Sassa na kwakwalwa da kuma su ayyuka: tsarin, fasali da kuma kwatancin

Brain - master kayyadewa daga cikin ayyukan da wani rai gabar, daya kashi na tsakiya m tsarin. Har yanzu, likita masana kimiyya karatu fasali na kwakwalwa da kuma bude dukkan-sabon m yiwuwa shi. Wannan ne mai matukar hadaddiyar gaba da cewa, ya danganta da jikin mu da waje muhalli. sassa na kwakwalwa da kuma su ayyuka mallaki dukan rai tafiyar matakai. External rabe kama da sakonni da kuma sanar da game da shigowa samuwar kasashe (haske, sauti, tactile da yawa wasu) zuwa wani bangare na kwakwalwa. A mayar da martani ya zo nan take. Ta yaya mu kai "processor", zai fahimci more.

Janar bayanin irin kwakwalwa

sassa na kwakwalwa da kuma su ayyuka suna da cikakken shiryar da mu rayuwa tafiyar matakai. The mutum kwakwalwa kunshi biliyan 25 neurons. Wannan m yawan Kwayoyin kafa da launin toka al'amarin. Brain rufe da dama bawo:

• taushi.
• m.
• arachnoid (a nan shi circulates sayar da giya).

Sayar da giya - a cerebrospinal ruwa a cikin kwakwalwa taka wata rawa ta a buga absorber m da wani yajin karfi.

Dukan maza da mata da kwakwalwa daidai da wannan hanya, ko da yake da nauyi ne daban-daban. Mafi kwanan nan zaunar da shawarwari da cewa nauyi na kwakwalwa taka wata rawa wajen shafi tunanin mutum da ci gaban da iyawa ta hankali. A ƙarshe ne mai sauki - shi ne ba. kwakwalwa nauyi ne game da 2% na jimlar nauyi na mutum. A maza, nauyin da shi a cikin wani talakawan na 1 370 g, da kuma na mata - 1240, da ayyuka na mutum kwakwalwa yankuna ɓullo da misali wanda rayuwar dogara a kan su. Shafi tunanin mutum da ikon tunani dogara ne a kan yawa halitta a cikin kwakwalwa sadarwa. Kowane cell na kwakwalwa - neurons, wanda ya haifar da kuma watsa hatsaisai.

A cavities a kwakwalwa kira ventricles. A daban-daban sassan je girman kwanyar jijiyoyi nau'i-nau'i.

The ayyuka na kwakwalwa (Table)

Kowane sashi a cikin kwakwalwa samun aikin yi. Tebur a kasa ya nuna wannan. Kwakwalwa ne kamar kwamfuta, a fili ya aiwatar da ayyuka, samun wani umurni daga waje duniya.

The ayyuka na kwakwalwa, da tebur bayyana a Schematic kuma a fili.

Kasa mun yi la'akari da sassa na kwakwalwa a more daki-daki.

tsarin

A cikin hoto na nuna yadda kwakwalwa. A mafi muhimmanci part aka shagaltar da ta cerebral hemispheres, duk da wannan, duk sassa na kwakwalwa da kuma su ayyuka taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jiki. Akwai biyar main sassa:

• karshen (daga cikin jimlar nauyi ne 80%).
• raya (gada da cerebellum).
• tsaka-tsaki;
• oblong.
• talakawan.

A lokaci guda a cikin kwakwalwa ne zuwa kashi uku main sassa: kwakwalwa kara, cerebellum, biyu cerebral hemispheres.

endbrain

Ba shi yiwuwa a takaicce bayyana tsarin da kwakwalwa. Don gane da sassa na kwakwalwa da kuma su ayyuka, shi wajibi ne don nazarin tsarin a hankali.

Telencephalon kara daga frontal da occipital kashi. Ga mun yi la'akari da biyu cerebral hemispheres: hagu da kuma dama. A kan sauran, wannan sashen yana cikin mafi girma da yawan sulci da gyri. Ci gaba da kuma tsarin da kwakwalwa suna a hankali daura da juna. Kwararru alama iri uku ɓawon burodi:

• tsoho (s olfactory tubercle, Anterior perforated abu lunate podmozolistoy podmozolistoy gyrus kuma a kaikaice).
• haihuwa (tare da dentate gyrus - fascia da gippokambom).
• sabon (shi ne da sauran bawo).

