Nau'in, manufa da kuma zane-zane da na bearings

Qazanta zane-zane da a yau ake sosai yadu amfani a fannoni daban daban na zamani da samar, saboda yana da cikakken asowa, wanda a yau ake amfani da su a mafi yawan fifikon da dama sunadaran da majalisai. Don kwanan wata, da tartsatsi amfani a kome daga dada art yau da kullum da kuma kammala tare da babbar kayan amfani a masana'antu samar da kayan aiki.

Babu wani daga cikin zamani sha'anin, masana'antu hadaddun ko masana'antu jam'iyya ba zai iya yin amfani da wadannan ko wasu nadi na bearings da kuma kayayyakin da kansu, wanda ta haka ne da wata iyaka rayuwa, da kuma kawai dalilin wannan sabon abu ne cewa su kawai ba su da wani takamaiman madadin. A wannan connection, a ci gaba da aiki na daban-daban kamfanonin, ya kuma inganta tattalin arziki yadda ya dace shi ne kai tsaye dogara a kan yadda yawa samuwa a dace hanya da kuma sa wadanda kayayyakin a taron na lalacewa.

labarin

Ba dukkan daidai fahimta da tsohon maganarsu, magana game da abin da sabon abubuwa ne kawai dogon-manta baya. Wannan m sanarwa ne quite dace da kusan kowane zamani da fasaha, musamman kamar yadda Game da hali, duk da cewa tun wannan lokacin, kamar yadda akwai na farko zane-zane da na bearings, ya riga wata babbar juyin hanya, da kuma da farko wadannan kayayyakin duba nisa kamar yadda yau suna da yawa.

Idan ka kawai dulmuya zurfi a cikin tarihi, ya kamata a fara da 3500 BC, lokacin da mazaunan zamanin d Misira amfani, ko quite m, amma a lokaci guda na da lokaci sosai tasiri support bearings, wanda, duk da haka, a cikin lokacin bai yi ba tukuna an yi amfani da bukukuwa. Aƙalla 700-m BC Celts riga da aka sani da kuma amfani da quite aiki kayayyakin, wanda a zamaninmu zane-zane da koma zuwa kamar yadda bearings, cylindrical nadi na'urar.

A mataki na gaba - 330 BC, a cikin abin da daya daga cikin shahararrun injiniyoyi na zamanin d Girka Diad ya iya ya halicci wani cikakken fledged kewaye injuna, daya daga cikin manyan abubuwa na wanda kasance quite m bearings. Wannan inji ne mai high-sa m battering rago cewa zai iya sauƙi matsar kusa da taimakon nadi shiryar. Wannan shi ne yadda za, a yi, da manufa da aka nuna da ake kira da wani ball qazanta, wato, da zamiya gogayya samun canji na mirgina gogayya, don haka da mota zai iya sauƙi yi ta dawainiya, ta amfani da nisa kasa iko.

A 1490, Leonardo Vinci ƙirƙira duniya na farko mirgina hali zane. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa da sabuwar dabara ya sa a real dama a gwani da'ira, amma a gaskiya tare da nassi na lokaci, da yawa sun lura cewa, a lokacin da wannan labarin ya kasance kawai ba m aikace-aikace.

A 1794 akwai na farko mallakar na wani hali mirgina, wanda shi ne kama da na zamani na'urar. Abin baƙin ciki, da yin amfani da wannan samfurin, a yi, kuma, aka ba ƙaddara ta faru, domin a domin cikakken yi wannan ra'ayin, ya wajaba a yi wasu fasaha yiwuwa, a matsayin yin amfani da hannu polishing ba zai yiwu a cimma dace da sakamakon.

A 1839, wani masanin kimiyya daga Amirka, mai suna Isaac Babbitt ƙirƙira musamman gami, abin da ya fara a iya samar da bukukuwa, wanda ya hada da kara a membobinsu cikakken nadi hali. Wannan gami hada a abun da ke ciki jan karfe, antimony, gubar da tin.

