Salts na carbonic acid. Amfani da salts na carbonic acid

Inorganic acid suke da muhimmanci sosai a sinadaran masana'antu. Bayan duk, su ne albarkatun kasa domin da yawa syntheses, tsara tsari, aiki a matsayin mai dehydrating wakili don dehydration da sauransu.

Duk da haka, ko da mafi muhimmanci da salts - canzawa kayayyakin na hydrogen zuwa ƙarfe a cikin abun da ke ciki na kwayoyin. Carbonic acid a cikin wannan girmamawa ne na musamman. Bayan duk da kanta shi kusan ba ya wanzu, da iska nan da nan saki a cikin carbon dioxide da kuma ruwa. Amma carbonic acid siffofin salts da cewa an san ga mutum, tun lokacin da. Su ne Popular a yankunan da yawa na samar da ayyukan. Kuma la'akari da su.

Salts na carbonic acid: Nau'in

Da fari dai, shi wajibi ne don saka nan da nan cewa abubuwa za a iya kira a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Yana kawai don haka ya faru da cewa duk da sunan makale da ake amfani da su a wannan rana kamar yadda tarihi ko maras muhimmanci, da kuma bayanai a kan wani m nomenclature. Saboda haka, da gishiri da carbonic acid, an kira su kamar haka:

• carbonates.
• bicarbonates.
• carbon dioxide.
• hydrogencarbonates.
• bicarbonates.

Kuma ba shakka, kowane daya yana da mafi maras ɗa'a sunan, wanda shi ne wani mutum.

A sama sunayen nan da nan tunãni, kuma rarrabuwa da batun mahadi. Kamar yadda dibasic acid, da gishiri shi Forms iri biyu:

• matsakaici.
• m.

By sunan karshe laqani hydro ko bisexual. Kusan kowace gishiri da wani Alkali ko alkaline duniya karfe - shi ne kusan muhimmanci fili wanda mutane bukatar a kasuwanci.

Tarihi na samu da kuma yin amfani da

Tun zamanin da mutane da aka sani gishiri na carbonic acid. Bayan duk, a zamanin d Misira, da yi da aka za'ayi da taimakon gypsum, alabaster, farar ƙasa da marmara da aka yi amfani da.

A cikin rubuce-rubucen da Pliny da Dattijon da aka ambata tsari don samar da lemun tsami farar ƙasa calcination. Famous Wonder - dala - gina ta amfani da gypsum da kuma kayan samu daga barinta ne. Daga cikin toka na shuke-shuke samu potash da kuma amfani da shi don wanka tufafi, sa'an nan a cikin sabulu shawara.

Wannan shi ne yin amfani da kayayyakin da cewa yanayi ba, mutane sun iya kusan ko da yaushe. Duk da haka, abin da yake da gishiri da carbonic acid, wanda suna da wani tsarin yadda za a iya hada artificially, kuma abin da zukãtansu wasu halaye, da ya zama sananne yawa daga baya, a cikin XVII-XVIII ƙarni.

Yau, da tartsatsi amfani da yawa carbonates ne Alkali da alkaline duniya karafa, wasu daga cikinsu dauki wani muhimmin bangare a cikin ruwan karkashin kasa wurare dabam dabam tafiyar matakai.

Adibas a cikin yanayi

Bisa ga kashi na dauke ma'adanai zauna kamar 5% daga cikin dukan taro na duniya ta ɓawon burodi. Suna kafa yafi daga waje, forming kankara. Kuma mai yawa na salts kafa ta hydrothermal.

Kwayoyin, molluscs da sauran dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke taimakawa ga samuwar carbonates biochemically. Sau da yawa, carbonic acid salts da ake samu a cikin abun da ke ciki na ores, rakiyar su ta hanyar da samuwar abõkan tãrayya.

Mafi fi sanin ma'adanai da kuma kankara na wadannan mahadi:

• calcite.
• dolomite.
• alli.
• marmara.
• farar ƙasa.
• gypsum.
• magnesite.
• siderite.
• malachite.

Hanyar ga shirye-shiryen da kuma aikace-aikace

Gishiri da carbonic acid ake kira carbonates (a cikin hali na matsakaici bambancin). Wannan yana nufin cewa carbonate ion ne dole kunshe a abun da ke ciki wanda dabara ne CO ₃ ^2-. Don kammala cikakken gishiri nau'i ne ba kawai isa karfe cation da fihirisa nuna da yawa abun da ke ciki na wani fili. Wannan da ake amfani a dakin gwaje-gwaje hanyoyin domin samar da wadannan abubuwa.

A gaskiya, kuma hakar daga halitta kafofin, za a iya hada carbonates da kuma raba halayen da kuma canzawa fili. Duk da haka, da m muhimmancin irin hanyoyin da ba, tun da yawan amfanin ƙasa ne ma low da makamashi ta halin kaka.

Inda aka sanya yin amfani da salts na carbonic acid, a cikin abin da yankunan? Ga kowane daga cikinsu shi ne akayi daban-daban, amma a general yana yiwuwa a gano dama manyan masana'antu.

1. Injiniya.
2. Chemical masana'antu.
3. Glass.
4. Sabulu.
5. Kira na takarda.
6. Masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci.
7. Production na ƙuna.
8. Alli carbonate - tushen karfe ions a jikin halittu masu rai.

