BusinessMasana'antu

Robobi da kuma su aikace-aikace. robobi porosity

Daban-daban iri robobi samar da isasshe dama ga halittar wasu Tsarin da aka gyara. Yana da daidaituwa ba wadannan abubuwa aka yi amfani a fannoni daban daban: daga aikin injiniya da kuma rediyo aikin injiniya zuwa magani da kuma aikin noma. Bututu da aka gyara domin kayan aiki, insulating kayan, housings ga kayan da iyali abubuwa - wani babba jerin abin da za a iya halitta daga roba.

Babban iri

Robobi da kuma su yi amfani da tushen a kan abin da polymers underlie - halitta ko roba. Suna hõre zafi, matsa lamba, sa'an nan yin gyare-gyaren articles sãɓãwar launukansa wuya. Babban abu ne cewa a lokacin da wadannan jan don kiyaye nau'i na ƙãre samfurin. All robobi ne thermoplastic, cewa shi ne reversible, kuma thermosetting (komowar).

Reversible zama roba a ƙarƙashin rinjayar kara dumama da kuma matsa lamba, tare da m canje-canje a cikin abun da ke ciki ba faruwa. A matsawa kuma ya riga ya zama wani m samfurin ne ko da yaushe zai yiwu zuwa laushi da kuma ba shi siffar. Known iri irin roba (thermoplastic) kamar polyethylene kuma polystyrene. Origin ne resistant zuwa lalata, da kuma dielectric Properties. A ta da asali kerarre bututu, fina-finai, zanen gado, shi ne yadu amfani matsayin insulating abu.

Na styrene zuwa polystyrene

A sakamakon Polymerization na styrene ya shirye polystyrene. Daga shi a nan gaba haifar da sassa daban-daban a kan tushen da zaben 'yan wasa, ko kuma latsa. Irin wannan robobi suna yadu amfani da samar da manyan sassa da kuma kayayyakin, kamar refrigerators ko abubuwa ga dakunan wanka. Daga cikin thermosetting robobi sukan yi amfani da pressporoshki, laminates, fiber karfafa roba, wanda za a iya kara sarrafa su sami sassa daban-daban.

Robobi - sosai sauki don amfani da, a kan tushen da wanda ka iya haifar da wani yawa na kayayyaki. Dangane da thermal Properties suna da wadannan iri robobi :

  1. Danna maɓalli. Shi ne mafi m hanya na samun kayayyakin daga thermosetting kayan. Gyare-gyaren da aka za'ayi a musamman kyawon tsayuwa a karkashin high yanayin zafi da kuma matsa lamba.
  2. Allura lokacin gyare-gyaren. Wannan hanya ya sa ya yiwu don ƙirƙirar kayayyakin na daban-daban siffofi. Domin wannan na musamman tankuna cika da zubi roba. aiwatar da kanta ne halin high yawan aiki da kuma yadda ya dace.
  3. Extrusion. Ta hanyar irin wannan aiki sami mutane da yawa irin na roba kayayyakin, kamar bututu, yarns, igiya, fina-finan na daban-daban ayyuka.
  4. Hurawa. Wannan hanya - cikakken damar haifar da wani samfurin na girma form, wadda za ta yi a kabu a kan tabo rufe na mold.
  5. Stamping. Wannan hanya kayayyakin an halitta daga roba zanen gado da faranti da musamman siffofi.

Polymerization Features

A roba za a iya samu ta hanyar Polymerization da polycondensation. A cikin farko idan da monomer kwayoyin suna da nasaba da samar da wata polymer sarkar ba tare da saki na ruwa da kuma barasa, a karo na biyu - da-kayayyakin an kafa, ba a ɗaure da polymer. Hanyoyi daban-daban da kuma iri daban-daban robobi Polymerization shi yiwuwa a sami qagaggun abin da ya bambanta sa hannu Properties. An muhimmiyar rawa a wannan tsari aka buga da daidai da yawan zafin jiki da kuma zafi na dauki ga gyare-gyaren abun da ke ciki polymerize yadda ya kamata. A Polymerization yana da muhimmanci a kula da saura monomer - fiye da da karami, mafi abin dogara da kuma šauki tsawon in aiki zai zama roba.

