Parathyroid gland. Parathyroid hormone

A jikin mutum ne mai babbar yawan gabobin da kuma tsarin da yin wani iri-iri na ayyuka. Wasu daga cikin su ne parathyroid gland. Yana da irin ɓangare na thyroid gland shine yake, located kai tsaye a kan raya bango. Proper aiki na wadannan gland rinjayar da yawa daga cikin matakai gudana a cikin jiki. Saboda haka mallaka wasu bayanai game da su, shi ne wajibi ne ga kowa da kowa.

thyroid

Sau da yawa, mutane da shekaru akwai matsaloli tare da thyroid gland shine yake. A wannan yanayin, likitoci sau da yawa rika mika wani jini a ji ba gani. Saboda haka m idan wannan topic, rikitarwa iya bayyana idan, da kuma yadda za a yi da ganewar asali na wani thyroid gland shine yake? Ina thyroid gland shine yake an located, suka san kusan kome da kome - shi ne gaba, na daga cikin mutum ta wuyansa. Farko, kuma farkon shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa thyroid - a gland shine yake na ciki mugunya. Babu shakka, shi ne wani ɓangare na] aukacin sa na endocrine tsarin, wanda aka bai wa jikin mutum. A general, aikin thyroid gland shine yake da ake dangantawa da samar da wasu hormones da cewa kula da ma'auni a cikin jikin mutum.

thyroid lobe

Thyroid gland shine yake - yake, a sama da dukan, da daidaita jiki, tun da shi ne hada da Isthmus da biyu daidai hannun jari, a kan ko dai gefen shi. The dama lobe daga cikin thyroid gland shine yake, kazalika da hagu, kai tsaye a kan trachea, yayin da Isthmus aka located a kan gaba, na. Wasu likitoci na iya mayar da hankali a kan wani pyramidal lobe. Ga kamata mu ambaci irin wannan abu a matsayin girma da thyroid gland shine yake. Domin, wani lokacin, a lokacin da shi detects haddi (na uku) rabo daga jahilci masana fara magana ne game da Pathology na prostate. Amma ba haka. Ba ya shafi ɗan adam kiwon lafiya da kuma aibi ne ba.

Kullum, thyroid na kullum cikin sharuddan girma za a ƙayyade ne kawai a kan tushen da dubawa na m gwani-endocrinologist, akayi daban-daban domin kowane mutum. Af, tambaye shi ya zama riga a farkon bayyanar cututtuka hade tare da ciki kasancewarsa. Sai dai itace cewa da matsala tare da thyroid gland shine yake kai tsaye shafi da yanayi da kuma yanayin jiki na mutum. Al'ada aiki shchitovidki dogara a kan yadda yawa yana karɓa duk dole gina jiki (oxygen, aidin, sunadarai, da dai sauransu). Idan ka sami rashin su, wannan mutumin nan da nan ya zama m da kuma yiwuwa zuwa ciki. Har ila yau, karin nauyi da kuma rashin iyawa ga rasa nauyi - shi ne ma a bayyane take hakki a cikin hormonal auna daga cikin thyroid gland shine yake. thyroid na kullum cikin sharuddan girma aka ƙaddara ga kowane mutum da guda-guda. Da farko, likita zai tambaye ku su sha duban dan tayi jarrabawa, da kuma kawai sai ba jini ga hormone matakan.

Aiki da thyroid gland shine yake: idan yana da muhimmanci ga jikin mutum?

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa girman da thyroid gland shine yake ne kai tsaye dogara a kan wani mutum ta nauyi. Yana yiwuwa, ba shakka, ware da talakawan darajar hannun jari: 20/20/40 mm. Tamanin da ƙara na Isthmus zai zama daidai da 4 x 5 mm. The girma na thyroid lobes a lokaci guda zai zama daga 20 zuwa 40 g zato ba tsammani, da nauyin da thyroid gland shine yake iya isa a kalla '65 Akwai daya da muhimmanci sosai, daki-daki: shekaru da kuma jima'i halaye da mafi tasiri kai tsaye a kan girman da thyroid gland shine yake. Tsufa rage girma daga cikin thyroid gland shine yake da shekaru na balaga, conversely, qara. Har ila yau, mata masu ciki stimulates ta wucin gadi karuwa a cikin juz'i na gland shine yake. A lokacin da wannan al'amari ke dauke da kullum a cikin tambaya da kuma ba za a iya warke har zuwa haihuwa.

