A haske dakaru tank T-18: yi halaye, fama amfani

A cikin marigayi twenties karni na ashirin da ya zo da farko Soviet tankuna, ciki har da wani haske dakaru tank T-18 (MS-1), wanda aka farko ci gaba a kasar, dangane da Faransa FT-17 da kuma ta Italian gyara. Name (rubuta) tsaye kawai. Letter "T" suturta da ainihin kalmar "tank". T-18 - wani index inda goma sha takwas - serial number na ci gaba da irin. Na biyu na ta sunan - MS-1 - a cikin Soviet kafofin ma ya auku quite sau da yawa tsaye ga "low goyon baya", da adadi - shi ne wani index na nuna na farko model a cikin wannan aji.

labarin

A yakin basasa ya kawo Red Army da yawa trophies, daga abin da suke White Guard tankuna Faransa samar. Su hankali karatu da kuma ko da saki wasu lokaci a Sormovo factory, kiran da kansa zũriyarmu, "Reno-Rasha." Duk da haka, akwai mulki devastation shi dandana tattalin arziki matsaloli, amma saboda mafi sau tsirar wadannan tankuna birgima. Musamman cewa tuni har laymen fahimci cewa wannan tsarin shi ne muhimmanci m da kuma bukatar su yi shirin yaki da sabon aukuwa.

Tun shekara ta 1925, wannan kuma ya dauki na farko Soviet zanen kaya. tank masana'antu kwarewa, "Reno-Rasha", ba shakka, ɗauke shi zuwa lissafi. Bayan da Tarayyar Soviet-Polish yaki ya kawo wani ganima, wanda ya taimaka wajen haifar da da T-18. A da Italian sulke abin hawa - Fiat-3000. Kuma wannan tank an yi karatu a cikin shakka daga shirya fasaha takardun for tank T-18, da ya fi kyau halaye da aka aro. Duk da haka, na karshe gwaje-gwaje a kan prototypes kewayon saukar da wani fairly manyan yawan dukan ƙarara, musamman da shasi da engine. Saboda haka, T-16 da aka ƙi, disadvantages a cikin account, kuma a shekara ta 1927 akwai fiye da nasara gyare-gyare - da T-18.

gwaje-gwaje kammala

Kananan rakiya da tank aka gwada a watan Yuni 1927. Da gwaje-gwaje sun nasara, kuma a farkon watan Yuli, wani haske tank T-18 soma da Red Army. Mun kira shi da MC-1, watau, a kananan tank goyon baya. Daga Fabrairu 1928 ya fara ta taro samar, wanda ke tsunduma a cikin factory "Bolshevik", kuma shi dade har zuwa karshen shekarar 1931.

Production proschadi dauki wani sabon haske tank - da T-26, wanda kuma ya yi nufin su goyi bayan dakaru. Domin duk wadannan shekaru (daga 1928 zuwa 1932) da shi da aka saki ba ma 'yan kofe na farko inji na Soviet ci gaba - kusan dubu, su zama daidai - 959. A farko tank - da T-18 da kuma T-26 - cika da manufa - su zama na farko. Duk da haka, da suka samu ko da a cikin filayen yakin duniya na II.

Shigarwa da kuma aiki

A farko tankuna da dukan zane m ya, ba shakka, aro daga waje masana'antun. A kewaye tsari yana da classic domin lokaci. Rabuwa da engine da kaya yana kan tsananta a ƙwanso, da kuma a kan talakawan, da gaban ofisoshin da kuma gidaje a cikin hasumiyar sanya management na tanki da makamai.

Soviet tank T-18 ba ya bukatar yawa ƙungiya a wani yaki tare da shi jimre mutane biyu: kwamandan - ya ke turret sojan igwa - da kuma wani direba. A karshen shi ne a cibiyar na jiki, da kuma kibiya kwamandan - a cikin ƙwanso da turret, bayan da direban. Embarkation da disembarkation aka sanya ta cikin ƙyanƙyashe naman kaza-hula, tanã fita a sama da hasumiya, da kuma makaniki iya amfani da bicuspid ƙyanƙyashe, wanda aka located a kan gidaje gaban.

makamai

Armor ba da karfi, shi ne da kariya daga keya (matsakaici zamo bindiga) da kuma daga kananan wani ɓaɓɓake, tun da tank da aka ɓullo da a kan manufa na kariya daga bulletproof. ajiyar form rakiyar tankuna a lokacin da game da wannan: kaifi mataki, ba tare da wani Ƙididdigar. Armoured jiki hada da takardar karfe goma sha shida millimeters m, duk zanen gado da aka riveted da kuma tsakanin kansu, kuma tare da firam.