Hemispheric raba tsaye tsagi a cikin zurfin da aka kafa, da kuma ayyukan marubuta callosum, wanda connect da yammancin duniya. A bukatarsa tarin rubuce-rubuce callosum aka liyi tare da jijiya zaruruwa da aka alaka da neocortex. A tsarin da hemispheres wajen hadaddun da yayi kama da Multi-matakin tsarin. Akwai daban-daban frontal, boko, parietal da occipital lobe, subcortex da bawo. Kwakwalwar hemispheres ya yi manyan yawan ayyuka. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa hagu yammancin duniya umarci dama sashi na jiki, da kuma mataimakin versa dama - bar.

ɓawon burodi

A surface Layer na kwakwalwa - shi ne haushi, yana mai kauri daga 3 mm, maida hankali ne akan yammancin duniya. A tsarin kunshi tsaye jijiya Kwayoyin tare da tafiyar matakai. A bawo ma dauke da efferent da afferent jijiya zaruruwa, kuma neuroglia. sassa na kwakwalwa da kuma su ayyuka suna dauke a tebur, da kuma cewa shi ne ɓawon burodi? An ester tsarin da ciwon a kwance layering. A tsarin yana da shida yadudduka:

• m pyramidal.
• m granular.
• ciki particulate.
• kwayoyin.
• ciki pyramidal.
• tare da fusiform Kwayoyin.

Kowane yana da wani daban-daban nisa, yawa, siffar neurons. Tsaye daure na jijiya zaruruwa a haɗe zuwa haushi a tsaye striations. A yankin na bawo ne kamar 2200 square santimita, yawan neurons nan ya kai goma biliyan.

sassa na kwakwalwa da kuma su ayyuka: haushi

Haushi da kulawa da dama musamman ayyuka na jiki. Kowane lobe ne alhakin da kansa sigogi. Ka yi la'akari da ayyuka daura wa hotel More bayanai:

• boko lobe - iko da nufi da wari da kuma ji;
• parietal - shi ne alhakin da dandano da tabawa.
• occipital - hangen nesa.
• frontal - hadaddun tunani, motsi da magana.

Kowane neuron ne a lamba tare da sauran neurons, akwai mutum dubu goma lambobi (m al'amarin). Jijiya zaruruwa - wani farin abu. A wasu bangare na kwakwalwa hadawa. White al'amarin ya hada da iri uku zaruruwa:

• associational mahada a daya yammancin duniya daban-daban cortical yankunan.
• commissural yammancin duniya suka hadu;
• Tsinkaya sadarwa tare da ƙananan tsarin ne analyzers hanya.

Idan akai la'akari da tsarin da kuma aiki da kwakwalwa, shi wajibi ne in jaddada rawar da launin toka da fari al'amarin. Hemispheric ne a cikin muhimmi ganglia (m al'amari), su main aiki ne a aika bayani. Tsakanin cerebral ɓawon burodi da kuma muhimmi nuclei located farin m. Akwai hudu sassa daban-daban:

• tsakanin GROOVES a convolutions.
• a cikin matsanancin yankunan da hemispheres.
• kunshe a cikin ciki kwantena.
• located a cikin tarin rubuce-rubuce callosum.

Located ne mai farin abu kafa ta jijiya zaruruwa da ta haɗu da convolutions na haushi daga cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin ba. Subcortical nuclei samar subcortical kwakwalwa.

Telencephalon - aiwatarda duk muhimmanci ayyuka na jiki, kazalika da iyawa ta hankali.

diencephalon

sassa na kwakwalwa da kuma su ayyuka (tebur gabatar a sama) hada diencephalon. Idan muka duba a cikin mafi daki-daki, shi wajibi ne a ce shi kunshi ventral da dorsal sassa. By da ventral hypothalamus nasa ne da dorsal - thalamus, metathalamus da epithalamus.

Thalamus shine matsakanci, wanda ya umurcemu da samuwar kasashe samu a yammancin duniya. shi ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin "Kayayyakin hillocks." Yana taimaka jiki don daidaita da sauri zuwa ga canje-canje a cikin external yanayi. Thalamus an haɗa zuwa cerebellum via da limbic tsarin.

