The yawan Gabashin Turai. Taƙaitaccen bayanin mafi girma a jihohi a yankin

Turai - na duniya, located in Northern Hemisphere da janareta da Asia nahiyar Eurasia. A da karkararta a hukumance gane 46 jihohin da 5 da shari'ã. M raba Turai hudu sassa: gabas da yamma, kudu da arewa. An bayyani na yawan Gabashin Turai da kuma kasashen da ta samar da shi, za a gabatar da hankali a kan.

Halaye na Gabashin Turai

A kan ci gaban Gabashin Turai da aka sosai karfi da tasiri da ɓangaren da na haske. Tarihi, da yankin na al'amarin ne a jamsin na biyu takaddama ƙungiyõyin. Kawai a karshe shekaru 100, da shaci na kasashen Turai sun canja sau da yawa. Wasu kasashe sun bace, wasu kuwa ta bayyana. Duk wadannan matakai suna babu makawa bar scars a kan tattalin arziki da kuma siyasa.

Kasashen gabashin Turai da matakin na ci gaban tattalin arziki ne m fiye da na yammacin "makwabta." Duk da haka, kamar yadda kasashen da halin wani babban matakin kabilanci da al'adu ainihi. Yawan Eastern Turai yawan 135 mutane miliyan.

gabashin Turai

Geographers gudanar kafin line raba gabashi da yammacin Turai, a kan iyakar da Slavic jihohi, haka ranked a matsayin Gabashin Turai, da Slavs. Amma bayan yakin duniya na II, a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya gudanar da wani sabon iyaka a yankin, bisa ga abin da wani ɓangare na Gabashin Turai hada 9 kasashe da wani ɓangare na Rasha.

Kasashen Gabashin Turai:

1. Ukraine.
2. Poland.
3. Jamhuriyar Czech.
4. Romania.
5. Belarus.
6. Hungary.
7. Bulgaria.
8. Slovakia.
9. Moldova.

A total number of yawan jama'a a Gabashin Turai da ka riga sani. Mafi yawa daga cikin mazaunan sun mayar da hankali a Ukraine da kuma Poland. A talakawan yawa na yawan jama'a a Gabashin Turai - mutane 30 da murabba'in kilomita.

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, duk da kasashen da aka jera a sama, ko ta wani hanya zo a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da Tarayyar Soviet, a gaskiya, da shi ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin canja wurin da iyakoki na yankin. Dukkan jihohin Gabashin Turai ne kawai uku ba Slavic - shi ne Romania, Hungary da kuma Moldova.

Kusan duk kasashe na gabashin Turai suna fuskantar mai kasawa na ma'adanai, ko da yake wannan yankin a matsayin dukan ba matalauci ba ne albarkatun. Gaskiyar cewa akwai wani gaggawa bukatar "incompleteness" albarkatun (a cikin kowace kasa, manyan hannun jari na daya ko biyu daga albarkatun ma'adinai da babu sauran). Kada ku ba su zo da halin da ake ciki zuwa ga wani m tattalin arziki da yawa sufuri hanyoyi da cewa ratsa cikin yankin, da kuma wani aiki cinikayya tsakanin kasashen biyu.

Ya furta kansu su ne sosai daban-daban daga juna a size, yawan, misali daga mai rai, yanayi da sauransu. D. Samu bayyananne hoto na yankin, la'akari kawai da wasu daga cikinsu, ba shi yiwuwa.

Jamhuriyar Czech

Jamhuriyar Czech - a kananan kasar tare da yawan jama'a na 11 da mutane miliyan (7% na yawan na Gabashin Turai). Yawan ne kusan canzawa a cikin kusan shekaru ashirin. Post-yaki ganiya na Jamhuriyar Czech yawan kai a shekarar 1991, lokacin da akwai wani kwari dakushe yawan.

Tun shekara ta 2006, yawan mutanen jihar ne a hankali ya karu, sun fi mayar saboda Baƙi daga cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet. A marigayi 2008, misali, a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech da bin doka rayu kusan 500 da dubu. Baƙi. Mafi yawansu sun kasance baƙi daga Ukraine (31%), Slovakia (17%), kazalika da Poland, Rasha da kuma Vietnam. K'abilan Biyetnam (13%), Rasha (6%), dogayen sanda (5%) da kuma Jamus (4%). Sauran 24% - sauran kasashe.

