Rayuwa da Works of Dostoevsky

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu bayyana cikin rayuwa da kuma aiki na Dostoevsky taƙaice gaya muku game da mafi muhimmanci abubuwan da suka faru. Fyodor Mikhailovich aka haife kan Oktoba 30 (tsohon style - 11) a 1821. Dostoevsky muqala zai gabatar da muhimman ayyuka, da nasarorin da wannan mutum a cikin wallafe-wallafen filin. Amma bari mu fara daga farkon - daga asalin nan gaba marubuci, tare da biography.

Dostoevsky matsaloli iya warai fahimci kawai su saba da rayuwar wannan mutumin. Bayan duk, almarar ne ko da yaushe ko ta yaya nuna fasali na biography na mahaliccin da ayyukansu. A cikin hali na Dostoevsky ne musamman m.

Origin of Dostoyevsky

Uba Fyodor aka haife rassan Rtishchevo, a zuriyarsu Rtishchev Daniil Ivanovich, wakĩli a kansu a cikin ta Kudu-West na Rasha Orthodox ĩmãni. Ya ni'imta for fice nasarori Dostoevo kauyen located in Podolsk lardin. Dostoevsky surname samo asali daga can.

Duk da haka, ta farkon karni na 19th, poorer tseren Dostoevsky. Andrei Mikhailovich, marubucin ta kakan, suka bauta wa a Podolsk lardin, a garin Bratslav, Archpriest. Mikhail, muna sha'awar a cikin marubucin uba, ya kammala karatunsa a saboda lokaci Medico-M Academy. A lokacin yakin duniya na II, a 1812, ya yi yaƙi da Faransa kan wasu, sa'an nan, a 1819, da aure Nechaeva Maria Feodorovna, 'yar wani m daga Moscow. Mikhail, a ja da baya, samu wani ofis likita a Mariinsky asibiti, bude ga matalauta, wanda aka kira a Bozhedomka mutane.

Ina Dostoevsky aka haife?

Apartment iyali gaba marubuci ya a dama reshe na asibiti. A da shi, a karkashin wata gwamnati Apartment kaddamarda likita, ya aka haife shi a 1821, Fyodor Mikhailovich. Uwarsa, kamar yadda muka ambata, ya zo daga wani irin fatake. Pictures of wanda bai kai ba mutuwa, talauci, cuta, cuta - farko kwaikwayo na yaro, wanda ya dauki siffar ƙarƙashin rinjayar ra'ayi na duniyar nan gaba marubuci, sosai sabon abu. Dostoevsky ta aikin nuna wannan.

A halin da ake ciki a cikin iyali na gaba marubuci

Overgrown tare da lokaci har zuwa 9 mutane iyali da aka tilasta huddle a kawai biyu da dakuna. Mikhail wani hypochondriac da sauri-zafin mutum.

Quite wani daban-daban irin da aka Maria Fedorovna: shopping, gaisuwa, irin. Dangantaka tsakanin iyaye da yaro da aka dogara ne a kan karkashi na son zũciyõyin da nufin mahaifinsa. Nurse da kuma uwa na gaba marubuci aka girmama addini hadisai na kasar, inganta girmamawa saboda bangaskiyar cikin ubanninmu na gaba. Maria Feodorovna mutu matasa - a cikin shekaru 36 da shekaru. Ta aka binne shi a Lazarev hurumi.

A farko sani da adabi

Ilimi da kuma Science kishin lokaci mai yawa a cikin Dostoevsky iyali. A farkon shekarun Dostoevsky gano da farin ciki na sadarwa da littafin. A farkon ayyukansu, tare da wanda ya hadu, - jama'a tãtsũniyõyin Arina Arkhipovna, makarufo ta aikin. Wannan ya biyo ta Pushkin, kuma Zhukovsky - fi so marubuta Maria Feodorovna.

