Rushe aikin 956 "Sarich": fasaha bayani dalla-dalla da kuma hotuna

Jiragen wannan aikin zai iya zama mafi m a cikin aji. Lalle sun yi mãkirci ga taso kan ruwa a cikin manyan yawa domin mu Navy. Hamsin hallaka na farko daraja - a armada wajen don kammala dukan rundunar motoci. Bugu da kari, da Multi-manufa shafi yin amfani da su don shirya wani iri-iri ayyuka. Shugaban hallakarwa "Modern" (aikin 956) aka shar'anta a shekarar 1975, na karshe jirgin na cikin jerin da aka kaddamar a marigayi 1993. Hamsin na shirya raka'a cikin sabis na Navy da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Rasha samu 17. Hudu ze tashi karkashin Sin flag. Biyu jirãge ake conserved, biyu ne a cikin mataki na zamani, biyu more - a cikin yaƙin na Arewa jiragen ruwa, da sauran rubuta kashe. Mene ne dalilin da irin wannan taro na karfe yankan youngish, a kan sojan ruwa Concepts raka'a?

Me ya sa Tarayyar Soviet bukatar sabon hallaka

Dalilan da kiyawar da babban yawan jiragen ruwa da aikin 956 da za a nemi a cikin sau dogon tafi. Shi ne a cikin tsakiyar hamsin hamsin, akwai wani m sabon abu, da ake kira seamen "Khrushchev ta shan kashi." Maye nasarorin m raketostroiteley kai ga manyan dabarun kwaɓe,. Yiwuwar a duniya rikici ki saboda tabbacin da juna halaka, amma wannan ba ya nufin cewa babu bukatar a yankin gaban Soviet Navy, da kuma tabbatar da cewa shi ya musamman wuya ba tare da kasancewar a cikin arsenal na manyan jirãge. Actions squadrons, ne a kan wajibi a cikin daban-daban sassa na m tekuna samu shi wuya (saboda kananan yawan raka'a, kafa su "core" da kuma anka juriya). Dako a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da aka ba gina saboda su high kudin, su hallaka a farkon ayyukan (PR. 30-2 da kuma 78) Fe (ex. 68), gina karkashin Stalin da kuma "nedorezanny" Khrushchev, ba kawai m, amma kuma a zahiri ya lalace. Rundunar ƙari bukaci zamani jiragen ruwa na manyan tonnage, sanye take - kan daidai da roka launchers - mai iko manyan bindigogi. Yana da haka ta sami juna biyu sabuwar hallakarwa Project 956, an gaggawa bukatar for wanda aka cikakken gane bayan babban-sikelin motsa jiki "Ocean", da aka gudanar a cikin bazara na shekarar 1970.

Mene ne mai hallakarwa, kuma me ya sa kana bukatar shi

Rushe - manufar gargajiya maimakon cike da ma'ana. Hakika, mine ne ba'a iyakance zuwa makamai, amma da ta nufi motar wajen an soma da yawa navies na duniya ajin frigates, wanda, bi da bi, da kadan a na kowa tare da tsohon sailboats. Rushe aikin 956 "ungulu" (abin da yake cikin code) da aka tsara don cika da fadi da kewayon fama manufa, wanda zai iya tabbatar da su zama da yawa domin BOD (manyan anti-submarine jirgin), Forms da akai na Soviet Navy a cikin marigayi sittin. Hukumance, ta babban manufar da aka tsara a matsayin wuta da goyon baya ga saukowa, da aka bayyana a cikin danniya na kananan ƙasa hari, da tabbatar da iska da kuma makami mai linzami tsaron raka'a disembarking da kuma lalata jiragen m abokin gaba. Haka kuma an shirya ya raba tare da BOD (PR. 1155), wanda ya kawo yadda ya dace da irin wannan biyu ga fama damar mafi m a wancan lokacin, da American jirgin ruwa mai filafilai "Spryuens". Bisa burin da halitta mai hallakarwa aikin 956. A jirgin kudin da aka tsada kasafin kudin, shi gina a kan tushen da kankare tsaro rukunan, musamman a lokacin da ta je manyan jerin.