A babban ɓangare na yawan - 70% - matasa da kuma balagagge mutane masu shekaru 25 zuwa shekaru 50, 13% ne yara a karkashin shekaru 15, da sauran na yawan - 16% - mazan. A coefficient na jimlar alƙaluma da kaya domin Czech Republic ne 42,4%. Wannan yana nufin cewa yawan m-bodied jama'a kusan sau biyu, da yawan waɗanda suka yi, ko su ba su iya aiki da kuma tallafawa kansu da kansu. The jariri kaya (da rabo daga cikin yawan yara a karkashin shekaru 15 da haihuwa ga yawan balagaggu) daidai da 19% na fensho (da rabo daga cikin yawan fansho a iya-bodied 'yan ƙasa) - 23%.

National abun da ke ciki na Jamhuriyar Czech a 95% aka wakilta kabilanci Czechs. Wannan ya hada kai tsaye Czechs (81.3%), kazalika da mutane daga Silesia da Moravia (13.7%).

Poland

Poland ne mai matukar addini kasa, ba kawai a yankin amma kuma cikin Turai. Na 39 da mutane miliyan (wanda yake shi ne 29% na yawan jama'ar, wanda shi ne yawan mutanen Gabashin Turai), 85% ne Roman Katolika. Kamar Czech Republic, Poland an dauke su da kyau ga masu yawon shakatawa. Jawo hankalin matafiya low farashin, babban adadin na da gidãjen, da kuma dadi abinci.

A tsakiyar karni na karshe, Poland aka fuskantar da karfi tattalin arziki ƙi, wanda aka shafi da ingancin rayuwa, na yawan jama'ar. Duk da haka, bayan shiga cikin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da kuma yin gyare-gyare da za'ayi a cikin 90s, a jihar ya fara wani m hawan. A lokacin Poland ne daya daga cikin gaggawa girma kasashe a Turai. Yana janyo hankalin babban adadin ma'aikata muhajirai daga Ukraine.

YAWAN JAMA'A da Poland rincabewa tun da kasar ta Accession da Tarayyar Turai. Dalilin shi da taro hijirarsa na aiki shekaru yawan jama'a a cikin mafi raya ƙasashe (a wancan lokacin) jiha. A sakamakon haka, rage haihuwa kudi, akwai ta kasance an shekara-shekara dakushe yawan jama'a, ko kananan (-0.06).

Amma ga kasa abun da ke ciki, Poland ne daya daga cikin mafi daya-kabilanci jihohi a duniya. 97% na yawan la'akari da kansu Dogayen sanda da sauran kasashe wakilta Roma, Jamus, Ukrainian kuma Belarusians.

Romania

Romania - masana'antu kasa da bunkasa tattalin arziki. Babban girmamawa a cikin tattalin arzikin, a jihar sa da man fetur (wanda shi ne a nan a yalwace), kuma high quality-matata kayan aiki. Kusan 60% na yawan - iya-bodied 'yan ƙasa. Daga cikin wadannan, 40% suna aiki a cikin sabis na kansu, 30% - a aikin noma, kuma wannan a cikin masana'antu kansu.

A Romania yau lura dakushe yawan jama'a. Babban dalilin da korau alƙaluma mamaki dauke migratory outflow. Alal misali, a 1991, da dakushe yawan (hijirarsa) lissafta ga 18%, a 2001 - 25%, kuma a shekarar 2007, bayan da kasar ta Accession da Tarayyar Turai - 22%. A cikin 'yan shekaru, hijirarsa asara ko ta yaya rufe Baƙi daga Moldova, wanda massively zo a Romania don baiwa kabila. Duk da haka, tare da 2013th kasar ba sami halitta hijirarsa karuwa.

Ukraine

Ukraine - masana'antu-agrarian kasar, inda kawai a kan miliyan 40 da mazaunanta. Karni na ashirin kasa hadu tare da mafi rates na yawan girma a Turai. A da ƙarfin da tasiri a nan gaba farko da kuma yakin duniya na biyu, yakin basasa, da rushewar Tarayyar Soviet da kuma rikicin siyasa, wanda ya fara a 2014, aka ba su kammala sai yanzu. A halin da ake ciki tare da yawan ne ba da mafi kyau.

