Kale: sa, description, dasa da kuma kula

Kale - shi ne daya daga cikin manyan kayan amfanin gona da horar da a kewayen birni yankunan. A shuka da amfani sosai da kuma zama dole, don haka bari mu magana game da yadda za girma shi.

A kadan tarihi

Kale nasa ne da mustard iyali, wanda kasance a mustard, kabeji da rutabaga, radish, radish. A Turai, Asiya da kuma Asiya ta tsakiya, da Rum yankin da aka yada a kan 50 jinsunan wannan iyali.

An sani cewa cin sprouts girma ta d ¯ a Masarawa, Romawa kuma Helenawa. Shi ya zama ƙanana da matsakaitan abinci ko hudu shekara dubu da suka wuce. Don mu Kale daga yammacin Turai da aka mayar da heyday na Kievan Rus (XIII karni). Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a cikin XVIII karni al'adu ne da tabbaci shiga Rasha hanyar rayuwa, ko da ya fara sabon al'ada tare girbi shi domin hunturu bayan da Orthodox idi na daukaka (Satumba 27).

Modern hybrids kuma mafi kyau maki

Idan ka yi tunani game da shi, shi ya zama a bayyane yake cewa mai sauki kabeji ne dalilin da yawa na mu abinci. Mu ne don haka saba wa shi cewa ba ma lura da yadda sau da yawa shi ne amfani.

Abin lura shi ne cewa an kullum waddan su samu sabon, mafi alamar hybrids da iri. Duk da haka, kada su rasa dacewar da kyau da haihuwa iri, ya dade da tabbatar da lambu.

Duk irin kabeji ya kasu kashi farkon-maturing, tsakiyar kakar kuma marigayi. Muna so mu kawo mafi kyau, a cewar masana, to date iri.

Early-maturing:

1. A Yuni - ultra-m iri-iri. Sredneustoychiva cuta. Untimely tsaftacewa iya kai wa ga fatattaka daga kawunansu.
2. Transfer F1 - ore a cikin kwanaki 120.
3. Copenhagen Market - maturing bayan 115 days.
4. Ditmarskaya farkon - fasaha balaga zo bayan 115-120 kwana.
5. Golden ha-1432. Daga dasa zuwa girbi wuce 102-110 kwana.

Mid-sa

Samun girbi mai kyau kabeji matsakaici ripening iya zama a girma irin wannan iri:

1. Gift. Term na maturing - 130 days.
2. Menza F1. Balaga for 115 kwanaki.
3. Tsarki ya tabbata-1305. Daga dasa zuwa girbi faruwa 137 kwanaki.
4. Tsarki ya tabbata Gribovskaya-231. Balaga da 125 days.
5. Caporali F1. Ta bushe daga 90 zuwa 100 days.

marigayi iri

Late iri ne mafi mashahuri ga dogon lokaci ajiya da kuma workpiece, kiyayewa:

1. Amager.
2. Gingerbread Man F1.
3. Valentina F1.
4. Biryuchekutskaya-138.

shuka tsaba

A fili yake cewa ingancin da kabeji dogara da tsaba. Dole ne ka dauki nauyi ko alhakin su saye. Duk da haka, ya kamata ka yanke shawara kafin ka saya, a lõkacin da kuma abin da manufar da kuke bukata da shi. Sa'an nan za ka iya hukunci da abin da irin kara da ku mafi kyau: marigayi, farkon ko tsakiyar. Matsayin mai mulkin, idan mutane girma da kanka al'adu, da girmamawa da yake a kan hunturu iri. Kuma farkon da kuma tsakiyar za a iya dasa a cikin kananan yawa. Dole ka fahimci cewa farkon al'adu ne ba dace da guraben, da suka iya ba dogon ƙarya. Mid-sa dace duka biyu sabo amfani da salting. To, don ajiya a cikin hunturu ya kamata ka yi amfani da hunturu iri.

Farkon kabeji suna sown a farkon watan Maris, amma ba daga baya fiye da rana ta ashirin. Matsakaici iri za a iya sown bayan 25 ga watan Afrilu. Late-dasa al'ada daga farko kwanaki na Afrilu. Daga lokacin da cewa tsaba suna sown da kuma kafin kwanciya wuce, yawanci 45-50 kwanaki.

Kale - wannan ne al'adu, wanda aka sosai m a kan abun da ke ciki na kasar gona. Saboda haka, shi ne mafi alhẽri shirya a gaba. Ya kamata a gauraye a daidai sassa na Turf ƙasa, kuma humus. A cakuda da aka kara wa ash (1 tbsp. Cokali da 1 kilogram na ƙasa) wanda zai yi aiki a matsayin maganin antiseptik da kuma tushen da alama abubuwa. Wannan zai taimaka wajen tsayayya da bayyanar da irin wannan cuta a matsayin blackleg, a matasa shuke-shuke.

