Oktoba Palace (Kiev): tarihi da gine-gine

Daya daga cikin katunan kasuwanci na Ukrainian babban birnin kasar ne dauke da Oktoba Palace. Kiev m gine-gine da ayyukan vibrantly da kuma rike ko da mafi duhu shafukan da ta tarihi.

Fitacciyar Vincent da Alexander Beretti

A 1834 Dmitry Begichev Janar bayar da Estate da uku-labarin gida na University of Kiev. Amma a request na majalisar dattawan gari ƙasar da aka mika wa gina Cibiyar Noble akwai mãtã. Yi ya fara a 1838 da kuma tsawon shekaru biyar.

Known Kiev m, Vikentiy Beretti, na zabi da style of marigayi classicism. Amma su bi ta hanyar ba su aiki - ya mutu kafin kammala aikin da ɗansa, Alexander. Babban ginin uku hawa zo. Yana yana da biyu rayuwa dakuna (ga malamai, dalibai da kuma bayinsa), kuma kai tsaye zuwa azuzuwa. A semicircular risalit housed da Orthodox da Katolika. Around gine-gine kiliya da walkways da haimõmi, da kuma yankin da aka kewaye da wani babban shinge.

A wannan lokacin babu wanda ake zargin cewa kawai, shẽkara ɗari da townspeople, Magana game da halittar wani mahaifi da dansa Beretta, za a magana game da shi: "Oktoba Palace". Kiev Na kaddamar da sabon ginin Cibiyar Noble akwai mãtã.

Ina kika karatu da kuma fahimta cewa daraja na farko?

A 'yan mata daga daraja asalin dake da shekaru 8 da shekaru 13 da' yancin tafiyar da wata karewa makaranta a jama'a kudi. A m 'yar zo nan bayan ubanninsu ko majiɓinta, sun sanya musu wani babba fee (350 rubles a azurfa ga shekara). Shi ne mai shiga makaranta, wanda shirya wani ado da kuma da'a ilimi. Akwai aka karatu:

• Rasha adabi da kuma adabi.
• waje harsuna (Polish, Jamus da kuma Faransa).
• tauhidin (Orthodox ko Katolika) da kuma coci tsarkakewa.
• labarin kasa da tarihi;
• ilmin lissafi.
• kayan yau da kullum na mineralogy da kimiyyar lissafi.
• zane da kuma graphics.
• dancing.
• needlework da housekeeping.

Kimiyya Hakika dade shekaru shida. A shirin da aka raba uku siffofin, kowane na tsawon shekaru biyu. A karshen ilimi ma'aikata da kuma samun wata diploma digiri na yarda rike matsayi na governesses a cikin iyalai na manya da 'yan kasuwa. Saboda haka a tsakiyar XIX karni, da Oktoba Palace (Kyiv) ya ƙirƙira na koyarwa ma'aikatan a yankin. Ko da yake a gaskiya daga cikin masu digiri a iya samun shahararrun marubuta, da mawaƙa, da pianists.

Su ilimi na 'yan matan shige mafi kyau malaman Kyiv gymnasiums da kuma farfesa a cikin Kiev na mallaka University of St. Vladimir. Daga cikin su suna da irin sanannun masana kimiyya, kamar yadda Nicholas von Bunge, damban ne Vitaly Shulgin, Mykola Kostomarov Mykola Lysenko.

A tsawon lokaci, da Cibiyar Noble akwai mãtã ya zama haka rare cewa wadanda fata su koyi da shi ya mai yawa fiye da damar da yiwuwar ma'aikata. Institutskaya titi, a kan abin da jiki da aka sake masa suna (da Street Janar Begichev) don wannan dalili.

Soviet zamanin

A sabon ikon da ya kawo canje-canje a duk duniyoyin rayuwa. Saboda haka, a 1919, an rufe ta da Cibiyar Noble akwai mãtã saboda rashin wannan a cikin kasar. A titi da aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa ga proletarian juyin juya halin - 25 Oktoba. A nan, a takaice housed ofisoshin gwamnati, sa'an nan Ya daidaitu College fata masana'antu.

