Rubuta Sponges. Features na tsarin da kuma azuzuwan da Sponges

A karkashin ruwa duniya ne don haka bambancin da kuma musamman cewa shi ne, wani lokaci ma wuya na rarrabe shuke-shuke daga dabbobi. Saboda haka m siffofi halittu ne da suke zaune a can. Manyan marine Refayawa da sosai microscopic planktonic crustaceans, m da haske, da yara da kuma herbivores - mahaukaci iri-iri iri na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Daya daga cikin wadannan ban mamaki halittun da suke da wani soso, wanda za a tattauna kara.

janar bayanai

Don faye hali da matsayi na wadannan dabbobi a cikin kwayoyin duniya tsarin, za ka iya:

• Empire - Cell.
• mulkinsa - dabbobin gida.
• Subkingdom - kwayar;
• rubuta - Sponges.

A yau mun san cewa akwai game da 8000 jinsunan. 300 na su zauna cikin sarari na kasar mu da tekuna.

rarrabuwa

Sponges irin hadawa duk aka sani wakilan na hudu manyan azuzuwan.

1. Calcarea, ko lemun tsami. Samar da matsanancin kwarangwal a wani ajali alli salts.
2. Talakawa ko Kremnerogovye. Cif Wakilin - badyaga.
3. Glass (shida-rayed). Class lambar ne kananan.
4. Coral - sosai matalauta aji iri.

Dukan waɗannan Sponges suna da nasu halaye, ba kawai na waje amma kuma ciki tsari, rayuwa da kuma tattalin arziki muhimmanci a rayuwar dan Adam.

external tsarin

Zai yiwu mafi sabon abu a cikin dukan halaye na wadannan dabbobi zasu yi zama kawai cikin matsanancin bayyanar. Features na waje tsarin da soso aka ayyana ta dama jiki siffofi da suke da halayyar su. Saboda haka, wakilan daban-daban azuzuwan iya zama a cikin nau'i na:

• gilashin.
• bowls.
• itace tsarin.

fasali na jiki a cikin nau'i na aure - bipolar axis, a mulkin mallaka - gauraye. Kowane mutum na da musamman lebur tafin kafa, ta wajen wanda aka lazimta wa kasa ko zuwa wani substrate. Sponges ne sau da yawa immobile salon.

A babba sashi na jiki akwai wani musamman rami, wanda ake kira "oskulyum". Yana hidima cire wuce haddi ruwa daga ciki rami. Wajen jiki rufe da shi a Layer na sel - pinakodermoy. Sun yi kama da a cikin tsarin epithelial nama na mafi girma dabbobi.

Duk da haka, akwai kuma rarrabe siffofin - gaban m pores. A tsarin da soso na samar da sha na abinci barbashi ta hanyar saman bude ba, wato ta hanyar mahara iya shiga duk jiki punching cewa zai iya yi mu'ãmalar da kuma fadada.

A karkashin matsanancin Layer aka shirya biyu zuwa la'akari a more daki-daki daga baya. A launi makirci na biyu guda da kuma mulkin mallaka siffofin ne quite bambancin. Akwai da wadannan iri launi:

• m.
• kore.
• m.
• rawaya.
• fari.
• ja.
• ruwan kasa;
• gauraye.

Sponges Buga enliven da karkashin ruwa duniya, sa shi ya fi haske, m kuma m. A wannan yanayin, idan muka yi la'akari daban dauka mutum a ƙasar surface, shi zai zama sosai sha'awar ta: reminiscent na raw hanta brownish m ball, bugu ba quite mai dadi ƙanshi.

A ciki tsarin Wakilai

gini iri Sponges ne irin wannan, ko mutum guda ko a haɗe zuwa mallaka. Nan da nan ƙarƙashin outermost Layer na porous dermal Kwayoyin located musamman intercellular abu kafa isa volumetric daina kai hare hare. Yana loosely shirya Kwayoyin, kuma su siffar ne daban-daban. A masana'anta shi ne a bit kamar kitse a cikin mafi girma da ƙasa Wakilai. Wannan tsari ne da ake kira "mezohil".