Zaka kuma iya shirya wata cakuda da kuma kadan daban-daban abun da ke ciki, misali, bisa peat. Yana ba za a iya amfani da dasa tsaba ƙasa, daga cikin lambu, a kan wanda ke tsiro da wani jinsunan Kale ko wasu cruciferous a matsayin babban rashin daidaito na pathogens, wanda zai iya halakar da seedlings.

Kafin shuka tsaba kamata a mai tsanani ga minti ashirin a cikin ruwa. Sa'an nan al'ada su saukar a cikin ruwan sanyi. Wannan sauki m inganta iri rigakafi zuwa fungal cututtuka. A tsari kafin dasa kabeji? Zai fi kyau jiƙa da tsaba a wani ci gaban stimulator ( "Silk", "Appin", "Humate"). Kafin dasa, ƙasar dole a da shayar da kuma daina humidify har zuwa wannan lokacin har sai ka ga sprouts. Tsaba suna sown a zurfin kasa da daya santimita. Sa'an nan saman kwalaye rufe da tsare su hana danshi daga evaporating ma. Amfanin gona da ya kamata a kiyaye a zazzabi na ashirin digiri.

da samun seedlings

Da farko harbe kamata bayyana a 4-5 days. Sa'an nan da fim za a iya cire da kuma rage zafin jiki na ciki har zuwa goma digiri. A karkashin irin wannan yanayi, da tsire-tsire ya kamata, har ta farko gaskiya ganyen kabeji. Sai seedlings ana sa a zazzabi na 18 digiri, su dole ne a kai a kai aired. A wannan lokacin ba za ka iya zuba ko overdry gona. A tsari sprouts bayan sprouting? Tsire-tsire ya kamata a hankali zuba wani rauni bayani daga manganese ko jan karfe sulphate.

Kamar yadda seedlings nutse?

Bayan mako guda da rabi bayan da fitowan na kayan lambu leaf kabeji nutse, saboda shuke-shuke bukatar karin sarari ga al'ada ci gaba. Kafin transplanting gona da shayar. Bugu da ari, kowane seedling ne riƙi fita tare da wani curi na kasar gona da pruned da na uku tushen. Sa'ilin da precipitated a wani beaker tare da cakuda. Za ka iya shuka da tsaba da farko a cikin mutum tukunyar, to, kada bukatar nutse har seedlings. Shuke-shuke daga mutum kwantena sauki sa'an nan transplanted cikin bude ƙasa, suna kasa bacin rai.

Kafin dasa kabeji a cikin bude ƙasa wajibi ne a cikin makonni biyu na ta fushi. Don yin wannan, bar iska ta shiga cikin dakin, sa'an nan za a fara yin shuke-shuke a kan baranda.

Kabeji: dasa, barbarar

Seedlings dasa a bude ƙasa a lokacin da shi ya riga yana biyar ko bakwai leaflets, da kuma tsawo ya kai 12-20 santimita. Irin wannan Manuniya ne daban-daban iri biyu kusakusa a daban-daban sau. Alal misali, a farkon shirye a farkon watan Mayu, yayin da tsakiyar da kuma marigayi - by karshen wannan watan ko a tsakiyar watan Yuni.

Kafin kabeji dasa a bude ƙasa, shirya mai kyau site for shi. Ya kamata a yi rana. Early iri fi son m gona da baƙin yumɓu, da kuma na marigayi da kuma tsakiyar dace lãka gona da baƙin yumɓu. Ya kamata a tuna da cewa tsire-tsire ne tantama ba dace acidic ƙasa. Bugu da kari, namo wani al'ada ba za a iya samar da su a cikin ƙasa da cewa shi ne gurbata bacteriosis (shekaru takwas). Har ila yau kyawawa kabeji dasa a cikin wadanda wuraren girma cikin 'yan lokutan da sauran cruciferous (turnip, radish, turnip, radish).

A kasar gona da aka shirya a gaba, da suka fara a cikin fall. Duniya ta tono a kan wani bayoneti spade, kuma bar su ciyar da hunturu. Its surface lallai ba ne su tsara a layi, magudi tabbatacce sakamako a kan aiwatar da riƙe danshi. A farkon bazara a lõkacin da snow narke, kasar gona da aka baje tare da rake, cire weeds farko.

Early iri ana shuka a nesa na 50 zuwa 60 santimita, da kuma marigayi kuma tsakiyar - a nesa na 60 zuwa 70. Too m shuka ya kamata ba za a sanya, domin suna bukatar mai yawa haske da sarari.

