Salon magana ƙamus da kuma conversational: misalai da kuma yadda ake amfani da dokokin

Rubuta wani haske, Catchy wuya a ajiyan. Amma wasu marubuta ne iya lashe hankalin ayyukansa mai ban sha'awa masu sauraro. Mene ne sirrin da suka samu nasara? Mu yi kokarin gano a cikin wannan labarin, da yadda suka cimma a duniya yarda.

maras ɗa'a harshe

Salon magana ƙamus - kalmomi da wani m, stylistically rage da kuma ko maras ɗa'a sautin, wanda suna located waje da wallafe-wallafen style. Su ne ba na hali na model, littafin style, saba amma daban-daban kungiyoyin na al'umma kuma suna da wani al'adu da kuma zamantakewa halaye na mutane wanda ba su mallaka a rubuta harshen. Wadannan kalmomi ana amfani da wasu daban na tattaunawa: a wani m, ko saba magana a fi'ili sparring da kuma kama.

A general, da vernacular ake kira da wadanda ba wallafe-wallafen harshen, wanda aka yi amfani da mutane ta tattaunawa. A wannan yanayin, shi bazai m, kuma suna da wani furci na musamman. A shi an hada da, misali, kalmomin "baƙin", "yalwa", "for free", "suna", "da sauran rana," "lokacin zama", "wuya", "girma", "samun gaji", "maganar banza" "plump", "da wuya ma'aikacin", "balk", "brainy".

Mark a kamus, isharar da rage yawan style of kalmomi kuma wurãrenta, ba su debe kimantawa, m. Salon magana ƙamus sau da yawa ruwansa da kima da ma'ana sautin.

Shi ne kuma zai yiwu a samu kowa faxin, dabam-dabam ne kawai a accentuation da imin sautin harshe ( "tabaterka" maimakon "snuff", "surezno" maimakon na "tsanani").

Dalilan da aikace-aikace

Salon magana lexicon a daban-daban na yare da ake amfani da wasu dalilai mabambanta: marubucin alakarsu da aka bayyana, hadin sabubban (aikin jaridar magana), ma'ana jigogi da m (magana kalmomi), characterological dalilai (art phrases). The na aikin kasuwanci da kimiyya tattaunawa salon magana ƙamus riskarsa kamar inostilevoy kashi.

indelicate style

Coarsely salon magana ƙamus ya raunana, ma'ana launi m. Ya kunshi, misali, wadannan kalmomi: "riffraff", "cornstalk" "bonehead", "MUG", "tukunya-bellied", "spieler", "fuska", "MUG", "Bast", "karya", " okolet "," slyamzit "," amma kumfa "," Hamley ". Don shi ne mafi muni, wãtau maras ɗa'a harshe, cewa shi ne, wulãkanci harshe (maras ɗa'a rantsar). A wannan salon za ka iya samun kalmomi da na kwarai vernacular dabi'u (sau da yawa metamorphic) - "fito" ( "sata"), "kuma yanke" ( "briskly ce"), "dash" ( "rubuta"), "saƙa" ( "magana maganar banza"), "hat" ( "m buhu"), "Vinaigrette" ( "saida kaya").

yau da kullum style

Conversation ƙamus ne daya daga cikin muhimman nau'i-nau'i a ƙamus na da harshen da marubuci tare da tsaka tsaki da kuma littafin salo. Yana Forms wata kalma, da aka sani, yafi a dialogicality phrases. Wannan salon mayar da hankali a kan na yau da kullum tattaunawa a wani yanayi na interpersonal sadarwa (looseness na sadarwa da kuma magana dangantaka, tunani, motsin zuciya, magana da batun), kazalika da raka'a sauran tiers na harshe, aiki, yafi a cikin magana phrases. Saboda haka wanda m maganganu muhimmi ma'ana rage canza launi.

Magana Genre ne zuwa kashi biyu unequal-tushe tafki iya aiki: a rubuta vernacular da ƙamus obihodno-mabukaci.

ƙamus magana

Mene ne wani conversational da kuma salon magana ƙamus? Yau da kullum ƙamus kunshi kalmomi na musamman don baka siffofin sadarwa ayyuka. Conversational phrases uniform. Suna located kasa da tsaka tsaki faxin, amma dangane da mataki na adabi ƙamus ne zuwa kashi biyu manyan kungiyoyin: Elementary da vernacular ƙamus.

Yau da kullum ƙamus hada da sharuddan da cewa ba tattaunawar wata inuwa zama na yau da kullum, spontaneity (amma ba m-kalmar vernacular). Daga cikin ra'ayi na sassa na jawabin sanyã conversational ƙamus kamar tsaka tsaki kuma bambancin.

Yana hada da:

• sunaye: "wag", "babban mutum", "maganar banza".
• manufofi: "lax", "m".
• adverbs: "a kaina hanya", "bazuwar".
• interjections: "Kash", "bai", "karamar Hukumar".