A karkashin wannan Layer located cikin wani rami liyi da musamman m Kwayoyin. Wannan gastralnyj Layer. Dukan abinci shi samun a nan, da kuma a nan ya zo da narkewa. All tõzarta tare da wuce haddi ruwa aika zuwa babba jiki orifice da dakatar therethrough zuwa waje.

Har ila yau, tsarin da soso dole hada da wani irin kwarangwal. An kafa daga lemun tsami, phosphate, Organic salts, wanda ake samar a cikin na musamman Kwayoyin mezohila. Yana ba kawai ya ba da jaws wasu jiki siffar, amma kuma yana da muhimmanci da adana inji lalacewar ciki rami.

Halaye na Soso irin zai zama bai cika ba, idan ba babban alama designate wadannan dabbobi - jikinsu yana da kyallen takarda, amma kawai ya hada daban-daban a cikin tsari da kuma tsarin da Kwayoyin, kafa yadudduka. Wannan shi ne babban bambanci tsakanin dabbobi a tambaya daga duk wasu.

Har ila yau ban sha'awa shi ne da ruwa-hali tsarin na mutane. Daban-daban azuzuwan shi yana iya zama zalunci. A total akwai uku main iri shi:

1. ASCON - duk sadarwa tare da waje yanayi ta hanyar wani tsarin na shambura ta hanyar abin da ruwa motsa a cikin wani na musamman cell-cell. A mafi Saukake Aquifer System, wanda aka samu a 'yan kaxan wakilan.
2. Seacon. A mafi m tsarin, hada da wani cibiyar sadarwa na sashe tubules da ducts a guje cikin na musamman-jam'iyya Kwayoyin tare da flagella.
3. Leykon - oskulyumov dukan cibiyar sadarwa, irin wannan aquifer tsarin ne halayyar kawai na mulkin mallaka siffofin. A mafi nagartaccen version na baya dukkan baya wadanda.

Sake bugun, a Sponges auku biyu jima'i da kuma asexually. Jam sel aka kafa a cikin Layer mezohila. A kayayyakin an sa'an nan ta sallami ta hanyar pores na jiki da kuma waje daga ruwa halin yanzu a cikin jiki fall sauran muƙamuƙi, inda hadi faruwa. A sakamakon haka ne zygote, bada Yunƙurin tsutsa. A toya za a iya kira su da sunaye daban: amfiblastuly, parenhimuly, tselloblastuly.

Idan muka magana game da sake yiwuwar tohowarsu, cewa shi dogara ne a kan tsari na budding, watau disconnecting sassa na jiki na bi ta farfadowa daga cikin samarwar Tsarin. Mafiya yawa daga cikin irin Sponges hada hermaphroditic dabbobi.

Features salon

Idan muka yi la'akari da bambancin da kwayar dabbobi na duniya, ya kamata a dangana ga jaws daga cikin mafi m mataki na kungiyar. Duk da haka, shi ne kuma mafi tsoho dabbobi, zai zama akwai mutane da yawa dubban shekaru da suka wuce. A lokacin juyin na su kamfanin, kadan ya canza, suka riƙe su halaye a kan lokaci. Wakilai nau'i na rayuwa yana da biyu bayyananen:

• guda.
• mulkin mallaka.

Mafi sau da yawa samu gungu na m jaws daga cikin murjani reefs. Akwai duka ruwa tare jinsunan (su ne 'yan tsiraru) da kuma mazaunan tekuna da kuma tekuna (ga saran adadin jinsunan kungiyar).

Sponges irin hada da dabbobi da cewa ciyar a kan kananan kwayoyin ko su rage. A tsarin jikinsu da musamman domin kwala cell da flagella. Suna kawai ansu rubuce-rubucen rugujewa abinci gaɓũɓuwa, directing su a ciki paragastralnuyu jiki kogo. Narkewa yana da za'ayi intracellularly.

A Hanyar samar da Sponges abinci za a iya kira m dayansu. Sun zauna idly a kan a haɗe site a jira na tafiya gina jiki barbashi. Sai da lokacin su ne riga sosai kusa, ansu rubuce-rubucen da su ta hanyar da pores da kuma aika tare da ruwa ya kwarara cikin jiki.