Wani sabon milestone a cikin tarihi na ginin an haɗa da dawo da babban birnin na Republican matsayi a 1934. Oktoba Palace (Kiev) ya zama wurin zama na NKVD. A ta cellars da aka gina masallatai domin fursunonin siyasa, kazalika da gabatarwa domin azabtarwa da kuma kisan. Akwai aka azabtar da aka kashe da mafi kyau wakilan na Ukrainian kawo dukkan - marubuta, artists, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo, da likitoci, lauyoyi, soja. Duk waɗanda suka yi ĩmãni da sabuwar gwamnatin, kuma ba musanyâ su da mahaifarsa su zauna a cikin zaman talala.

Devastation da kuma farfadowa da na'ura

A yakin duniya na biyu halakar da gini zuwa ga ƙasa. Its Tarurrukan (a 1952-1958 shekaru), wata tawagar da gine-ginen jagorancin Alekseya Zavarova ya zama gaske m yanzu. Ya yi aiki a kan gina rabin yawan Kiev - ma'aikata, dalibai, makarantar sakandare dalibai, kazalika da al'adu da kuma fasaha. Daga wannan lokacin, da na aikin sunan ginin ya za a furta kamar yadda Oktoba Palace. Kiev buɗe ƙofofin Haikali na farko kallo Disamba 24, 1957.

By tsakiyar 1970s, wannan wuri shi ne babban scene na kasar. The masu sauraro da aka dauka har zuwa 2200 mutane. Akwai mafi muhimmanci wasanni, kide, tarurruka da kuma congresses a Ukraine. A kowace shekara akwai Kirsimeti jam'iyyar. Bugu da kari, a lokacin da fadar bude sashe daban-daban - gargajiya rawa, jama'a dance, tsarkakewa da kuma jama'a songs.

International Center Al'adu da Arts

New lokaci ya allura a cikin siyasa da al'adu Sphere na kasar sabo ne sojojin. Kakkarfa iskõki da canji a shekarar 1991 ya miliyoyin Ukrainians fatan wani sabon rai. Cewa ban kwana ga 'yan baya, mun sake suna dukan birane da kuma prospectuses, kungiyar da kuma yankin. A karkashin janar hum Gwargwadon da topographical sababbin abubuwa Institutskaya Street kõma ta pre-Soviet sunan.

Palace duk wannan lokaci ya kasance mai gaskiya ne m cibiyar na Ukrainian babban birnin kasar. Saboda haka, ya library alfahari na musamman da tarin littattafai fiye da 70 000 kundin. Akwai da dama daga ayyukan tare da sa hannu na sanannun marubuta, composers, jami'an diplomasiyan, 'yan siyasa, yan majalisa da kuma sauran jama'a Figures wanda gudummawar da ta ruhaniya Tarurrukan na Ukraine. Well-lit da faɗi da dakuna, da zaure ne a kai a kai fage na iri-iri na nune-nunen. Opportunities Center kewayon daga iyali taron zuwa manyan kasashen duniya taro, symposia, taro kuma congresses.

Tuni a cikin XXI karni, da gidan sarki zama International Center Al'adu da Arts. Gasa da bukukuwa da ake shirya a nan ne na kasa holidays. Masu sana'a da kuma mai son wasan kwaikwayo da kamfanoni da concert was daga kasashe daban-daban la'akari da shi da wani daraja bayyana a kan ta mataki.

Kuma da jama'a daga al'ada, magana game da cibiyar, Ya Kalmar "Oktoba Palace" (Kyiv). adireshin kasa cibiyoyin kwanan nan canza sake. A gini ne har yanzu dake kusa da Independence Square a kan tudun a cikin gidan lambar 1, amma titi Samaniya daruruwan.