Model na zaman jama'a da manufofin

A zamanin yau, akwai daban-daban model na zaman jama'a siyasa a kasashe daban-daban. A yau Rasha, dole ne mu ma yi mai yawa ya zama zamantakewa jihar, ba a kalmomi amma a ayyukan ƙwarai, kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin kundin tsarin mulki. The sosai farko zamantakewa jindadin tsarin yana dauke kafa a cikin karni na 19th Jamus Chancellor Otto von Bismarck ta zamantakewa tsaro da manufofin, wanda ya hada da gabatarwar musamman shirye-shirye daban-daban domin zamantakewa kungiyoyin. Irin wannan tsarin aka dauke da kamfanoni-mazan jiya, kamar yadda aka mayar da hankali a kan zaman jama'a da bambance-bambance. hakkokin yan dogara a kan su zamantakewa matsayi.

A halin yanzu kasashen Turai, akwai uku model zaman jama'a siyasa, wanda za a iya kira ra'ayin mazan jiya, American-Birtaniya da kuma Social Democratic-.

A farko model, jihar ne ke da alhakin kawai ga batun na zaman jama'a amfanin. Irin wannan model bi a Jamus, Faransa, Austria, Belgium. A West Germany, da ake kira "social kasuwar tattalin arziki" da aka gabatar a shekarar 1946, da ra'ayin da ya ga Ya halitta yanayi na kai-ganin na 'yan kasa a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. zaman jama'a da inshora kudi kudi da aiki da wani ma'aikaci, da kuma rabu da irin aiki. A wannan model, zaman jama'a inshora siyasa da manufa na da hakkin ya sami ayyuka ga waɗanda suka yi gudunmawar da asusu.

Wani model, wanda aka kira a Birtaniya ko American-Birtaniya - a tsarin da damar da gwamnatin don bai wa jama'a ne kawai na kudin mai rai.

Amfanin da ake biya ga kowa da kowa wanda yake a cikin abincinsa matakin. Wannan niyya zamantakewa taimako ga matalautan sassa na yawan jama'a. Wannan tsari na zamantakewa da manufofin na jihar riƙe a Ingila, United States of America, Australia.

Kuma a karshe, daya more samfurin da aka aiwatar a cikin Mulkin Sweden. The Social Democratic model kuma ake kira Norse, kamar yadda shi aiki a dama Scandinavian kasashen - Norway, Finland da kuma Denmark. A Scandinavian model na digiri na redistribution na samun kudin shiga da kuma kashe kudi ne muhimmanci mafi girma idan aka kwatanta da baya biyu model. Wakilai daga daban-daban na zamantakewa kungiyoyin da daidaita hakkoki game da jin dadin jama'a. A cikin mulkin Sweden da Social Democrats halitta a tsarin da aka dogara ne a kan wani arziki ga kowa da kowa zaune ijara. A wannan model, zaman jama'a manufofin da wani gagarumin rabo daga cikin halin kaka haifa ta jihar, yafi alhakin goyon bayan al'uma da jama'ar na kasar. A muhimmiyar rawa a cikin zaman jama'a da manufofin (al'adu, kiwon lafiya, ilimi) bai wa municipalities. The main manufofin na zamantakewa manufofin masu "Swedish gurguzanci" da aka kira a 100% aiki, da samun kudin shiga daidaici. Cimma wadannan manufofin ne da za'ayi ta hanyar samun kudin shiga ta hanyar haraji redistribution manufofin,

Domin Rasha, zai yiwuwa ya zama mafi ban sha'awa Scandinavian bambance-bambancen, tun a kasar mu da gwaninta na zamantakewa cinikayya shi ne gwada da kananan, kuma duk da haka kungiyoyin kwadago ne gwada da rauni. Social-demokra] iyya version of jindadin jihar za su yarda su isa wani jayayya tsakanin jihar, babban birnin kasar da kuma aiki. A farkon gabatarwar da wani m sikelin da haraji tsarin, kamar yadda a cikin Nordic model, sun gudummawar da ganin na fi tabbatar da adalci a Rasha. Wannan paternalistic model na zaman jama'a da manufofin zai zama ban sha'awa ga mafi Russia. Duk da haka, to zo da manufofin da zamantakewa alhakin a Rasha ne mai wuya ya zama zai yiwu har da neoliberal shigarwa ba za a fuskantar zaman hadin kai da kuma zaman cinikayya.