Fyodor Mikhailovich a wani wuri shekaru ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga manyan litattafansu na duniya adabi: Hugo, Cervantes da Homer. Mahaifinsa ya shirya, da iyali a cikin maraice karanta ayyukan N. M. Karamzina "Tarihi na Rasha jihar." Duk da wannan shuka a nan gaba marubuci farkon sha'awa cikin wallafe-wallafe. Rayuwa da Works of Fyodor Dostoevsky aka fi mayar kafa ta yanayi, inda akwai wannan marubuci.

Mikhail neman hereditary nobility

Mikhail a 1827 domin wuya da kuma m sabis aka bayar da Order na 3rd digiri na St Anne, da kuma a shekara daga baya aka kuma girmama tare da daraja na collegiate assessor, wanda ya ba yayin da Human Rights na hereditary nobility. The mahaifin na gaba marubuci ya Masani game da darajar mafi girma ilimi da kuma saboda haka nema ya tsanani shirya domin m ma makarantun ga 'ya'yansu.

Tashin hankalin yara, Dostoevsky

A nan gaba marubuci a cikin matasa tsira da bala'i da cewa ya bar wani kafu daram alama a ransa na rayuwa. Ya ƙaunar childlike ji na 'yarta ke dafa, tara-shekara yarinya. Da zarar, a kan wani rani rana akwai wani kira a cikin lambu. Fedor gudu waje, sai ya gan ta kwance a tsage fari dress a ƙasa. Na yarinya jingina mata. Daga su hira Fedor gane cewa m na bala'i zama mãsu mãye m. Bayan haka, mun kuwa shiga wurin mahaifinsa, amma ga taimako da aka ba da ake bukata, saboda yarinya ya mutu.

ilimi marubuci

Fyodor Mikhailovich samu ya farkon ilimi a mai zaman kansa makaranta a Moscow. Ya a 1838 shiga located in St. Petersburg Main Engineering School. Ya kammala karatunsa a 1843, kuma ya kasance wani soja m.

A waɗannan shekaru, wannan makaranta da aka dauki daya daga cikin mafi kyau cibiyoyin a kasar. Akwai wani hatsari ya zo da yawa da suka shahara. Dostoevsky tsakanin yan'uwansu a kwalejin ya mai yawa iyawa, daga baya samo asali a cikin sanannun mutane. Yana Dmitry Grigorovich (marubuci), Constantin Trutovsky (artist), Ilya Sechenov (physiologist), Eduard Totleben (Oganeza na tsaro na Sevastopol), Fyodor Radetzky (Shipka gwarzo). Sanar a nan a matsayin agaji, da kuma musamman tarbiyya. Alal misali, duniya da kuma na kasa da tarihin, Rasha adabi, zanen da ƙungiyoyin gine.

Tashin hankalin da "karamin mutum"

Dostoevsky biki ya kasance biki al'umma na dalibai fĩfĩta son sirri. Karatun da aka fi so abin wãsa. Erudition na gaba marubuci ne mai ban mamaki, mãtan aure. Amma da so ga kawaicin da nake yi, kuma wani shãmaki a halinsa ya kasance ba da wani m hali. A makaranta Fyodor ya jimre da bala'i na da rai da ake kira "karamin mutum". Lalle ne, a cikin wannan makaranta da dalibai sun kasance mafi yawa yara burokrasi da kuma soja burokrasi. Iyaye da kyautai ga malamansu, sunã rãyar da wani wajen. A cikin wannan yanayi, Dostoevsky duba m, sau da yawa hõre batancinsu da izgili. A tunaninsa lokacin wadanda shekaru flared gabar rauni girman kai, wanda aka nuna a nan gaba aikin Dostoevsky.

Amma duk da wadannan matsaloli, Fyodor Mikhailovich gudanar ya cimma ya san kuma mãtan aure da kuma malamai. All gani a kan lokaci da cewa wannan mutumin na kwarai hankali da kuma yi fice a ikon.