Wasu jinsunan ne motsawa, duk da cewa har yanzu suna da tafin kafa ga abin da aka makala ga substrate. Duk da haka, su kudi ne don haka kananan cewa ga dukan rana musamman wuya za ka ci gaba fiye da mita.

A iri-iri na Sponges

Domin irin wannan m dabba bambancin wakilan quite ban sha'awa - a gaskiya akwai game da 8000 jinsunan! Kuma a cewar wasu 'yan bayanai, wannan adadi na gabatowa riga zuwa 9 da dubu. External bambancin saboda bambance-bambance a jiki siffar, launi da kuma irin da kwarangwal na jiki launi mutane (ko mazauna).

Class Glass Sponges

Da ban sha'awa sosai a waje bambancin gilashin Sponges. Su ne ba haka ba yawa kamar sauran, amma da wani sabon abu da kwarangwal. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a jinsunan, wanda ya hada da irin zane. Janar halaye na wakilan wannan aji iya bayyana a 'yan sakin.

1. The Latin sunan aji - Hexactinellida.
2. A kwarangwal ne kafa na silicon mahadi, shi ne saboda haka sosai m.
3. A allura irin hali jiki, wanda aka mamaye shida-nuna tsarin.
4. Larvae irin parenhimuly ko tseloblastuly.
5. Aquifer System irin leykona.
6. Mulkin mallaka sau da yawa fiye da guda form.
7. Wani lokaci har zuwa 50 cm tsawo.

Mafi na kowa wakilan ne, kamar:

• hialonema Siebold.
• euplektella.

Class Talakawa ko Kremnerogovye, Sponges

Sponges irin photo na wakilan wanda za a iya gani a cikin wannan labarin kuma ya hada da mafi yawa a kan yawan mutane na aji - Kremnerogovye, ko Common. Yana samu da sunan ga wani musamman tsarin kwarangwal - shi kunshi silica da spongina. Taurin quite m da kuma sauƙi hallaka. A siffar da kwarangwal na needles ne sosai bambancin:

• sprocket.
• anga.
• mace.
• kaifi needles da sauransu.

Mafi na kowa ruwa tare da wakilin wani ruwa tare soso - soso, amfani da matsayin nuna alama daga cikin tsarki na ruwa jiki. Azahiri sha'awar ta, kala ruwan kasa da launin ruwan kasa, wani lokacin datti-rawaya. Amfani da mutum ga wani iri-iri bukatun.

Abin da sauran wakilan aka samu tsakanin talakawa Sponges?

1. Miksily.
2. Halichondriidae.
3. Baikal soso.
4. Marine goge.
5. Giant hondrokladiya da sauransu.

Class calcareous soso

Yana hada wakilai daga ciwon da karfi da kuma kyau calcareous kwarangwal. Samuwa ne kawai a cikin teku, da tekuna. Canza launi ne kodadde ko ba ya nan. kwarangwal needles iya zama game da uku haskoki. Key wakilan: Ascona, Seacon, leukandry.

Class Soso Coral

Mafi 'yan wakilan cewa kama murjani rassan. Wannan na faruwa saboda da samuwar wani iko calcareous kwarangwal na launi daban-daban da kuma patterned tsarin.

Wakilai geratoporella Nicholson, Merlot. Kamar yadda aka bayyana, kawai shida jinsunan wadannan dabbobi. Ga wani dogon lokaci ba su bambanta daga tsarin na murjani reefs, don haka suka gano gwada da kwanan nan.

Amfani Sponges mutum

Muhimmanci darajar tattalin arziki na mutane da na ga irin zane. Wakilai a yi amfani da wadannan bukatun:

1. Shin mahalarta a cikin abinci sarkar, kamar yadda su da kansu suna abinci ga dabbobin da yawa.
2. Amfani da mutane domin yin kyau kayan ado ga jiki da kuma ciki daga gidan.
3. Dauke da abubuwa kunna su amfani ga likita dalilai (bodyaga ya mamaye soso bruising da kuma rauni waraka sakamako).
4. Suna amfani da su haifar da wani hygienic Sponges - Halitta halitta kayayyakin ga kayan shafawa masana'antu.
5. Amfani a cikin aikin injiniya da kuma sauran dalilai.