Bugu da ari, akwai wani real nasara a filin daga sauti daga wani fasaha ra'ayi, qazanta Tsarin, da kuma manyan yawancin su, ba shakka, an jadadda mallaka. A 1853, Phillip Moritz Fischer zayyanawa na farko a cikin tarihin na keke feda, wanda sunadaran dauke da musamman abin nadi hali.

A karshe gaske da muhimmanci don fara tartsatsi watsa da kuma amfani da irin wannan samfurin ci gaba ya kasance da cewa Friedrich Fischer halitta a 1883, da mota da wanda za'ayi a nika bukukuwa sanya na taurare karfe. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa wannan na'ura cinma matakin qarshe na nika, wanda a baya ya kasance kawai unattainable. Ta hanyar halittar da wannan na'ura zo duniya-sanannen shveynfurtskoy hali shuka, da kuma a nan gaba, da irin kayayyakin riga fara da za a yi amfani da kusan ko'ina.

Tun daga nan ci gaba da yin inganta fasahar ake booming - sayi mafi m kayan aiki, ya fara kai hali lambar, ɓullo wasu bukatunsu na samarwa. A ƙarshe, mun gani saba wa da yawa kayayyakin, ba tare da wanda a yau shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu su yi tunanin da zamani samar.

A mafi m da kuma rare a zamaninmu za a iya kira da bayyana bearings da kuma nadi bearings, don haka a cikin wannan labarin, za mu magance shi ne su yi amfani da.

mirgina bearings

Babbar ka'idar da wannan aikace-aikace ne da hali da karfi na gogayya bearings. Irin wannan samfurin yana da wani tsarin wanda aka hada da biyu karfe zobba da wani tsagi, wanda aka shirya tsakanin rollers, needles ko bukukuwa, da wurin zama a cikin SEPARATOR zubar tsakanin zobba. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa ba za ka iya samun daya hali lambar, samar da yiwuwar rashi na SEPARATOR a zane.

Mene ne su bambance-bambance?

Modern bearings zuwa rarraba da dama na asali siffofin:

• Type gawarwakin ake amfani da su samar da sosai bearings - wani nadi / allura ko ball bearings.
• Rubuta yiwu load - mikakke dirka, radial, kuma mai kusurwa lamba ball sukurori.
• A total number of abubuwa amfani - daga guda jere don multirow.
• The yiwuwar samar da diyya ga gaskiya cewa zane ne ba jeri na hannun riga da shaft - nesamoustanavlivayuschiesya da kuma kai-aligning.

abũbuwan amfãni

Akwai da dama daga abũbuwan amfãni cewa rarrabe waɗannan bearings. Gost buga quite m samar nagartacce irin kayayyakin, yarda da abin da ya kamata samar da wadannan amfanin:

• Musamman high KDA wanda aka bayar ta cimma wani m asarar saboda gogayya.
• A wasu lokuta, a wasu lokuta, ko da sau goma karami gogayya karfin juyi idan aka kwatanta tare da bayyana zahiri.
• The complete babu wani bukatar yin amfani da tsada ba ferrous karafa, ba tare da wanda ba za a iya amfani da yadda ya kamata bearings, wanda yake shi ne musamman tasiri a kan asali kudin, saboda haka, da karshe farashin, wanda suna da bearings. Gost haka quite a fili ya nuna bukatun ga su samar, don haka ba da damuwa game da cewa ga kasa kudi za ka samu kasa ingancin samfurin.
• Ability zuwa tsirar bearings na kusan duk wani size da kake sha'awar da shugabanci na axis, sabõda haka, sũ aikace-aikace kewayon aka mika da yawa.
• Excellent yi sigogi kazalika da sauki a cika sabis a hade tare da dangi sauƙi da sauyawa.
• Musamman low man shafawa amfani.
• Low isasshen darajar cewa wakiltar da sakamako na ma mai girma taro samar da irin wannan articles, da kuma adadin kayan amfani.
• Quite wani babban mataki na interchangeability, wanda kuma yana da kyau sakamako a kan sauran darajar sauki da kuma sauri na gyara na daban-daban kayan aiki da kuma kayan aiki.