Mahaifinsa mutuwa

A 1839, Yuli 8, daga apoplexy ba zato ba tsammani mahaifin Fyodor mutu. Akwai jita-jita cewa ba a halitta mutuwa - ya kashe for kaifi fushi maza. A labarai gigice Dostoevsky, kuma tare da shi karo na farko da wani irin kãmu, wani harbinger na nan gaba na epilepsy, daga wanda Dostoevsky sha wahala duk rayuwarsa.

Service kamar injiniya, na farko ayyukansu

Dostoevsky a 1843, bayan ya sauke karatu daga hanya, sai a ka ɗauke a Corps na Engineers a cikin sabis injiniya tawagar a St. Petersburg, amma a takaice bauta a can. A shekara daga baya ya yanke shawarar tafiyar da wallafe-wallafen aikin, wani so wanda ya ga wani dogon lokaci. Da farko, da ya fara fassara litattafansu, kamar Balzac. Bayan wani lokaci akwai wani labari ra'ayin a cikin haruffa kira "matalauta mutane." Ya na farko m aikin, wanda ta fara da Dostoevsky ta aiki. Wannan ya biyo ta labaru da kuma litattafan: "Mr. Prokharchin", "Biyu", "Netochka Nezvanova", "White Nights".

Rapprochement da da'irar Petrashevists ban tausayi sakamakon

1847 alama rapprochement tare da Butashevich-Petrashevsky, wanda gudanar da sanannen "Jumma'a". A da kiran kasuwa da kuma fan na Fourier. A wadannan marece da marubuci ya gana da kasida Apollonom Maykovym, Alekseem Plescheevym, Aleksandrom Palmom, Sergeem Durovym, kazalika da mawallafin Saltykov kuma masanin kimiyyar Vladimir Milyutin da Nikolaem Mordvinovym. A tarurruka da aka tattauna Petrashevists gurguzu koyaswar, da tsare-tsaren na neman sauyi upheavals. Dostoevsky ya mai taimako ga nan da nan yarjejeniyoyin da serfdom a Rasha.

Duk da haka, gwamnatin koya daga cikin da'irar, kuma a 1849, 37 mahalarta, ciki har da Dostoevsky, an tsare su a cikin Bitrus da Bulus sansanin soja. Su aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa, amma da Sarkin sarakuna raga da magana, kuma marubuci aka fitar da su naƙudarta a Siberia.

A Tobolsk, a kurkuku

Ya tafi Tobolsk a kan m sanyi a bude sleigh. Ga cikin matansa daga cikin Decembrists, Annenkov da Fonvizin ziyarci Petrashevists. Ft wadannan mata ganin darajarsa da dukan ƙasar. Suka kuma ba kowane yanke hukuncin daurin cewar Bishara, a cikin abin da kudi da aka kashe. Gaskiyar cewa fursunoni da aka ba a yarda a yi su tanadi, don haka shi aka tausasa a yayin da matsananci rai yanayi.

A kurkuku da marubuci lura da yadda nisa dalilan, tabbas, ra'ayin wani "sabon Kiristanci" daga nufi da Almasihu, wanda support - mutane. Fyodor nan bayar da wani sabon "alama ce bangaskiya". Ya dogara ne jama'ar kasar irin Kiristanci. Daga bisani, wannan nuna da kara aikin Dostoevsky, wanda za mu gaya muku daga baya.

Soja sabis a Omsk

Ga wani marubuci, shekaru hudu naƙudarta aka maye gurbinsu bayan wani lokaci soja. Ya aka rako karkashin matsara daga Omsk zuwa Semipalatinsk. Ga cikin rayuwa da kuma aiki na Dostoevsky ci gaba. A marubuci bauta wa a matsayin da talakawa, sa'an nan samu daraja da jami'in. Ya koma zuwa St. Petersburg har zuwa karshen shekarar 1859,.