A hypothalamus da shugabantar da autonomic ayyuka. Tasiri ne ta hanyar da juyayi tsarin, da kuma, ba shakka, da endocrine gland. Shirya aikin da endocrine gland, iko metabolism. A pituitary gland shine yake an located kai tsaye daga ƙarƙashinsu da shi. Yana shirya jiki zafin jiki, zuciya da jijiyoyin jini da kuma narkewa kamar tsarin. Har ila yau, hypothalamus umurcemu da mu abinci da abinsha hali, tsara wakefulness da kuma barci.

raya

A na baya hada vorgelagerten gada da cerebellum, wanda yake a baya. By nazarin tsarin da kuma aiki da kwakwalwa, mukalli a tsarin da gada: da dorsal surface na cerebellum aka rufe, ventral gabatar fibrous tsarin. A zaruruwa ake directed a wannan sashen giciye. A kowane gefe na gada da suka tafi zuwa tsakiyar cerebellar kafa. A surface gada yayi kama da thickened fari nadi located sama da medulla oblongata. Tushen na jijiyoyi a cikin bulbar-fita roadway kwarin kunya.

A tsarin da raya aksali: a gaban sashe za a iya gani cewa gaba memba rabu (manyan ventral) da kuma na baya (dorsal kananan) rabo. Tsakanin su, iyakar ne trapezoid jiki, m zaruruwa wanda gangara dauke auditory hanya. Madugu aiki ya dogara ne a kan mayar da na kwakwalwa.

A cerebellum (kadan kwakwalwa)

Table "na kwakwalwa, tsarin, aiki" na nuna cewa cerebellum ne ke da alhakin daidaituwa da jiki motsi. Wannan sashen ne located bayan da gada. Cerebellum sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin "kananan kwakwalwa". Yana bautarka da na baya girman kwanyar fossa, lu'u-lu'u-dimbin yawa inuwõyi. cerebellum weighs daga 130 zuwa 160, da saman ne cerebral hemispheres, wanda aka raba da wani mai gangara Ramin. Ƙananan ɓangare na cerebellum ne m ga medulla oblongata.

Akwai biyu daban-daban hemispheres, da ƙananan, da na sama surface da tsutsa. A iyaka tsakanin su ne ake kira da a kwance rata zurfi. A jam'i na slits mai karko surface cerebellum bakin ciki gyrus (rollers) zubar therebetween. Tsakanin GROOVES ne wobble kungiyoyin rabu cikin yanka, su wakilci rabo daga cikin cerebellum (baya, Klotchkov-nodular, gaba).

Cerebellum ƙunshi biyu m da fari al'amarin. Gray dauka a periphery, Forms ɓawon burodi da kwayoyin neurons da pear-dimbin yawa, da kuma granular Layer. A karkashin ɓawon burodi akwai wani farin abu da zai ratsa cikin gyrus. A cikin fari al'amari akwai blotches na launin toka (da ginshikin). A cikin mahallin da irin wannan dangantakar da ke kama da wani itace. Wadanda suka san tsarin da mutum kwakwalwa, ta sashen aiki, sauki amsar, cewa cerebellum - daidaituwa sarrafa mu jiki ƙungiyoyi.

midbrain

A midbrain aka located a cikin agara kashi na gada da kuma zuwa papillary jikinsu, kazalika da na gani fili. Akwai alama jari na nuclei, wanda ake kira colliculus. Tsari da kuma aiki da kwakwalwa (Table) nuna cewa wannan sashen ne ke da alhakin gefen hangen nesa, orienting reflex, ba fuskantarwa reflexes zuwa na gani da auditory samuwar kasashe, da kuma goyon bayan da sautin na tsokoki na jikin mutum.

Medulla: a kara rabo

Medulla - wata halitta tsawo daga cikin laka. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa tsarin yana da yawa a cikin na kowa. Musamman ya bayyana idan muka yi la'akari da fari al'amari a daki-daki. Wakiltar ta takaice da kuma dogon jijiya zaruruwa. A cikin irin gabatar a nan nuclei m al'amarin. sassa na kwakwalwa da kuma su ayyuka (tebur nuna a sama) ya nuna cewa medulla oblongata kulawa mu balance, daidaituwa, shirya metabolism, take kaiwa numfashi da kuma wurare dabam dabam. Shi ne ma alhakin irin wannan muhimmanci da numfashinsa na jikin mu, kamar sneezing da coughing, amai.

Kwakwalwa kara ne zuwa kashi bango da midbrain. Gangar jikin da ake kira matsakaici, tsawo, gada da kuma midbrain. A tsarin da shi - sauko da kuma hawa da hanyõyi a haɗa da ganga tare da laka da kuma kwakwalwa. A wannan bangare ana kula ga zuciya rate, numfashi, m magana.