fursunoni

Wannan shi ne ba a ce ko da nadi na shigo da bearings na da irin wannan tanadi cewa suna da wasu drawbacks, wato:

• A gwada da kananan kewayon aikace-aikace. A mafi yawan lokuta m idan kwakkwance nuna a fakaice bearings, deciphering su halaye a fili suna nuni da su unsuitability ga cikakken amfani in kayan aiki aiki a matsananci-high gudu da kuma tare da manyan vibration da kuma buga lodi, kamar yadda duk da irin wannan articles ba batu.
• Quite babban nauyi da kuma girma a cikin radial shugabanci.
• Rashin damar haifar da gaba daya noiseless bearings saboda kuskure siffofin.
• Ã'a wuya shigarwa na kowane irin qazanta majalisai.
• Ya kamata ya zama musamman m tabbatar da cewa kamar yadda a hankali kamar yadda yiwu a kafa irin wannan kayayyakin, kamar yadda evidenced da tsarin rubutu bearings. Dikodi mai babban sigogi da m misalai na amfani da shawara cewa, ko da kananan rashin daidaito na iya ƙarshe kai ga kashe dukan site.
• A kan aiwatar da Manufacturing kananan batches na bearings tare da wadanda ba misali girma dabam na kudin ƙaruwa wajen karfi.

Bayyana bearings

Nadi Gost hali da shawara cewa, da zamiya na'urar ne wani jiki tare da wani rami a ciki wanda shi ne mai lubricating na'urar da musamman hannun riga sanya na antifriction abu. Juyawa daga cikin shaft ne da za'ayi ta yarda bayar da tsakanin shi da rami. Ya kamata a lura da cewa lissafin da rata aka bai kulawa ta musamman, kamar yadda in ba haka ba kawai ba su iya samar da wani gaske tasiri yi wannan samfurin. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa nadi na SKF bearings da tambura na sauran manyan duniya kera, a kalla, na iya zama m cewa su halaye dace da wani babban matakin da kayayyakin da za su ba da damar zuwa shakka tasiri na data kasance kayayyakin.

Zamiya gogayya a wadannan kayayyakin ne zuwa kashi da dama babban Categories:

• Iyakar. The man shafawa rufe bakin ciki fim samfurin, yayin da hali ne a lamba tare da shaft zuwa cikakken ko kawai rinjayar yankunan kan dogon zango.
• Liquid. Ta hanyar da aikace-aikace na wani ruwa man shafawa Layer isasshe cire kai tsaye m lamba hali da kuma shaft saman. Irin wannan lamba iya ko dai gaba daya ba a nan ko zama m, a wasu yankunan.
• Gas. Saboda gaban gas Layer tsakanin labarin da shaft ne gaba daya shafe ta da yiwuwar kai tsaye lamba.
• Dry. The man shafawa ba a yi amfani da manufa, da kuma shafts haka gama rufe hali diameters ko karya a kan waɗanda rabo na babba tsawon.

Dangane da irin samfurin da za a iya amfani da roba, ruwa, gaseous ko m man shafawa.

rarrabuwa

A rarrabuwa na irin kayayyakin ne da za'ayi bisa ga wadannan siffofin:

• Hole juna - odnopoverhnostnye ko mnogopoverhnostnye. kashe-cibiyar ko ba tare da nuna bambanci. canja ko surface ba tare da hijira.
• Kwatance tasowa load - axial, radial ko kusurwa lamba.
• Yawan amfani da man fetur bawuloli - daya ko biyu ko fiye.
• Construction - tsaga, daya-yanki ko gina.
• Adjustability - ikon daidaita ko ta rashi.

abũbuwan amfãni

Da yake jawabi game da babban abũbuwan amfãni daga irin kayayyakin, duk su akwai da dama:

