Rayuwa sake zagayowar mataki da kuma ci gaban frogs

A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar daga kwado, gametogenesis, hadi da sauran yanayi events ne dogara a kan da yawa waje dalilai. Rayuwa kusan duk halittar dabba mai kafafuwa dogara a kan yawan shuke-shuke da kuma kwari a cikin kandami, kazalika da iska da kuma ruwan zafi. Frogs asirce daban-daban, saukarwa na ci gaba, ciki har da larval (kwai - tayi - tadpole - rana). Tadpole metamorphosis cikin ya fara tasawa ne daya daga cikin mafi daukan hankali canje a ilmin halitta, tun da wadannan canje-canje shirya mai ruwa-ruwa jiki zuwa ƙasa zama.

Development of frogs: photos

A tailless halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, kamar kwãɗi, da toads, metamorphic canji mafi pronounced, kusan kowane sashen aka modified. A jikin siffar canjãwa cin zarafi ba. Bayan bayyanar da raya da kuma gaban kafafunsa wutsiya a hankali vuya. Chondrocranium tadpole aka maye gurbinsu da na fuska kwanyar da wani matashi rana. Jaraba hakora cewa ana amfani da su cin wani tadpole kandami shuke-shuke bace, bakin da muƙamuƙi suna shan wani sabon siffar, mafi ci gaba tsokoki na harshe, da mafi alhẽri ga kama kwari da kuma sauran kwari. Elongated ciwon, hali na herbivores, taqaitaccen daidaita da wa carnivorous rage cin abinci na fara tasawa. A wani mataki na ci gaba da frogs gills bace da kuma huhu ƙaruwa.

Abin da ya faru nan da nan bayan hadi?

Jim kadan bayan hadi, kwai ya fara matsawa daga daya cell zuwa wani mataki a cikin aiwatar da division. A farko tsakiyan nonon na dabba iyakacin duniya yana farawa da kara vertically saukar zuwa vegetal iyakacin duniya, da rarraba kwai cikin biyu blastomeres. Na biyu tsakiyan nonon faruwa a dama kusassari da farko, rarraba kwai a 4 blastomeres. The uku tsagi ne a dama kusassari da farko biyu, kasancewa kusa da wata dabba fiye da zuwa vegetal iyakacin duniya. Yana raba saman hudu kananan pigmented yanki na kasa hudu. A wannan mataki, amfrayo yana da riga 8 blastomeres. Bugu da ari ƙungiyoyin suna zama kasa na yau da kullum. A sakamakon haka, unicellular kwai hankali tuba zuwa guda-celled tayi, wanda a wannan mataki da aka kira wani blastula, wanda shi ne har yanzu a mataki 8-16 cell fara saya m-cika rami sarari. Bayan jerin canje-canje Monolayer blastula tuba zuwa biyu-ply tayi (gastrula). Wannan hadadden tsari kira gastrulation. Intermediate mataki na frogs a cikin wannan mataki ya unsa da samuwar uku m yadudduka: ectoderm, mesodam da indodem, wanda aka sanshi a matsayin farko jam yadudduka. Daga baya wadannan uku yadudduka kyankyasar kwan larvae.

Tadpoles (larval mataki)

A na gaba mataki na ci gaba da rana bayan tayi ne tsutsa, wanda ya fita da dakile harsashi a cikin makonni 2 bayan hadi. Bayan da ake kira 'yanci na rana larvae ake kira tadpoles, wanda sun fi kamar kananan kifi na game da 5-7 mm a tsawon. larvae jiki ya hada da jinsin kai, gangar jikin da wutsiya. Da muhimmancin da numfashi tsarin da aka buga da nau'i-nau'i biyu na kananan waje gills. Kafa cikakken gabobin tadpole aka saba domin yin iyo da numfashi, da huhu ne masu tasowa nan gaba na rana daga makogwaro.

musamman metamorphosis

Ruwa tadpole shigarsu jerin canje-canje da cewa za ta ƙarshe maida shi zuwa kwado. A lokacin metamorphosis wasu larval Tsarin an rage, da kuma wasu canji. Metamorphosis qaddamar thyroid aiki, za a iya raba uku Categories.

1. Canje-canje a cikin bayyanar. Girma Hind wata gabar jiki, da gidajen abinci ci gaba, akwai yatsunsu. Forelimbs, har yanzu boye musamman m folds, tafi a waje. A wutsiya an rage, da tsarin ne a hankali karya da kuma a wurinsa akwai kome bar. Idanu a kan bangarorin motsi zuwa saman kai da samun bulging, da tsarin kaikaice line gabobin bace, tsohon fata ne barrantar, da kuma sabon, tare da kuri'a na fata gland, tasowa. Jaraba jaws bace tare da larval fata, suna maye gurbinsu da gaske muƙamuƙi, da farko guringuntsi sa'an nan kashi. bakin ƙofa aka muhimmanci ƙãra, kyale manyan rana cin kwari.

2. Canje-canje a ciki ilmin jikin mutum. Gills fara rasa su ma'anar da Fade, haske zama ƙara aikin. M canje-canje faruwa a cikin jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin. Yanzu da gills hankali gushe taka rawa a cikin wurare dabam dabam na jini, mafi jini fara gudãna daga cikin huhu. Yana zama uku-gidajen zuciya. A miƙa mulki daga yawanci kayan abinci zuwa zalla carnivorous rage cin abinci rinjayar da alimentary canal tsawon. An matsa da kuma juya. A bakin zama fadi muƙamuƙi ci gaba da harshen ƙaruwa, ciki da kuma hanta ma zama ya fi girma. Pronephros maye gurbin mesospheric kodan.

3. Canje-canje a salon. A lokacin mika mulki daga larvae zuwa adult mataki na ci gaba da wata rana tare da farko na metamorphosis, canza salon halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Shi ne sau da yawa har zuwa surface ga iska da kuma cika da huhu.

Rana - a dada version na balagaggun rana

A cikin shekaru 12 makonni, da tadpole yana da kawai kananan sauran wutsiya da yayi kama da karami version na fara tasawa, wanda yake shi ne 16 mako, yawanci kammala cikakken sake zagayowar na ci gaba. Ci gaba da kuma m iri kwaɗi, wasu frogs da suka rayu a high altitudes ko a wuri mai sanyi, zai iya rayuwa a cikin tadpole mataki duk hunturu. Wasu nau'in iya yi da kansa musamman matakai na raya kasa, abin da ya bambanta daga gargajiya wadanda.

kwado lifecycle

Mai frogs asali lokacin damana, a lokacin da kududdufai sunyi ambaliya da ruwa. Tadpoles wanda ikon ne daban-daban daga cin manya iya yi amfani da yawan algae da kuma ciyayi a cikin ruwa. Qwai a cikin wani musamman m jelly mace kayansa mãsu karkashin ruwa ko a kan shuke-shuke located kusa, kuma wani lokacin ba ma kula game da yankakkiyar albarka. Da farko tãyuna sha su gwaiduwa reserves. Da zarar amfrayo ya zama tadpole, tadpole jelly dissolves da ke fita daga m harsashi. A ci gaba da rana qwai a cikin wani adult tare da wani yawan hadaddun canje-canje (bayyanar wata gabar jiki rage wutsiya, ciki gabobin rearrangement, da sauransu). A sakamakon haka, manya dabba a cikin tsarin, salon da kuma yanayi ne muhimmanci daban-daban daga baya matakai na raya kasa.