porosity

Idan Polymerization halaye an keta, shi zai iya kai wa ga lahani a gama kayayyakin. Su kumfa bayyana, saki da kuma ya karu ciki danniya. Akwai daban-daban na roba porosity:

  1. Gas. Yana auku saboda Polymerization yanayin da aka keta, da kuma benzoyl peroxide tafasa. Idan gas pores aka kafa a cikin kauri daga cikin prosthesis, shi ake bukata don canza.
  2. Granular porosity auku saboda wuce haddi polymer foda, danshin na monomer daga surface daga cikin kayan ingancin ko kasa hadawa da roba abun da ke ciki.
  3. A porosity na matsawa. Ya auku, saboda rage girma daga cikin polymerizing taro a karkashin sakamakon da kasa matsa lamba ko rashin da gyare-gyaren abun da ke ciki.

Abin da ya yi la'akari?

Ya kamata ka san abin da iri robobi ne porosity, kuma su hana lahani a karshe samfurin. Wajibi ne a kula da kananan porosity a farfajiya na prosthesis. Wannan ya faru saboda ma manyan adadin da monomer, cikinsa da porosity ba hõre polishing. Idan, yayin lokacin aiki tare da roba kafa ciki saura danniya, da samfurin zai crack. Irin wannan yanayi ya taso saboda da Polymerization yanayin da suka faru, a lokacin da abu ya yi tsayi a cikin wani ruwa mai zãfi.

A cikin wani hali, da tabarbarewar da inji Properties na polymer kayan a karshen take kaiwa zuwa tsufa, amma saboda samar da fasaha zama dole don cika cikakken.

Basic roba - abin da yake da shi?

An fito da kayan yadu a yi amfani da sarrafa daga sansanonin m farantin prostheses. A mafi rare iri na asali robobi ne roba tushe. Mass ga sansanonin, yawanci a hade da foda da kuma ruwa. Idan an gauraye, da gyare-gyaren abun da ke ciki da aka halitta wadda ta taurare spontaneously ko a karkashin dumama. Dangane da kayan da aka samu zafi-magance ko kai-hardening. Don asali robobi zafi Polymerization sun hada da:

  • Etacryl (AKP-15).
  • akrel.
  • ftoraks.
  • Akron.

Materials don ƙirƙirar hakoran roba ne m robobi, wanda ake bukata a matsayin mai taushi buga-mamaye gammaye ga sansanonin. Dole ne su zama hadari ga jiki, tabbatattun da alaka da tushe daga cikin prosthesis, kula da sassauci da kuma akai girma. Daga cikin irin wannan robobi eladent lura da cewa an rufi to total prosthesis, kuma ortoksil wanda aka samu dangane da siloxane resins.

kayan gini

The main iri robobi suna amfani a fannoni daban daban na yi, dangane da abun da ke ciki. A mafi m kayan hada da wadannan:

  1. Polymer kankare. Wannan kumshin guduro, wanda aka halitta a kan tushen da thermosetting polymers. A mafi kyau cikin sharuddan jiki da kuma inji Properties na polymer kankare suna dauke a kan tushen da epoxy resins. Brittleness daga cikin kayan da aka cika da fibrous fillers - asbestos, gilashin zaruruwa. Polymer kankare ana amfani da su haifar Tsarin da suke da resistant zuwa sunadarai.
  2. GRP - zamani iri yi robobi, waxanda suke da zanen gado na gilashi zaruruwa, yadudduka, linkable polymer. Fiberglass aka halitta a kan tushen da niyya ko yankakken zaruruwa da yadudduka ko mats.
  3. Floor kayan. Suna gabatar da daban-daban da kuma zhidkovyazovyh yi shafi qagaggun dangane polymers. A gini ne yadu amfani linoleum a kan tushen da PVC, tare da mai kyau thermal da kuma Ft Irfan rufi yi. Sumul mastic kasa za a iya halitta bisa feed cakuda da oligomers.