Hungary

Hungary - a kananan kasar da samun saurin bunkasuwar tattalin arziki. The main mayar da hankali a jihar da aka yi a kan inji aikin injiniya da kuma masana'antu. Yawan jama'a a 2013 ya miliyan 9. Yawan 'yan ƙasa yake sannu-sannu girma, ko da yake akwai wani mummunan halitta karuwa.

Power na daya-kabilanci yawan ne daban-daban, saboda yawancin mazaunan ne Hungarians. Muhimmanci lambobi na Hungarian al'umma mai rai, kuma ta kasashe makwabta.

Bulgaria

Bulgaria - a kananan kasar tare da mai rauni da tattalin arziki, da yawan kadan fiye da miliyan 7 (5% na yawan na Gabashin Turai). Bulgaria ta tattalin arzikin ya samu da yawa ban mamaki lokacin da a yanzu shi ne a ƙi. A kasar na da reserves na ci da kuma iskar gas, in general, da albarkatun da suke da matukar bai isa ba. Bulgaria sa mai girma girmamawa a kan aikin noma (musamman taba da kuma ruwan inabi).

Mafi yawa daga cikin al'ummar zaune a birane, ko da yake yawan birane mazauna a baya ya girma sosai a hankali. The saran adadin jama'a aiki a cikin sabis na kansu, kadan kasa - a cikin masana'antu kansu. Kawai 10% na yawan tsunduma a aikin noma.

Slovakia

Slovakia - a kananan kasar tare da wani yawan kawai 5 mutane miliyan (game da 4% na Kudu-Eastern Turai yawan). A kasar da aka dauke su a gwada more ci gaba. Barga rates na ci gaban jihar nuna a cikin yawan - halitta girma kudi a 2016, misali, amounted zuwa 5.2 dubu mutane ..

Bugu da kari , kasar ne daban-daban, da kuma na kasa abun da ke ciki: a Slovakia don fiye da 15 gundumomi da wani babban taro na Hungarian yawan jama'a, da kuma Rasha-magana 'yan asalin rayuwa, yafi a cikin Prešov yankin. Slovaks sa up 85% na yawan jama'ar, sauran kabilu ana wakilta kasashe:

• Hungary (10%).
• Roma (2%).
• Czechs (0.8%).
• Rasha da kuma Ukrainian (0.6%).
• sauran al'ummai (1.4%).

Moldova

Moldova - a kasar tare da mafi ƙasƙanci lambar a Gabashin Turai. Bisa ga latest kimomi, gida ce kawai a kan 3 da mutane miliyan. Shi ne kawai 2% na yawan na Gabashin Turai. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan kasa ne sosai high yawan yawa. Shi ne 131 mutane da murabba'in kilomita. Wannan shi ne mafi girma yawan yawa a Gabashin Turai.

Yawan 'yan asalin an rage tun da nineties. Ko da yake, a cewar statistics, 15 ga 12 haife matattu. Yawan mazauna Moldova rage-rage saboda hijirarsa - da yawa 'yan ƙasa shirya gwada su luck kasashen waje.

A tattalin arziki ne sosai rauni a kasar, da babban girmamawa a kan aikin gona, inda shi shagaltar da wani babban bangare na al'ummar (65%). Ma'adanai a jihar akwai kadan, don haka da cewa albarkatun da za a saya, yafi a kasashe makwabta. Duk da manyan yawan jan hankali, yawon shakatawa ne underdeveloped.

Belarus

Belarus - a kasa na matsakaici size tare da wani yawan miliyan 10 mutane. Power tattalin arzikin da aka gina a kan tushen da zamantakewa fuskantarwa. Da girmamawa da yake a kan haske masana'antu, aikin noma da kuma aikin injiniya.

Yawan jama'a na kasar a halin yanzu tsaye a 9.5 mutane miliyan. Yawan mutuwar wuce yawan haihuwar da na dogon lokaci. Belarus yawan haƙuri ki tun 1993. A babban ɓangare na yawan aka zaune a birane (67%), a yau wannan adadi har ma mafi girma - 76%.

A tsawon rayuwar jama'a a kasar ne shekaru 72. Wannan shi ne da ɗan fi a makwabtaka da Rasha da Ukraine, amma da yawa m, fiye da kasashen Turai.