Yau da kullum lexicon, duk da pritushennost, ba ta wuce iyakoki na Rasha wallafe-wallafen harshen.

Salon magana ƙamus kasa a style fiye da yau da kullum, saboda haka, aka sanya a waje da daidaita rubuce-rubuce na Rasha magana. An kasu kashi uku:

1. Ma'ana m ƙamus ilimin nahawu nuna manufofi ( "bedraggled", "bellied"), aiki ( "barci", "raschuhat"), suna ( "cornstalk", "bonehead"), adverbs ( "lousy," "wawayen"). Wadannan kalmomi ne sau da yawa a tattaunawa talauci ilimi mutane, ma'ana su al'adu matakin. Wani lokaci aka same su a tattaunawa na fasaha mutane. A expressiveness daga wadannan kalmomi da na ginin jumla da kuma wani tunanin damar taimaka wani lokacin eloquently da kuma abubuwan da nuna rabo (mafi korau) zuwa kowane abu, sabon abu ko mutum.
2. M-vernacular ƙamus ya bambanta daga m da ma'ana fiye da mataki na saba. Wannan, misali, da wadannan kalmomi: "Heil", "MUG" "MUG", "turnip", "gunanta", "Rylnikov". Wadannan kaifin faxin, su sami damar aika da da mummunan hali na hira zuwa wasu aukuwa. Saboda wuce kima dabbanci irin wannan ƙamus ba shi da inganci a cikin tattaunawa na ladabi mutane.
3. A gaskiya, vernacular ƙamus. Wannan ya hada da wani karamin yawan kalmomi da cewa ba-wallafe-wallafen, ba domin lalle ne su m (ba su kasance m da ma'ana launi da kuma darajar) ko da wani warlike harafin (su ne ba m ilimin harsuna), amma saboda ba su shawara don amfani ilimi mutane a tattaunawa. Wadannan su ne kalmomi kamar "gaba", "kawai a yanzu", "daddy," "Na yi tsammani," "spawn". Wannan irin harshe kuma ake kira demotic, kuma ya bambanta daga yare da ake amfani a cikin birnin da kuma a cikin karkara.

Kamancin

Kamancin a cikin salon magana ƙamus da kuma wallafe-wallafen a lokaci guda sosai sau da yawa ne daban-daban matakan magana da expressiveness:

• shugaban - galangal, chump.
• fuska - mummuna MUG, muzzle.
• feet - klyagi.

Sau da yawa a tattaunawa faruwa ba kawai synonymous kamar yadda irin wannan, da kuma vernacular versions na adabi kalmomi, ciki har da nahawu:

• mata - zuwa gare ta.
• ko da yaushe - zavsegda.
• ya ci - ya poemshi.
• su - su;
• daga - ottudova, ottedova.
• ban kwana - to svidanitsa.

Creativity M.Zoshchenko

Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa da wajen na magana da jawabin ne salon magana ƙamus. Lalle ne, a cikin hannãyenku daga wadanda ba wallafe-wallafen marubuci masterovitogo kalmomi zai iya bauta wa ba kawai a matsayin hanyar m bayanin irin haruffa, amma kuma a samar da wani recognizable stylistic takamaiman halin da ake ciki. A samfur na wannan ne m ayyukan Zoshchenko, wanda basira parodied Bafilisten haukan da hanyar rayuwa, "vkraplivaya" a cikin hira m heroes folksy maganganu.

Yaya ta duba a cikin littattafan vernacular ƙamus? Misalai na kwarewa M.Zoshchenko ban sha'awa. Wannan talented marubuci ya rubuta da wadannan:

"Na ce:

- Shin, ba shi lokaci zuwa zauna a wani gidan wasan kwaikwayo? Kira na iya zama.

Kuma ta ce:

- No.

Kuma uku, daukan da cake.

Ina magana:

- Azumi - ba yawa? Iya AMAI.

Kuma ta ce:

- Babu, - ya ce - da muke amfani.

Kuma karo na hudu na zaba.

Sa'an nan shi hits ni a kai jini.

- Lodge - ce - da baya!

Ta ispuzhalsya. Ta buɗe bakinka, da kuma haske hakori a cikin bakinsa.

Kuma idan na buga da lambatu da lalacewa. All guda, ina ganin, ba za fitar da tare da ita.

- Lodge - I ce - to jahannama "(" Aristocrat "labarin!).