Rijiyoyin bukatar ka yi fiye da da tushen da seedlings. Kowane rami ya kamata a sa a kan wani dintsi na peat, yashi, humus, hamsin grams na ash kuma ½ teaspoon nitrophosphate. Duka wannan yana yalwa shayar. Next, da shuke-shuke ana shuka a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa ƙananan ganye kasance a kan wannan matakin da ƙasa.

Kale: Care

Bayan dasa kabeji dole ne da farko lokacin da za a duba, kamar yadda zai dauki tushen. Za ka iya bukatar dan lokaci pritenit shi dan kadan. A lokacin da ya gabata, shi ne mafi kyau ya shayar da shuke-shuke kowane maraice. A nan gaba kula da seedlings ba haka wuya. Ya za a weeding, loosening kasar gona, watering, magani da cututtuka da kuma karin kwari, na yau da kullum barbarar.

Bayan makonni uku bayan dasa a bude ƙasa shuke-shuke da suke bukatar su tudu. Kwana goma daga baya, da hanya da aka maimaita.

watering

Don girma amfanin gona mai kyau kabeji, ya kamata a tabbatar an tsayar da ban ruwa yanayin. Ta yana bukatar mai yawa ruwa. Shi ne mafi kyau ga shayar da shuke-shuke da yamma. A wani low zazzabi isa ya yi shi sau daya a mako, amma a zafi weather hydration kamata a da za'ayi kowane kwana biyu ko uku.

Fi dacewa, bayan kowace watering dole ne sassauta cikin ƙasa. Ma'aikata kullum bayar da shawarar bayar wa mulching tare da peat (har zuwa biyar santimita m), wanda taimaka ga riƙe danshi a cikin ƙasa, kuma a lokaci guda ciyarwar da shuke-shuke.

Yadda za a gudanar da wani ciyar?

A farko miya ne da za'ayi kwana goma bayan da nutse shuke-shuke. Don wannan cakuda da aka narkar a ruwa, 2 grams na potash taki, superphosphate da 4 grams biyu grams na ammonium nitrate. Irin wannan yawa na abubuwa da narkar da a daya lita na ruwa. Wannan ruwa isa ya ciyar 50-60 shuke-shuke.

Wadannan takin ake amfani a makonni biyu. Wannan yana amfani da wannan halitta. Idan ka lura da yellowing na matasa shuke-shuke, suna bukatar da za a shayar da wani bayani da ruwa taki (1:10). Wani miya aka yi kafin dasa kabeji a cikin ƙasa. Domin ta yin amfani da ammonium nitrate (3 g), superphosphate (5 grams) da kuma potassium taki (8 grams). A aka gyara an narkar da a lita na ruwa. Potash taimako kwanta da kabeji a cikin bude ƙasa. Ba zuwa tinker tare da shiri na bayani, za ka iya saya taki kira "Kemira Suite".

barbarar shuke-shuke a cikin seedling lokaci, zai samar da wani mafi m girma a nan gaba.

Processing na al'ada

Bayan kwanciya kabeji yafa ash gauraye da taba ƙura. Wannan zai taimaka wajen kare kananan shuke-shuke daga cikin gwanjo beetles kuma slugs. Magungunan kashe qwari ba sosai da kyau a yi amfani da matsayin da kabeji ne har yanzu a matsakaitan abinci. Akwai sauki hanyoyin da za a kare daga kwari ba tare da yin amfani da "sunadarai."

Larvae da aphids an halaka su da spraying wadannan jiko na: tumatir fi (2 kg) da aka cika da ruwa (5 lita) da kuma infused for hudu. Sa'an nan, da resultant ruwa da aka Boiled for sa'o'i uku, bayan da shi dole ne kwantar da hankali. Kafin amfani, shi aka diluted da ruwa (rabo - 1: 2). Don mafi alhẽri bayani da aka dauka a shuka, ba kawai a guje saukar, yana iya ƙara grated kwalta sabulu.

A cikin yaki da caterpillars da aphids za a iya amfani da albasa kwasfa, daga abin da shirya wani tincture. Domin wannan Mudun kwasfa zuba 2 lita, daga ruwan zãfi da kuma nace kwana biyu. A bayani da aka tace, kara zuwa biyu lita na ruwa da ruwa da sabulu.

Ma'aikata bayar da shawarar a matsayin ma'auni na gwagwarmaya da kwari sanya a kusa da kabeji dasa Sage, marigold, coriander, Rosemary, Basil. Wadannan shuke-shuke tare fleas, kwari, aphids.