Bayyanar da kuma farfaganda darajar ilmi

An yi imani da cewa soja kayan aiki bayyanar ba da muhimmanci a matsayin da ayyuka, amma wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Duk yadda m dubi juna sau da yawa ya dogara da yiwuwa shi samar da wani ra'ayi na abokan gaba, da cewa a cikin rashi na yaki, za su iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban da rikici, da yiwu hana shi. Bisa ga wannan matakala, haifar, da kuma hallakar da 'aikin 956. A model photo cewa an gabatar da Amirul IMF Admiral S. G. Gorshkovu a karshen shekara ta 1971, an amince da sun fi mayar saboda da m gani daga jirgin, ta sinister waje da kuma farfaganda sakamako, wanda zai iya samar da ta silhouette bayan bayyanar da jirgin ruwa a teku. Layout, gina a 1:50 sikelin, sojan ruwa magabatansu so: shi ne quite m tare da kasashen waje da manufofin rukunan Tarayyar Soviet da kuma ya nuna ci gaba a kimiyya da kuma fasaha na biyu da rabi na XX karni. Amma, ba shakka, ba kawai a cikin bayyanar - ba haka ba ne mai sauki S. G. Gorshkov, da sauran ra'ayi na aikin tantance mai hallakarwa 956. Features na jirgin sun muhimmanci, kuma sun kasance magana game da wani sosai seaworthy.

} ir} Shipbuilding

Na farko zane gwani a fagen Shipbuilding so ba kawai aesthetically. Babban fasali na waje bayyanar da jirgin ya zama wata ja ruwa mahalli, ta aras baka, nasara girke manyan bindigogi da makamai daga cikin manyan wuta, wurin da iska tsaro tsarin a tarnaƙi (wanda bayar kyau kwarai damar staging barrage) da kuma high tsawo radar antennas (ga mafi alhẽri radar binciken). Hull tsawon iyakance ta damar shipyards dasa su. A. A. Zhdanova ya kamata ba ƙetare 146 mita da nisa daga 17 m. A ci gaba da na kowa akidar Shipbuilding jirgin sun fara amfani da dama fasahar. Samar da baka na tambayar ba share (up 7 da maki tashin hankali) counter kalaman, hukumar da za'ayi tare da wani biyu karaya surface rage Ganuwar. Akwai sauran siffofin da cewa rarrabe hallakarwa aikin 956 Zane cikas ake yi a yarda da su horizontally ko da contours, wanda ƙwarai inganta Sannan ina kafuwa. The gidaje ne zuwa kashi goma sha biyar watertight compartments rukũ'i, "bulbous" karkashin ruwa kashi ba kawai rage ja, amma kuma hidima ga dauke da post hydroacoustics (CIM-335MS, shi ne hadaddun "CD). Tunanin mutuntaka amfani da karfi hardening abubuwa a cikin yankunan iyakar danniya.

ikon shuka

A ko rashin amfani wannan jerin jiragen ruwa da aka sani masana la'akari m ikon shuka. Domin wannan shi ne dalilin da. A lokacin da zabar da irin injin turbin S. G. Gorshkov son da aka bai wa tukunyar jirgi kewaye, alhãli kuwa sunã kãfirai gas. Wannan ya yi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da Tarayyar Soviet ministan Shipbuilding B. E. Butomy, a muhawwara ra'ayi a babban kaya na Kudu injin turbin shuka da kuma gaskiya cewa samar da man fetur da man fetur zuwa shirya a wani musamman lokacin zai zama wuta fiye da dizal. A sakamakon haka, da hallakarwa Project 956 aka sanye take da twin tukunyar jirgi-injin turbin shuka da mai total damar dubu 100. Lita. wani. Yau yana da wuya a bayar da wata m kima da kuma yin magana sosai a cikin ni'imar da wannan shawarar, ko da shi. Gaskiyar ita ce, a cikin farkon 70s akwai wani m aikin don ƙirƙirar wani juyin juya halin da a cikin fasaha bangare na ramjet KTU, idan nasara, ya yi alkawarin zama na musamman, amma shi bai yi nasara ba. A qarshe, muna da dakatar a kan al'ada mazan high-matsa lamba boilers, bari kuma, in general, amma kash. Kuma wanda mafi shawara a cikin ni'imar da aka yi ta zumunta cheapness na man fetur da man fetur. Duniya rikicin makamashi shãfe da kuma Tarayyar Soviet.