Kamar yadda ta bayyana, cikin thyroid gland shine yake - da wani ɓangare na da endocrine tsarin na mutane, don haka shi ne kullum akwai wani kira na dama hormones: calcitonin (a peptide hormone), triiodothyronine da thyroxine (aidin-dauke da hormones). Sun tsara da hormonal auna daga cikin jikin mutum. Wadannan hormones shafi samuwar sabon Kwayoyin da mutuwa da haihuwa, da jiki ta metabolism. Man ko da yaushe bukatar makamashi zuwa rayuwa, tafi, ku ci, barci, da sauransu. D. Wancan wannan nauyi aikin da aka yi ta da thyroid ji ba gani. suna ma iya kula da ta dace da zazzabi ga jiki. Shafi tunanin mutum da kuma ta jiki ci gaba a tafarkin rayuwa da dogara a kan aiki na thyroid ji ba gani. Su suke da alhakin aikin rigakafi, da kuma wannan yana da muhimmanci ƙwarai a cikin yãƙi kamuwa da cuta. Shi ya sa ka bukatar ka ba kawai san inda thyroid gland shine yake an located (a lokacin da za a amsa a hali na m majiyai a cikin wuyansa), amma kuma ya fahimtar muhimmancin ta daidai aiki.

Mene ne wani parathyroid gland shine yake?

Kamar so a lura da ta kai tsaye hannu ga dukan endocrine tsarin. Lokacin da al'ada tsarin da dukan thyroid parathyroid gland located a kan raya surface daga gare ta. Man yana da biyu irin wannan nau'i-nau'i. Ka tuna, dõmin su kasance a waje da thyroid gland shine yake. iri biyu Kwayoyin suna kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki na wadannan gland: oxyphilous da kuma babban. Wadannan Kwayoyin, wato su cytoplasm dauke da granules kira secretory. Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa parathyroid gland shine yake - jikin endocrine, kuma rãyukansu, kuma shi aiki a lokaci guda gaba daya da kansa. Saboda haka, da zarar maye gurbinsu, ko share ba zai iya. In ba haka ba, har ma idan ka yi kokarin barin thyroid gland shine yake, mutumin da ba ya tsira.

Girma parathyroid (parathyroid) gland shine yake, da lambar kuma wuri

Form parathyroid gland zai fi dacewa m (a cikin wani nau'i na wake ko koda, wani lokacin yake kama da da'irar, kuma aka mĩƙe), da kuma size up zuwa 8 mm. Popular sau da yawa, mutum samu daban-daban anomalies a da lambar kuma wuri na parathyroid gland. Wani lokaci likitoci gane asali kasancewarsu a cikin amfanin gona ko tsakanin trachea da esophagus. More kowa karuwa a yawan parathyroid gland. Masana kimiyya tare da likita lokuta rubuta ciyar 8 da kuma ko 12 raka'a. The girma na parathyroid gland ne ba yawa daban-daban: kauri - 1.5-2 mm, nisa - 3-4 mm, tsawon - 67 mm. Sau da yawa da babba parathyroid gland shine yake dan kadan karami fiye da kasa - wannan shi ne na kullum. Weight da kananan, duk da ta je 0,04 g Color of parathyroid (wanda kuma aka sani a magani) gland yawanci yellowish-kasa-kasa ko kodadde ruwan kasa. Suna located in da ake kira kansu kwantena, ko da yake wani lokacin za su iya shiga kai tsaye zuwa ga thyroid gland shine yake. Su dabam dabam da za'ayi ta da kansa reshe na jijiya. Ban sha'awa gaskiya: a duk vertabrate ga adadinsu, da kuma siffar size bambanta ƙwarai.

Parathyroid gland: sifa da aiki

A tsarin da parathyroid gland hada da nau'o'i biyu na Kwayoyin, da ake kira "haske" (oxyphilous) da kuma "duhu" (main). A karshen ne yawanci yawa mafi girma a lambar. Babban abu ne cewa ciwon daji data suna da kyau kawota tare da jini, kyale su su cika da oxygen. Lymphatic capillaries kewaye yawa parathyroid gland. Hormones a kan su, kazalika da ta cikin venous Grid, rarraba a ko'ina cikin jikin mutum. Hakika, da ayyuka a parathyroid yawa. Amma daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci - shi ne da tsari na phosphorus da alli metabolism a cikin jikin mutum. Wannan abu ya faru ne kawai tare da cewa da aikin a kan kira na hormones kai tsaye yin wani parathyroid gland shine yake. Hormones samar da su, su ne na biyu iri:

• calcitonin - cewa shi lowers da matakin na alli a cikin jini.
• parathyroid hormone - qara matakin na alli a cikin jini.

A general, aikin da parathyroid gland shine yake (wani likita sunan) dangane da hanyar da "feedback". A jikin mutum tana gano yadda da yawa daga cikin alli da phosphorus žunsa. A parathyroid gland shine yake, a bisa ga wadannan bayanai, adjusts su yawan saboda da ejection da wani kashi da kuma musamman hormone.