La'akari da dama misalai musamman carbonates, abun da ke ciki da kuma darajar.

alli carbonate

Kamar yadda riga aka ambata a sama, da abu - tushen alli ions Ca ²⁺ a jikin mutum. Kuma wannan yana da muhimmanci ƙwarai. Bayan duk, suna da hannu a rike da haƙuri da jini buffer tsarin, wani bangare ne na kasũsuwa, ashe, kusoshi, gashi, Qarfafa hakori enamel.

Lokacin da alli karanci ci gaba daban-daban cututtuka, ciki har da irin wannan m matsayin zuciya rashin cin nasara, osteoporosis, pathological canje-canje a cikin ruwan tabarau na eyeball, da sauransu.

Bugu da kari, da alli carbonate aka kuma yi amfani da gine-gine kasuwanci. Bayan duk da bambance-bambancen karatu - shi ne:

• alli.
• marmara.
• farar ƙasa.

The gishiri adibas arziki isa cewa wani mutum yana babu kasawa na shi. An sau da yawa sayar a cikin wani tataccen fom in kwamfutar hannu tsari, kamar yadda a cikin hoto a kasa. Gaskiya ne cewa alli da ake tunawa quite da kyau, shi bukatar gaban bitamin D.

soda

Salts na carbonic acid - carbonates - suna da muhimmanci mutum da kuma m gona. Alal misali, sodium carbonate, ko sodium carbonate, a kowa ne ake kira soda. Duk da haka, shi ne ba da abu, wanda shi ne wani muhimmin bangare a cikin shirye-shiryen da daban-daban jita-jita. A'a, gishiri amfani da kasuwanci dalilai for tsaftacewa gidan saman na kayayyakin: bathtubs, sinks, kayayyakinsa, da sauran. An aka fi sani da soda ash ko wanki, shi da ake amfani a gilashin samar, sabulu shawara.

Da dabara na mahadi Na ₂ CO ₃ * 10H ₂ O. Wannan mai ruwa-ruwa da gishiri matsakaici yiwuwa ga crystalline hydrate. A yanayi, a samu a cikin nau'i na ma'adanai a cikin abun da ke ciki na kankara. misalai:

• kursiyin;
• nakholit.
• thermonatrite.

Sau da yawa da shi tsaye a waje daga algae, su toka. Yana da wannan hanyar da aka yi amfani da zamanin da samun da albarkatun kasa domin samar da sabulu, ko kawai don wanke wanki. Mafi kamar arziki shuka dauke da wannan gishiri ne solyanka sodonosnaya. Its iyakar m ash, don samar da sodium carbonate.

potash

Formula gishiri na carbonic acid, da ciwon irin wannan sunan, - K ₂ CO _3. Yana da wani fari lafiya crystalline hygroscopic foda. Average anhydrous gishiri, wanda yana da matukar kyau solubility. Wannan fili kuma an san su mutane na dogon lokaci, da kuma shi ne yadu amfani a yau. Kamancin sunan:

• potassium carbonate.
• potash.
• potash.

Babban yankunan amfani ne kamar haka.

1. Kamar yadda reagent a cikin matakai na masana'antu ruwa sabulu.
2. Domin kira na crystal da na gani gilashi, mai tsaurin gilashi.
3. Ga rini daga yadudduka.
4. Kamar yadda taki ga amfanin gona.
5. A yi kasuwanci - domin rage sanyinsu na rokoki.
6. A Photo Art.

Babban masana'antu wajen samun wannan gishiri - electrolysis na alli chloride. Lokacin da wannan hydroxide da aka kafa, wanda reacts tare da carbon dioxide da kuma siffofin potash. Halitta raw kayan - shi ne ash ciyawa da algae, a cikin abin da yake kunshe da yawa.

bicarb

Acid Bugu da kari salts na carbonic acid ba kasa muhimmanci fiye da talakawan. Saboda haka, misali, sodium bicarbonate, wanda dabara NaHCO _3. Wani sunansa, mafi sani ga dukkan - yin burodi soda. Azahiri, shi ne wani fari lafiya foda wanda shi ne sosai narkewa a cikin ruwa. A fili m lokacin da mai tsanani, nan da nan decomposes cikin carbon dioxide, ruwa da kuma high gishiri. Wannan damar yin amfani da yin burodi soda a matsayin buffer a ciki yanayi na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta.

Har ila yau, akwai da dama filayen na aikace-aikace na fili:

• abinci (musamman confectionery) masana'antu.
• magani (domin lura da konewa acid);
• a sinadaran kira a samar da robobi, dyes, kumfa robobi, iyali sunadarai.
• a cikin haske da kuma yadi masana'antu (fata tanning da kuma kammala siliki yadudduka, da dai sauransu).
• Ana amfani da a yi na carbonated abubuwan sha da kuma daban-daban na dafuwa yi jita-jita.
• Sodium bicarbonate aka caje SPRAY.

alli carbonate

Wannan acidic gishiri na carbonic acid, - wani muhimmin bangare a cikin wurare dabam dabam na ruwan karkashin kasa. Wannan fili na samar da samuwar wani wucin gadi ruwa taurin jawabi ta tafasa. A wannan yanayin bicarbonate ne alli carbonate inganta taro hijirar a cikin yanayi, Ina nufin su gaba sake zagayowar. Da dabara na wannan fili - Ca (HCO _{3) 2.}