Publishing na mujallolin

A wannan lokaci, sai na fara wani m nema Dostoevsky, wanda a cikin shekaru 60 da ya ƙare a cikin samuwar imani pochvennicheskih marubuci. Biography da kuma ayyukan Dostoevsky a wannan lokaci alama ta da wadannan abubuwan. Marubuci tun 1861, tare da Michael, da ɗan'uwansa, ya fara buga wata mujalla da ake kira "Time", sa'an nan ban da shi - "Epoch". Aiki a kan sabon littattafai da mujallu, Fyodor Mikhailovich ɓullo da ra'ayi kan matsalar da jama'a adadi da kuma marubuci a kasar mu - a Rasha, an asali bambance-bambancen da Kirista gurguzanci.

A farko ayyukan marubuci bayan naƙudarta

Rayuwa da Works of Dostoevsky bayan Tobolsk sun canza da yawa. A 1861 akwai na farko labari na wannan marubuci cewa ya halitta bayan naƙudarta. A wannan aikin ( "The cin mutunci da kuma rauni") nuna tausayi Dostoevsky zuwa "kadan mutane" wanda an hõre ta iko da zama tutur wulãkanci. An samo mai girma na zamantakewa muhimmanci kamar yadda "House of Matattu" (shekaru na halitta - 1861-1863), wanda aka fara da wani marubuci kurkuku. A cikin mujallar "Time" ta bayyana "Winter Notes on Summer Impressions" a 1863. Su Fyodor soki Yammacin tsarin siyasa imani. A 1864 ya zo da littafin da "Notes daga Karkashin kasa". Wannan irin furci a Dostoevsky. A aikinsa, ya janye ya baya su akida.

Bugu da ari Dostoevsky ta aikin

A takaice bayyana wasu ayyukan da wannan marubuci. A 1866 ya bayyana wani labari da ake kira "Laifuka da azãba", wanda aka dauke daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci a cikin aikinsa. A 1868 ya zo "The wawa" labari, inda wani yunkurin da aka yi don ƙirƙirar m gwarzo, wanda ya sãɓa wa predatory, m duniya. A cikin shekaru 70 da kerawa FM Dostoevsky ci gaba. Ya zama yadu da aka sani da irin wannan litattafan kamar yadda "The mahaukaci." (Shekara ta bazawa - 1871), da kuma "saurayi", wanda ya bayyana a cikin 1879. "The Brothers Karamazov" - wani labari, wanda shi ne na karshe aiki. Ya taƙaice Dostoevsky. labari Years - 1879-1880. A wannan aikin, babban harafin, Alyosha Karamazov, taimaka wasu a lokatan wahala da kuma wata azãba, tabbatar da cewa abu mafi muhimmanci a rayuwarmu - nufi da gãfara da soyayya. A 1881, a kan Fabrairu 9, Dostoevskiy Fedor Mihaylovich mutu a St. Petersburg.

Rayuwa da Works of Dostoevsky takaicce aka bayyana a cikin wannan labarin. Ba za mu iya ce cewa marubuci ne ko da yaushe fi sha'awar a cikin sauran matsalar mutum. Rubuta game da wannan muhimmanci alama cewa ya Dostoevsky ta aiki, a taƙaice.

Wannan mutumin a cikin marubuci

Fyodor Mikhailovich a lokacin da dukan daga cikin aiki da tunanin babban matsala na bil'adama - yadda za a shawo kan girman kai, wadda shi ne babban tushen da rabuwar mutane. Hakika, akwai wasu jigogi na Dostoevsky ta aiki, amma shi ne sun fi mayar dogara ne a kan wannan. A marubuci ya yi ĩmãni da cewa wani daga cikin mu yana da ikon haifar. Kuma shi dole ne ya yi haka, yayin da rayuwa, kana bukatar ka bayyana kanka. Related mutum marubuci sadaukar dukan ransa. Biography da kerawa na Dostoevsky aka tabbatar.