Tarihin - menene wannan? Origins da misalai na dā da na zamani camfin

Tarihin - wani hadisin cewa lokaci-lokaci bayyana a cikin pre-jahilin al'umma. Su gaya mana game da magabatansu na rayuwa, ayyuka na heroes, ayyukan gumãkanku, kuma ruhohi. The sosai mas'ala labari aka samu daga Girkanci kuma samu daga kalmar "Mytos", wanda yake nufin "labari."

A farko ambaci camfin

The tarin camfin a bukukuwan rituals samu verbally magana, daya daga cikin takamaiman hanyoyin da za a shirya bayani game da kewaye gaskiya. A daya hannun, da labarin game da yanayin da asalin na sararin samaniya da kuma mutumin a cikin shi da dama da muhimmanci ayyuka: addini, akida, falsafa, na tarihi, kimiyya.

A musamman fasali na camfin hada da sabani tsarin kula da tari na labaru, da personification na halitta mamaki, zoomorphism.

Ana zargin ideas game da supersensible-akai a kusa da lokacin da ya faru na farko kaburbura. Godiya ga tsoho kaburbura samu da yawa na farko siffofin art.

Asalin da camfin

A Upper Paleolithic akwai wani kwari samuwar syncretic hadaddun: da labari - image - al'ada. Rike wannan tsarin cikin tarihin dan Adam ya nuna ta versatility. Ya nuna mutane da yawa ƙarni da kuma rationality kuma m al'adu core.

Paleolithic images da camfin, kuma ga halittarsu - ibada. "Ishãra" da "signifier" a cikin tatsuniyoyi na m mutumin wanzu a cikin cikakkar hadin kai.

A ra'ayi na labari

Akwai daban-daban fassarori "labari" na ra'ayi da yawa a cikin kimiyyar. Ma'anar kalmomi a cikin wannan harka da aka tsara daga wurare mabambanta, wanda results a gaban wani jam'i na yaxuwa, kuma sabanin ma'anar. Daga cikin su fassarori da cewa ana ba a cikin encyclopedic kamus, ambata sunayen dama camfin na kasa asalin labarin.

Har ila yau, akwai modernized versions tura, inda ta bayyana cewa labari - shi ne mai syncretic fahimtar duniya, ya bayyana azanci shine-takamaiman personifications da kuma ba da rai yake, wanda ake danganta shi da gaskiya. Ra'ayoyinsu na falsafa a kan fassarar wannan ra'ayi ci gaba daga fahimtar labari kamar m makirci na duniya, bayanin da kuma danganci da wani takamaiman jerin ayyuka.

Mene ne kalmar labari? Wannan tambaya za a iya amsa ta rairaya ji-aka gyara daga daban-daban hanyoyin. Saboda haka yana yiwuwa ya kirkiro cikakken kuma daidai definition wannan ra'ayi: da camfin da suna dauke da matani da kuma hotunan da suka nuna da syncretic tunani na gaskiya a cikin daban-daban epochs na cigaban dan Adam. Kowane al'ada mallaka asali, wanda Highlights yawa al'amurran da wani kamfanin.

A typology na camfin

A manhaja hada da camfin cewa sauƙi za a iya kira tsoho, Littafi Mai Tsarki ko wasu tsofaffin tatsuniyoyi. Su gaya mana game da abubuwan da suka faru da alaka da halittar duniya, da aikata ayyukan tsoho (kagaggun Greek kuma allolin Roma, kuma heroes).

Masu bincike tarihi mythology rubutu cewa, a da yawa ayyuka daban-daban da kasashe, da yawa na asali jigogi da motifs aka maimaita. Wannan shi ne asalin camfin ba duk da cewa yadda suke ciki. Alal misali, daya daga cikin mafi tsoho da kuma m ne tãtsũniyõyin game da dabbobi. A farkon waɗannan, kawai butulci bayyana ãyõyi na fauna. Kuma a cikin d ¯ Australian myths, misali, tartsatsi ka'idar asalin dabbobi daga mutane. Amma sauran al'ummai na duniya, ko da yake ba don haka a fili, yada a cikin su mythological tãtsũniyõyin ra'ayin cewa mutum ya zarar wata dabba. Misalan irin camfin: zamanin d Girkanci labari game da wata yarinya, cikin nymph Daphne, na hyacinths, daffodils da kuma na wasu.

Origin of cikin wani sarari suKe jikinsu kuma sau da yawa tsarkina a camfin. A cikin abin da ake kira da hasken rana, lunarnyh da astral tãtsũniyõyin rana, wata da taurari da aka sau da yawa wakilta mutane wanda da zarar ya rayu a duniya, kuma a gare daban-daban dalilai, sa'an nan ya hau zuwa sama. Irin wannan labari - shi ƙirƙira mutanen madadin ga samuwar halittu. Wani kowa theme - aiwatar da zayyana Sun cikin wani allahntaka kasancewarsa. A wannan yanayin, ba a samaniya jiki ne spiritualized.