• Musamman fadi da kewayon yiwu aikace-aikace saboda gaskiyar cewa bearings iya aiki kullum ko da a babban bugu da vibration lodi, ko a isasshe high gudun.
• Isasshe babban mataki na yadda ya dace, a lokacin da amfani da manyan diamita shaft.
• Ability don amfani a matsayin releasable hali.
• Ability don samar da daidaito da rata, don haka da cewa shaft axis za a iya kafa da matsananci daidaici.

shortcomings

Wannan, ba shakka, domin irin wannan kayayyakin, akwai wasu disadvantages:

• Ba kamar cewa, kamar yadda aka nuna ta nadi na mirgina bearings, shi ne ba da mafi yadda ya dace, kamar yadda akwai quite gagarumin asarar saboda gogayya.
• Babu yiwuwar tabbatar da al'ada aiki ba tare da na yau da kullum lubrication.
• M lalacewa fil, da kuma samfurin kanta.
• Isa babban kudin saboda da bukatar yau da kullum da yin amfani da wadanda ba ferrous karafa a cikin masana'antu tsari.
• A babbar aiki shigar da a samar.

alama

Dukan kayayyakin da ake kera a Rasha, ya kamata a bukata za a labeled da masana'antun, da kuma kafa da hali nadi daidai da Gost. A lakabtawa na wani zamani hali kunshi bakwai lambobi daga cikin manyan zane-zane da, kazalika da wasu ƙarin haruffa da suke a kan hagu ko dama daga cikin manyan zane-zane da. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa babban ƙarin alama a kan hagu dole ne ko da yaushe a rabu da wani jan layi, yayin da dama ne harafi na zahiri. A wannan yanayin, a cikin ãyõyin a wani hali da ya kamata a karanta kawai daga hagu zuwa dama.

Leftist ãyõyi, wanda ya hada da nadi na bearings a cikin zane, dauke da wadannan:

• gogayya karfin juyi.
• kayayyakin category;
• daidaito aji .
• kungiyar radial yarda.

A dama da aka nuna kamar haka:

• tsarin canje-canje.
• kayan amfani a cikin masana'antu tsari data abubuwa.
• man shafawa.
• da tempering zazzabi.
• da bukatu don tabbatar da wani matakin na vibration.

diameters

Idan wani nadi diamita size ne ba fiye da 10 mm, sa'an nan da darajar an dauki maras muhimmanci diamita, da kuma kawai togiya wannan ne bearings da ciwon takware da diameters a cikin kewayon 0.6-2.5 mm, nadi da aka yi da wani fractional lambar. A wasu yanayi, idan diamita na wani fractional darajar, sa'an nan lakabin za a taso keya zuwa wani lamba, yayin da na biyu wuri a cikin tsarin rubutu na wannan samfurin da aka saka lambar "5".

Hali rami wanda diamita ne 10, 12, 15 ko 17 mm a diamita da ta nadi lambobi 00, 01, 02 ko 03 bi da bi. Idan wannan bude wanda size ne a cikin kewayon 10 zuwa 19 mm, amma wannan ba kunshe a cikin jerin lissafa a sama, sa'an nan da samfurin da aka sanya mafi kusa lamba daga sama, da kuma yawan "9" da aka sanya a cikin na uku matsayin alama.

Idan rami diamita ne 22, 28, 32 ko 500 mm, a wannan yanayin, da suka saka fractional darajar. Alal misali, wani samfurin da 22 mm diamita iya samun nadi "602/22."

Idan rami diamita ne duka ko fractional lambar da cewa ba a mahara na biyar, wanda idan aka tsara shi yadda taso keya zuwa wani lamba na quotient na diamita a 5. Saboda haka ainihin tsarin rubutu irin wannan articles hada da uku lambobi "9".

A ciki diamita na hali da ciwon huda wucewa 500 mm, yana da wata ãyã wanda shi ne m tare da kayyade rami diamita lasafta a millimeters.

Bugu da kari, girma jerin nuna hali, wanda ya hada da wani hade da jerin widths da diameters domin sanin ainihin girman.