Hormones samar da parathyroid gland

Parathyroid gland samar da biyu hormones, shugaban jarumawan wanda aka parathyrin (PTH). Bayan amfani da shi ne da za'ayi m tsari na alli da matakan a cikin jikin mutum. Wannan hormone ne mai gina jiki fili wanda, bi da bi, qunshi sulfur, da baƙin ƙarfe, da nitrogen. Ya tsaye parathyroid gland shine yake ba tare da tsayawa. Parathyrin inganta ci gaban da kuma ci gaban da mutum kwarangwal. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa alli phosphate binders da kuma sunadarai. Har ila yau parathyrin hormone yana da m sakamako a kan kwarangwal - kashi resorption da shekaru. A general, wannan tsari shine ake kira - an daidaita alli matakan.

Ginshikai na mataki parathyrin ko ta babban effects

Hakika, idan hormone yana da wani iko da sakamako a kan alli phosphate abun da ke ciki na jikin mutum, shi yana gani dama manyan gabobin da kyallen takarda, wadda ne mai irin hari ga shi:

1. Kodan an san, wasu daga cikin alli da aka samu daga jikin mutum a cikin fitsari. Wannan tsari na bukatar wani tsari, wanda da shi ne saboda hormone parathyrin.
2. Kashi nama: daidai a cikin adadin alli a shi, don haka da cewa mutum kwarangwal ne su iya ci gaba da girma.
3. Gastrointestinal fili: a nan parathyrin taimaka alli tunawa.

Bi da bi, da parathyroid gland, samar da hormone parathyrin da tasiri kai tsaye a kan aiki na duk jiki Kwayoyin.

Cututtuka alaka m aiki na parathyroid

Kamar wani sashin jiki, nama ko a dukan tsarin a cikin jikin mutum, parathyroid iya aiki daidai. Yawanci wannan take kaiwa zuwa ta hypofunction ko hyperfunction, wanda na taimaka wa ci gaban da yawa cututtuka. Ƙayyade da wannan cuta za su iya yi a kan nasu dangane da abin da ya faru na wasu cututtuka. A wannan yanayin, kana bukatar ka da sauri tambaye wani m m, kuma ku ciyar a kan su shawarwari dacewa safiyo auku zama dole gwaje-gwaje.

Hypofunction na parathyroid

A cutar halin da ba daidai ba ƙarni adadin na parathyroid hormone parathyrin, wato ta rashi. Yawancin lokaci, wannan za a iya gani riga a kan tushen da haƙuri da gunaguni na numbness a cikin extremities, jin sanyi, tsoka cramps, gaggautsa kusoshi, gashi kuma mafi. Likita na nazarin mutumin, wato ya thyroid nada cikakken jini count, jini gwajin for hormones, urinalysis, electrocardiogram. Yawanci, a wadannan karatu ya kasance wani babban canji, wanda zai kai ga karin karshe da kuma sanin ya fi dace da magani.

Hyperfunction na parathyroid gland shine yake

Irin wannan cuta sakamakon hakan samar parathyrin cewa kai tsaye nuna parathyroid gland shine yake. Hormones na da irin wannan (su ragi) zai iya rushe da narkewa kamar fili mutum, sai ku sanya shi kashi fragility da kuma zafi a cikin gidajen abinci, tanƙwara kashin baya da kuma haƙarƙari karaga, kai zuwa irritability da ciki. Wani lokaci wani wuce haddi na alli take kaiwa zuwa gagarumin canje-canje a cikin aikin da kodan. Saboda haka idan kana da sama da bayyanar cututtuka kamata nan da nan tuntubar wani endocrinologist for dace magani. Kuma zuwa ga tabbatar da hyperfunction parathyroid fiye sanya Amurka, X-ray, jini sunadarai. Bisa ga wadannan karatu likita ne iya yin daidai ganewar asali.

Jiyya na cuta na parathyroid

Hakika, da hypofunction na parathyroid kamu mafi sauki da kuma sauki da za a bi. Wajibi ne a karshen kawai don normalize da alli phosphate abun da ke ciki na jikin mutum ta wajen shan wasu magunguna, musamman abun da ake ci, Unlimited zauna a rana domin mafi sha na alli. Jiyya hyperfunction parathyroid yiwu ne kawai ta hanyar tiyata. Kuma a sa'an nan, haƙĩƙa nada musamman far wurare.

M matakan parathyroid cuta

Kamar yadda ta bayyana, cikin thyroid da parathyroid gland suna da alaƙa da. Saboda haka, su aiki, da kuma matsalolin da shi, da wani tasiri kai tsaye a kan juna. Domin na wadannan gawawwakin ciki mugunya a jikinka taba samun wani matsaloli, kokarin yi su hana thyroid duban dan tayi a kalla 1 lokaci a kowace shekara. Duk wani m gwani, gano qananan canje-canje a cikin shi, zai bayar da ku ƙarin karatu a ware daban-daban pathologies.

Fahimci cewa al'ada aiki na wani sashin jiki ko tsarin a cikin jiki dogara a kan ta hanyarsa ta rayuwa. Kamar yadda ya ci da dama da kuma daidaita, ya kaiwa wani aiki salon ko ba da more. Saboda haka, kula da lafiyar ka, gudanar checkups kuma dace koma zuwa sosai m likitoci.