Aft bronelisty lazimta da firam da kusoshi kawai don haka suka za a iya sauƙi cire idan ya cancanta. A kasa na tanki da kuma rufin da aka karfafa rabin kasa - a can aka yi amfani da karfe takardar kasa da takwas millimeters lokacin farin ciki. Hasumiyar da kusan yau da kullum heksagon siffar. Tun 1930, shi azurta wani alkuki a cikin tsananin - zuwa tashar. Ulla turret makamai zanen gado sun goma sha shida millimeters, amma rufin da aka saba da iska buga ya ba - shi ne a karfe ne ba fiye da hudu millimeters. A frontal ɓangare na hasumiyar da loopholes shigar da sabis. Ball hali yarda hasumiyar don ya juya, amma ya yi haka shi ne kawai zai yiwu da hannu, kuma wannan da hannu a tank kwamandan.

makamai

Duk wani pre-yaki tanki, tare da wani zamani ra'ayi, aka talauci sanye take. Duk da haka, a lokacin da tank karye zarce da yawa daga cikin abokan aiki daga wasu ƙasashe. Da farko, babban makamai na T-18 da aka talatin da bakwai zamo gun Hotchkiss model an sa'an nan ta ci gaba ta P. Syachintovym gun Hotchkiss-MS. Na shigar da shi a cikin dama ko hagu fuska hasumiyar. Ammonium kunshi tasa'in da shida da makamai masu linzami, baya karu zuwa ɗari da hudu (stockpiled ammonium a cikin tsananin - maimakon rediyo).

Bugu da kari, shi da karin makamai, wanda aiki a matsayin wata gun Fedorov zamo 6.6 mm. Yawancin lokaci guda biyu biyu inji bindigogi da kuma aka shigar a gun-free fuska hasumiyar. Sun dogara akwatin mujallar, a cikin abin da akwai 1800 akai-akai. Ko bayan 1935 inji bindigogi a kan T-18 da aka maye gurbinsu da wani dt-29 (7.62). Da farko ma guda biyu, sa'an nan daya bayan daya. A harsasai da aka yanzu 2016 akai-akai a talatin da biyu woje.

engine

Powerplant huhu tank T-18 aiki a matsayin wata hudu-bugun jini línea hudu-Silinda fetur engine Mikulino zanen. Engine sanyaya ya iska. Its ikon bai wuce talatin da biyar horsepower.

Bayan 1930, a sa'i engine iya matsi da ikon arba'in, wanda kara da motsi a kan babbar hanya (iyakar gudu daga cikin tanki da aka kamar yadda ashirin da biyu kilomita awa!). A engine aka shigar transversely a cikin engine-watsa sashe, wannan sanya shi yiwuwa a dan kadan rage tsawon na ƙwanso. Fuel tankuna a yawan biyu da wani girma daga cikin dukan ɗari da goma da lita. Suna sanya shi a cikin maharibai nadgusenichnyh.

watsa

Duk da haka, engine da kuma watsa ta farko Soviet tankuna saduwa da bukatun mafi m na zamaninsa. Light Transmission T-18 da aka mai inji irin da kunshi raka'a kuma hanyoyin:

1. Babban guda-faifai kama, aiki a kan sandararriyar gogayya.

2. The uku-mataki manual gearbox.

3. Slewing kaya (bevel bambanci irin).

4. biyu tef birki hidima ga braking da kuma juya.

5. The biyu-jere gefen watsa, saka a cikin cibiya na drive ƙafafun.

shasi

Shasi tank for dakaru goyon bayan hada a garesu na sloths, tuki ƙafafun, tallafawa goma sha huɗu nunka roba rollers na kananan diamita da shida kuma rubberized biyu support rollers. Bayan 1930, a cikin zane ya bayyana a kowane gefe na hudu goyon bayan nadi. Rear rollers katange a kan biyu rockers, dakatar a tsaye cylindrical spring casings kare.