cannons

Underestimating baya shekarun da suka gabata da rawar da manyan bindigogi a cikin Maritime gidan wasan kwaikwayo na ayyukan soji karkashin jagorancin CB "Sevmash" hannu hallakarwa "Modern" (Project 956) tare da biyu guda biyu raka'a AK-130, sanye take da "Leo-218" multichannel gudanar da tsarin (MP-184). Shiriya shafts a kan tushen da bayanai bayar da radar fuska manemin (Laser) da kuma talabijin da na'urorin, kuma sarrafa dijital kwamfuta da harbe-harben sigogi. Ammonium feed mechanized kudi kai 90 RDS. / Min, nesa wuce 24 km. By manyan bindigogi ikon mai hallakar da 'aikin ya wuce 956 battleships a lokacin yakin duniya na, wanda ya ba da wasu makamai da sauran fiye da igwa. Weight tsĩrar da su da manufa bawo (daya minti daya) ne fiye da shida tons.

Anti-jirgin sama manyan bindigogi jamiái samar da kariya daga hadaddun hari (ciki har da cruise linzami) kuma ya gabatar da biyu spaced pobortno 30mm gidaje AK-630M. Wadannan saituna hada da shida-ganga ruwa sanyaya tsarin sarrafawa da aiki da kai "pennant". Sun iya buga high-gudun abubuwa a nesa na 4 km tare da wani kudi na 4 da dubu. Akai-akai da minti.

da makamai masu linzami

Da makamai masu linzami hallakarwa "ungulu" an tsara don magance iska da teku hari. Complex "Hurricane" (a baya versions "Hurricane iskar") sanye take da daya katako launchers, da harbe-harben ZURami. A kowane daga cikin biyu harsasai PU - 48 jet shiryar da makamai masu linzami. "Hurricane" - a duniya makami, shi ne quite dace domin lalata surface jirãge na kananan tonnage (misali, makami mai linzami ko torpedo jiragen). Number of sa ido hari tare da lalata - to shida (a lokacin da suka fara kowane 12 seconds).

Musamman antiship tsaro hallakarwa aikin 956 aikin "sauro" ( "Sauro-M") hadaddun, ZM-82 sanye take da makamai masu linzami. Biyu shuke-shuke, suna kare da ajiyar, kowane dauke da hudu dako. Complex fama radius ne 120 km (170 a "Sauro-M"). Da makamai masu linzami supersonic (M = 3), da taro na fashewar a harbe-harben caja daki - uku quintal. All takwas na ZM-82 za a iya bayar a cikin rabin minti daya volley tawagar jirgin kula da tsarin.

Sharuddan sabis

"Ungulu" tagomashi da yawa Navy jiragen ruwa da inganta yanayi na habitability. Rushe sanye take da guda da kafuwa microclimate samar da wani dadi yanayi a wani waje da zazzabi jere daga -25 ° C zuwa +34 ° C. Ga sauran soja kurum marar ma'aikata bauta 16 forecastles damar 10 zuwa 25 mutane a lokaci guda domin kowane ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa yana zuwa wani yanki mafi girma daga 3 m². Warrant officer (hudu) da kuma jami'in (guda da biyu) suna da bukkokin 10 murabba'in mita. m. Biyu fili wardroom da uku cin abinci da dakuna suna amfani da su cin abinci. A kan jirgin akwai abin da kuke bukatar zuwa rayuwa tafi daga 'yan qasar gaba: cinema, na USB TV, library, ciki rediyo, dadi shawa, sauna. A zafi weather, a kan umarni na shugaban jirgin za a iya gina pool.

Tu naúrar akwai wani karamin dakin shan magani, biyu insulator, asibiti da kuma aiki dakin.