A wannan aikin, da comic sakamako samu ba kawai saboda da jam'i na maras ɗa'a maganganu da kuma siffofin, amma kuma saboda da cewa wadannan kalamai tsaya daga "ladabi" wallafe-wallafen clichés: "ci cake" da sauransu. A sakamakon haka, shi ya halicci wani m hoto na wani talauci ilimi, kunkuntar namiji shiryayye, jihãdi ga ze fasaha. Shi ne classic gwarzo Zoshchenko.

yare ƙamus

Kuma abin da yare, salon magana ƙamus? Karatu Urban maras ɗa'a harshe, mutane da yawa tambaya da gaggawa tambaya game da gida canza launi, saboda tasirin yarukan: Nazari da iyaka zabin daidai da data wata guda hedkwatarsu da ya sa ya yiwu don kwatanta su da sauran birane kayan, misali, Tambov, Omsk, Voronezh, Elista, Krasnoyarsk da kuma don haka a.

Al'ada iyakoki tsakanin vernacular da yare ƙamus ne sau da yawa sosai dangana ga tarihi links tare da kasa da yare irin harshe na dabam, kwayoyin dalilai da suke ba gaba ɗaya wajaba wani lokacin bincikar matsayin asali tushen haske na tsautsayi tafki m harshe.

Fasaha A. I. Solzhenitsyna

Yarda, wani lokacin yin amfani da salon magana ƙamus bada samfurin a wasu bambancinsa. Rabe-raben harsuna da stylistic fasaha A. I. Solzhenitsyna, alama da m asali janyo hankalin masu yawa ilimin harsuna. Kuma da paradox na debe dangane da shi na bukatar wasu masu karatu don koyon harshen da style daga cikin ayyukan da wannan marubucin. Alal misali, ya labari "Wata rana a cikin Ivana Denisovicha" ya nuna da ciki hadin kai da wani m, m dalili na alama da kuma fi'ili abun da ke ciki, a cikin abin da akwai, kamar yadda suke da'awa L. N. Tolstoy, "wani musamman hanya domin kawai zai yiwu kalmar," wanda shi ne mai gaskiya alamar sanã'ar.

muhimmin abu

Yare ƙamus da matukar muhimmanci ga Solzhenitsyn. "Wakili" da baƙauye marubucin aiki, yin shi da protagonist na littafinsa, marubucin ya gudanar ya halicci wani musamman unconventional da ma'ana yaren kima na ta magana, karfi da cire ga dukan halin yanzu rubutun tasiri koma battered stock na "m" jawabin za, ta yawo daga littafin littafin ( rubuta "nadys" "Manzon", "masoyi," "ka duba-Koch" da kuma kamar).

Domin mafi part wannan bayanin ya ce da aka samar ba ta hanyar ƙamus ( "uhaydakatsya", "sanyi", "Khalabuda", "gunyavy"), da kuma saboda kalmar-samuwar "obnevolyu", "nedotyka", "ukryvische", "udovolenny" "gaggawa". Wannan hanya na a haɗa zuwa ga yaren jawabin m filin, kamar yadda mai mulkin, zargi ne da wani approving kima kamar reviving da associative saba sadarwa na image da kalma.

Mutane ta magana

Kuma da yadda za a yi amfani da salon magana ƙamus a cikin jawabin? A tattaunawa zamani baƙauye yare da kuma vernacular ƙamus daga juna kusan rabuwa. Kuma mayar da akwai, ka ce, kalmomi kamar "na banza," "samodumka", "duhovity", "kama" to kowane musamman magana, kuma daidai saboda ya gane ko ko suna amfani da janar maras wallafe-wallafen dũkiyõyinsu - for murya kima Ivan Denisovich ba kome. Yana da muhimmanci cewa tare da taimakon biyu na farko da na biyu kira na gwarzo na'am da zama dole stylistic-wani tunanin.

Mun ji a kan m walwala da annashuwa, rayuwa, free daga sauƙi aro a 'yan shekarun nan a kan daban-daban husũma fagage misali basira jama'a magana. Solzhenitsyn shi ya sani da shi sensitively gano sabon qananan tabarau.

Ta yaya kuma shi ne halin da salon magana ƙamus? Misalai na aikace-aikace da shi zai iya kai har abada. Abin sha'awa da yin amfani da Shukhov "inshora" fi'ili a wani sabo ne "wasanni-samarwa" dabi'u - don tabbatar da AMINCI mataki don kare "Shukhov ... da daya hannun godiya, da sauri ya dauki nedokurok, da kuma na biyu daga kasa zuwa inshora, don haka kamar yadda ba su sauke."

Ko styazhonnoe amfani da daya daga cikin dabi'u "a" fi'ili da zai iya bayyana a cikin rare cewa kawai a yanzu, "ya kawo wani trafaretki daga yaki, kuma tun sa'an nan ya tafi, kuma mafi kuma mafi dyes irin typed: babu inda kunshi babu inda ba ya aiki ... ".

Ilimi na jama'a maganganu ba Solzhenitsyn da kuma nauyi a rayuwata, da kuma, ba shakka, mai aiki sha'awa a cikin mayen, lamarin shi ne cewa ba kawai bi da, amma kuma musamman don gudanar da bincike da Rasha harshe.