Roba da kuma ta sa alama

Akwai 5 iri robobi, wanda da su nadi:

  1. Polyethylene terephthalate (Pete yana da wasika alama ko so). Halin da ya dace da kuma m aikace-aikace: amfani ga adanar daban-daban abubuwan sha, mai, kayan shafawa.
  2. High yawa polyethylene (HDPE ko koyon yadda PE HD). The abu ne halin da ya dace, da sauƙi, jure zafin jiki canje-canje. Yana amfani ga yi na yarwa tableware, kwantena ga abinci ajiya bags, toys.
  3. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC ko alama kamar V). Daga wannan abu ne taga bayanan martaba, furniture sassa, Film don dakatar da ceilings, bututu, dabe da kuma more. Saboda abun ciki na bisphenol A, vinyl chloride, polyvinyl phthalates ba amfani a samar da kayayyakin (kwantena, cookware da kuma kama. P.) Domin adanar abinci.
  4. Polyethylene (LDPE ko sa alama PEBD). Wannan low-cost kayan amfani a samar da bags, datti bags, linoleum da kuma fayafayan CD.
  5. Propylene (PP yana alphabetic lakabtawa). Daban-daban ƙarfi, zafi juriya, dace domin samar da abinci kwantena, abinci marufi, toys, syringes.

Popular iri roba - polystyrene da polycarbonate. Suna amfani da ko'ina a daban-daban da masana'antu.

Fields na aikace-aikace

Daban-daban iri robobi suna amfani da daban-daban da masana'antu. A wannan yanayin, da bukatun da su game da wannan - sauƙi na aiki da kuma aminci. Bari mu bincika iri thermoplastics da su ikon yinsa.

roba

bigiren

Polyethylene (high da kuma low matsa lamba)

Yi na marufi, unloaded inji sassa da kuma kayan aiki, lokuta, inuwõyi, An harbi.

polystyrene

Production na kayan aiki, rufi fina-finai, stiropiana.

propylene

Yadu amfani a samar da bututu, mota sassa, aka gyara domin refrigeration.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Production da sunadarai kayan aiki, bututu, sassa daban-daban, marufi, dabe.

polycarbonates

Production na daidaici inji sassa, kayan aiki, rediyo da kuma lantarki aikin injiniya.

Thermosetting robobi (tebur)

material

bigiren

phenoplasts

Ana amfani da su haifar da kayayyakin haberdashery (mashiga, da sauransu. P.), Ashtrays, matosai, kwasfansu, enclosures rediyo da tarho.

amino

Amfani ga yi na adhesives domin itace, lantarki sassa, haberdashery, na bakin ciki coatings don ado, kumfa kayan.

Steklovoloknity

Amfani a cikin yi da ikon lantarki sassa a inji aikin injiniya, manyan-sized kayayyakin da sauki siffofin (gawawwakin motoci, jiragen ruwa, kayan da kamar enclosures).

polyesters

Bisa polyesters ne ceto jirgin, mota sassa, furniture, kabad gliders da kuma jirage masu saukar ungulu, corrugated zanen gado for rufi, rufi fitilu, masts for antennas, kayan gudun kan da kuma sanduna, kama kifi da sandunansu, aminci kwalkwali, da misãlinsa.

epoxy

Ana amfani da matsayin insulating abu a lantarki da inji, gidajen wuta (as high ƙarfin lantarki rufi) da kuma sauran apparatuses a samar da ƙarfafa tarho, rediyo kayan aiki (don buga kewaye ƙiren ƙarya).

maimakon a ƙarshe

A halin yanzu labarin da muka dube iri robobi da kuma su aikace-aikace. Lokacin amfani da wadannan kayan yana dauke da al'amurra da dama, kama daga jiki da kuma inji Properties da kuma halaye kammala aikin. A duk da ta kudin roba yana da wani isasshen matakin da aminci, wanda da yawa broadens da ikon yinsa, daga cikin aikace-aikace.

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