Yanayi na habitability da ta'aziyya a kan Project 956 hallaka ne ba na baya zuwa kasashen waje nagartacce, wanda ya shafi fitarwa m na wadannan jiragen ruwa.

wuya sau

Aikin da aka halitta kawai don ciki amfani, da kuma kafin rushewar Tarayyar Soviet domin sayar da jiragen ruwa da irin wannan ba ma wata tambaya. Goma sha huɗu hallaka shiga cikin Soviet Navy a cikin tsawon 1976-1881 shekaru, kowane daga cikinsu da aka dogara ne a kan talakawan na shekaru hudu. Jirãge isa ga Arewa (shida) da kuma Pacific (takwas) fleets dauki bangare a manyan sikelin-sojan ruwa bada, yin dogon tafiye-tafiye, da kuma sada zumunci ya kai ziyara zuwa kasashen waje mashigai.

A karshe Soviet shekaru da kuma nan da nan bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da halin da ake ciki canza. Sharply rage gwamnati kudade. Da abun ciki na warship bai zo ba cheap. Fiye da shekaru goma, da dama, na rubuta kashe, ya kasance a cikin sahu na biyar hallaka irin wannan, da sauran da aka dismantled ko mothballed. "Admiral Ushakov" Shekaru goma da daga baya (a 2011), da fama da sabis za'ayi a Arewa jiragen ruwa yana daya kawai hallakarwa Project 956. "Naci" shi ne flagship na Baltic jiragen ruwa, da kuma "Quick" da aka located a cikin tekun Pacific. Akwai uku kawai daga cikin goma sha bakwai data kasance jirgin gina.

A wannan lokaci, da mafi yawan tsarin da makamai da daraja "Sarich" m. A shirya modernization Project 956 hallaka tare da cruise makamai masu linzami da sake zaci kuma wani sabon iska da kuma makami mai linzami tsaron gida tsarin. Bukatar canji da kuma anti-torpedo tsaron gida. A daidai wannan handling halaye hallaka su da kyau. Kewayon autonomously da 4.5 dubu. Miles, babban gudun da wani iko a kan-jirgin manyan bindigogi karfafa rundunar sojoji zuwa dena da cikakken karbo daga tasoshin daga sabis.

Zamani da kuma fitar da kaya

Biyu ba a kare ba jirgin, samu da kwanciya da sunan "Muhimmin" da "m", sa'an nan sake masa suna "Ekaterinburg" da "Alexander Nevsky", a nuna na shekara dubu da aka kammala da kuma sayar a kasar Sin. The aikin ne a cikin fitarwa yi ya halartar canje-canje da kuma samu lambar 956 E. Names of Sin jiragen ruwa - "Hangzhou" da "Fuzhou", suka kasance daga 2000 zuwa yanzu hidima a matsayin wani ɓangare na Eastern Sojan Ruwa rundunar Mutane ta Liberation Army na kasar Sin. Zamani Project 956 hallaka jerin "E" (fitarwa) da alaka ne kawai ga ikon shuke-shuke da kuma wasu makamai tsarin.

More tsanani canje-canje da aka sanya wadannan raka'a biyu tsara don kasar Sin sojojin ruwa. 956EM hallakarwa aikin ne daban-daban daga cikin gyare-gyaren da "E", a size, anti-jirgin da makamai masu linzami tare da Extended kewayon "Sauro-ME" (suka dauki fitar da hari a radius na 200 km) da kuma sabon anti-aircraft makamai masu linzami da kuma manyan bindigogi raka'a "chestnut". A aft gun firam maye gurbin helikofta rumfar ajiye jiragen sama. Domin wannan aiki, biyu hallaka ( "Taizhou" da "Ningbo") gina a shekarar 2005 da kuma 2006.

Idan sayar da farko kwanoni guda biyu Sin ya bayyana yafi hadaddun kudi halin da ake ciki post-farko zamani, da kwangila ga samar da gaba biyu da za a iya kira waje nasara aiki. A tsakiyar na farko shekaru goma na sabon karni da ta riga shi ba a kan tsarin layin na zamani na Rasha sojoji, ciki har da sojojin ruwa. A wannan lokaci, jirãge aka tsara karin ci-gaba fiye da hallakarwa Project 956, wanda yana da wani photo ake dangantawa da bygone yanayi dazamani. M superstructure da mahara antennas tabbatar bayyanar da fleets karni na karshe. Ba zato ba tsammani, kasar Sin ta ba a rasa ba, ya sayi mai iko ne kuma abin dogara yãƙi raka'a, arin da Navy.