Front goyon bayan nadi da aka saka raba liba, da alaka da gaban dakatar da damping karkata spring. Karfe marẽmari ma da biyu ko uku gaban support rollers. Larvae aka shirya daga simintin karfe - manyan raka'a tare da alkawari kunya. Hamsin da daya truck ya kowane hanya, truck nisa - ɗari uku millimeters.

A farko yaki

Light tankuna T-18 iso a cikin Red Army a farkon shekara 1928, doukomplektovyvaya Army dakaru raka'a daban-daban soja gundumomi. Baftisma da sabon mota ya da wani rikici a kan CER. A watan Nuwamba, 1929 shi ya fara Mishanfusskaya m, wanda mu dakaru goyon sau goma tankuna T-18. Battle aka riga da an m Maris, harsasai tankuna kasa samar da al'ada, ko da maps na yankin ba su da mayakan.

Duk da haka, Sin matsayi da aka kai hari, kuma babu T-18 da aka ba a rasa ba, ko da m motsi a general sa'a Red Army ga wani wadãtar. Amma ga wadannan tank fadace-fadace zama mai kyau gwajin, wanda aka saukar ba kawai abũbuwan amfãni, amma kuma ko rashin amfani wannan na'ura. Babban lahani huhu tank T-18 da aka gano a low gudun motsi da sosai kadan firepower. Amma a total, da kuma tankunan yaki da motocin dakon zarekomendavali kyau, da kuma rikici kan CER gabatar da hujja.

The Great Patriotic War

Musamman sawa da kuma frankly m T-18 tankuna hadu da Great Patriotic War. A kananan ɓangare daga gare su shiga sabis a tank raka'a, da kuma sauran an ba da garu yankin. Panzerwaffe mummunan samu a kan iyakar ta faɗa da kusan defenseless ta Soviet tankuna. A farkon watanni na yaki kusan duk T-18 da aka kone su.

A karshe ambaci yin amfani da su a cikin fama dekabrom kwanan wata daga 1941, lokacin da suka kare Moscow: Daya ɗari da hamsin tank birged yana tara inji T-18. Tsohon kyau haske tankuna zuwa karshen hamsin aiki a matsayin na kullum da kuma wuta da maki matsayin USAID a cikin Far East. Wani lokaci ne kawai amfani da su hasumiyarki.

Me T-18?

A cikin shekaru bayan da yakin basasa, Soviet Rasha, kamar yadda aka ce, cin nasara da mugayen devastation, shi ne a fili ba har zuwa samar da tankuna. Kamar yadda muka tuna, da sabuntawa da kuma ci gaban da tattalin arzikin da aka je jayayya, sabili da haka, ta hanyar da tsakiyar twenties, muna magana ne game da soja da makamai na zamani. A 1926, kamar yadda muka riga sani, an soma da tank-gini shirin tsara don shekaru uku.

Shirin samar da ga m shirin kungiyar horo kamfanin da wani tanki bataliya tare da tankuna, dakaru, da kuma halittar kamfanin da bataliya sanye take da tankettes. Lissafi da ake bukata da masana'antun na ɗari da goma sha biyu tankuna na kowane irin. Bayan da Red Army umurnin taron, GUVP da oat (gun-ARSENALNY Trust) da aka amince da taro samar ba nauyi, jinkirin-dabba ba a kanta da kuma wajen talauci m FT-17, kuma tsada sosai. Ci haske tank dakaru rakiya.

game da kudi

"Renault-Rasha", misali, kudin da nan talatin da dubu shida rubles, kuma ya ciyar ne kawai goma sha takwas dubu daya tank, kamar yadda jimlar kashe kudi kada wuce miliyan biyar rubles. Ya kamata a bayyana cewa a lokacin da ruble ya daraja kamar yadda tare da sarki. Wannan yana nufin cewa adadin a yau zai zama daidai da game da dala miliyan. Wannan shi ne shekaru uku shirin na twenties karni na karshe tare da ba zai iya rike kudi iri.

Akwai bambanci a cikin kudin na yau tankuna game da motocin na karshe karni. Our T-90, misali, da Army ne da sayen miliyan saba'in da rubles kowane misali. American "Abrams" dangane da version farawa a $ 4.3 miliyan. Duk da haka, equipping da T-18 ba za a iya kwatanta ta da T-90. Its rawa wajen ci gaban na Red Army taka leda na farko Soviet tankuna, za mu iya ce da kyau kwarai.