A tsakiyar wuri a cikin totality daga cikin tatsuniyoyi na kasashe da dama sun shagaltar da samfurin, ta kwatanta halittar duniya da sararin samaniya, da kuma mutum. In ba haka ba, an kira su cosmogony da anthropogonic bi da bi. Al'adar da baya da baya al'ummai kadan ruwaito a kan wadannan batutuwa. A musamman, da Aussies kawai a takaicce ambata cewa kafin Duniya ta surface ya daban-daban, amma tambayoyi game da ta bayyanar taba aiwatar da wasannin.

Polynesian, North American Indians, mutãnen farkon ya Gabas da kuma Rum cosmogonical matakai dauke daga biyu ra'ayoyi. Daya daga cikin su ya ginu ne a kan ra'ayin halittar (creationism), da kuma sauran - a kan ra'ayin raya kasa (juyin halitta). Bisa ga creationist ka'idar duniya ya halitta mahaliccin Allah, sihiri, ko wani allahntaka kasancewarsa. A camfin gina a kan ka'idar juyin halitta, da duniya a hankali tasowa daga wani m zama. Yana iya zama hargitsi, duhu, duhu, da dai sauransu

A cosmogonic camfin sau da yawa intertwine da storylines na aiwatar da asalin alloli da mutane. Mafi na kowa view na al'amarin ya banmamaki haihuwa na mutum. Bayan 'yan ƙarni camfin bayyana farko ambaci al'adar afterlife.

Ta yaya ne camfin

Da taimakon su murya alamu wani labari nuna wani abu ba a sani ba, sabon da kuma a cikin shakka daga cikin labarin ya nuna yadda wannan sabon bayyana. Yana iya zama wani mataki gwarzo, m, ko ayyukan Allah. Akwai kuma jerin myths, a lokacin da wani abu sabon da aka gabatar a daya daga cikin kayayyakin, sa'an nan tasowa da mãkirci na cika a kan tushen da events, wanda aka kawai aka ambata a cikin wadannan labaru. Wancan ne, suna dauka a matsayin ba mai priori.

Misalai na zamani camfin

Modern camfin cewa sun bayyana a Rasha a karo na biyu da rabi daga cikin karni na ashirin, mafi yawa na da irin wannan fuskantarwa. A tsakiyar adadi ya kasance kullum a relic kasancewarsa.

Kuma shi ba wani hatsari, na farko da bulo a kafuwar irin camfin aza almarar kimiyya marubuta. Yiwuwa daya daga cikin mafi daukan hankali ayyukan fãra yin halitta Artura Konan Doyle ( "The Lost World") da kuma Obrucheva ( "Pluton"). Kuma sai storylines ne quite daban-daban, amma duka biyu ne dama ayyukan da aka rubuta a cikin wannan salon kuma suna dogara ne a kan wannan ra'ayin.

Far daga wayewa, a wani bata kusurwa na duniya akwai wani wuri, inda ta daidaituwa, duk da kewaye gaskiya yayi kama da Duniya ta m baya. Wannan sauyin yanayi, Flora da fauna. Wannan wannan zato da aka tushen jerin camfin game da shuke-shuke da dabbobi da cewa an kiyaye su a cikin ta asali duniya tun daga lokacin da. A daukan hankali misali na irin wannan labari - da labari na dodo mai suna Nessie, na zaune a cikin wani Scottish lake Loch Ness.

Har ila yau, akwai mutane da yawa mythological labaru game da teku halittu (dodanni), wanda suka ga tuƙi, hikers da masunta.

Modern camfin da kuma kimiyya

Jigon da matsalar ta'allaka ne da cewa watsa shirye-shirye na labari a matsayin hujjar kimiyya wuya. Muna iya amincewa ce cewa yana da wani bangaren na mythology. A wannan yanayin, shi yana nufin da sakandare farkawarka cewa kara ɗe da akida, al'adu, kimiyya da kuma sarrafa bayanai. A wannan mahallin, da labari - shi ne tsari na wucin gadi da mutumin da labari, wanda dogara ne a kan hasashe da Legends, sannu a hankali canza a ƙarƙashin rinjayar akida da kimiyya dalilai.

Biyu kwatance na mythology

Bayyanar da camfin da dangantaka da bayyanar, samuwar da kuma ci gaban al'umma. Wannan yadda mutane da nunawa da mutum tarihi na asalin. Daga baya mythmaking bayyana ayyukan yi nufi ga talakawa (wanda haifar da Elite) da Legends da mutane da kansu. Saboda haka, za mu iya magana game da hanyoyi biyu na mythology: rufe da bude.