Satires - menene wannan? Brief tarihi da kuma siffofin da Genre

Satires - wani samfurin cewa hadawa almarar, aikin jarida da kuma satire. Daga kananan bayanin kula a cikin jaridu , su yi girma a cikin wani raba salo. Ta yaya wannan ya faru? Abin da siffofin fahince satires? Wannan shi ne abin da za mu yi magana.

Ana zargin manufar

A ra'ayi na "lampoon" samo asali a Faransa a cikin XIX karni da kuma mallakar aikin jarida. Tare da Faransa an fassara ta a matsayin "list", shi ne tare da takardar da ya fara da tarihin lokaci. A 1800 jaridar karkashin lakabi "Journal de Deba» (Journal des débats) ya fara gaba da misali bugu na kananan abun da ake sakawa, wanda daga baya aka kira satire.

A babban batu ne da manufofin na jaridar. Yana bude a farkon Faransa juyin juya halin da aka buga gwamnatin rahotanni, yanke shawara, umarni, bayyane da wakilai, da kuma sauran labarai a cikin wannan hanya. Ƙarin abun da ake sakawa, a akasin haka, kasance da tsarki siyasa. Su fentin rai style da kuma sa wani na sautin.

Newspaper satires - shi ne mai hanya don nishadantar da masu sauraro, da kuma a lokaci guda jawo hankali ga ta ɗaba'ar. A abun da ake sakawa a sanya talla, riddles, kasidu, littafin da sake dubawa, da kuma wasan kwaikwayo, charades, wasanin gwada ilimi da kuma riddles.

ci gaban da Genre

Duk da cewa da kalmar "lampoon" fito bayan Faransa juyin juya halin, an yi imani da cewa Genre kanta da aka haifi wani karni baya. Its kafa ne Deni Didro da Voltaire - da mawallafa na satirical ayyukansu m na addini da kuma siyasa.

Satires a Faransa jaridu da sauri koma wani irin sautin. Kunno kai a matsayin charades da kuma sake dubawa, suka sauri samo asali a cikin wani raba wallafe-wallafen da aikin jaridar Genre, congenial Voltaire da Diderot.

Da farko, a cikin jaridar abun da ake sakawa sun fara bayyana excerpts da wallafe-wallafen da ayyuka, irin su "The Three Musketeers" da Alexandre Dumas. Daga wannan fãra wani sabon salo - labari-feuilleton. Ya kasance daga cikin almarar da aka shiryar da janar karatu, ba tare da ciwon musamman ilmi da kuma sanã'ar.

A lokaci guda, Turai kasida da marubuta da taimako zuwa ga samuwar wani siyasa lampoon. An halin haske irony kuma ko da satire a kan harkokin siyasa da kuma zamantakewa al'amurran da suka shafi. Salo ƙarfafa saboda Viktoru Roshforu-Lucey, Genrihu Geyne, Georg Weert, Ludwig haifa da t. D.

Skit - abin da yake da shi? Features na Genre

Yanzu shi da dangantaka da kananan ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma za a iya wakilta labari, muqala, aya ko labarin. Skit - mai salo a kan iyakar da ke tsakanin adabi da kuma aikin jarida. Tare da kayan zane hadawa tsari da kuma gabatar da dabaru, yayin da sharpness na ciki yana nufin aikin jarida.

Domin irin wannan aiki ne halin da ƙayyadaddu a cikin hotunan da kuma facts, zargi, irony. Kamar yadda babban batutuwa ne da kona al'amurran da suka shafi al'umma da kuma siyasa. Feuilletons - yana aiki da ke tona asirin mutum lahani, kamar minuteness, ko avidity, msl, maganar banza.

Lampoon wani lokacin dangantawa da comic salo. Duk da haka, shi ba ya nufin ya sa aka bushe da dariya. Its main manufa shi ne ya nuna wani sabon abu musamman ta hanyar izgili, banter kan shi da kuma, watakila, yin karatu zaton.

Satires a Rasha

A kan lokaci, da kuma a Rasha akwai satires - shi ne mai low-matakin aiki. A farkon, suka gane da wani mummunan, idan aka kwatanta da tabloids da cheap matalauta ingancin littattafai. By da 20 ga watan shekara na XIX karni da hali ga su fara canza. Saboda haka, akwai satires Baron Brambeus tare da m kalamai game da mediocre da kuma maras ɗa'a wallafe-wallafe.

Sharp rubutu fice Alexander Pushkin, Dob, Bestuzhev, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Pan, Nekrasov. Salo hankali tsiwirwirinsu shahararsa. Satires da aka sanya a cikin "kada" mujallar "Spark", "Ƙararrawa". Akida da kuma sharpness suka yi tsiwirwirinsu lokacin juyin juya halin.

A farkon karni XX tare da wannan salo aiki Doroshevich, Yablonovsky. Boris Yegorov da kuma Simon Narinyani ko da saki mai raba littafin bugu. A "New Satyricon" Mayakovsky wallafa articles taken ( "take zamba", "National Anthem masanin kimiyya et al.).