Mene ne wani teratogen? Sanadin nakasar anomalies

A cikin 'yan shekaru, yawan yaran da aka haifa tare da munanan na ci gaba, an yi haƙuri kara. Wannan shi ne saboda da teratogenic effects (daga Girkanci. Teros dodo, Freak) dalilai, shi ne a utero jiki ne musamman m. A wannan yanayin, da yawa (ko da yake ba ko da yaushe) ya dogara da uwar ta da alhakin.

Saboda haka, gwarzo na Hugo ta Quasimodo shi ne har yanzu a cikin mahaifa mutilated kansa uwa, na jan tare da wani m ciki a lokacin daukar ciki domin ya sayar da mafi tsada yaro-dodo. Wannan shi ne manufar "teratogen" da aka sani ga mutane da dadewa.

Akayi na tayi shigewa

A mataki na shigewa da tayin lokacin daukar ciki dabam, likitoci rarrabe 3, saukarwa.

1. Wannan mataki daukan farko hours of gestation zuwa 18 ta. A wannan lokaci, idan akwai babban adadin lalace Kwayoyin, akwai wani yunkri ashara. Idan da zubar da ciki bai faru, tayi iya sauri mayar lalace Kwayoyin ba tare da lalacewar kiwon lafiya. Kawai sa, a wannan mataki ne kawai hanyoyi biyu - ko dai tayi mutu, ko da cikakkiyar sifa kara.
2. A mataki na biyu ne halin da mafi girma shigewa da tayin. Stage daukan 18 zuwa 60 days. A lokacin wannan lokaci kafa mafi tsanani cuta, wani lokacin ma m da rai. Likitoci suka ce cewa mafi hatsari malformations kafa up to 36 kwana daga baya su ne m pronounced, da kuma faruwa infrequently, ba kirgawa lahani na urogenital tsarin da wuya palate. Shi ya sa mata da ciki na har zuwa watanni uku ne sau da yawa wani hadarin ashara. A wannan lokaci shi yana da muhimmanci musamman kula da nasu kiwon lafiya, saboda shi ya dogara da nan gaba kiwon lafiya na baby.
3. A wannan lokacin, da tayin da aka riga ya kafa gabobin da su da tsarin, don haka su ci gaba da ba zai iya zama ba daidai ba. Amma akwai wani hadarin fetal girma, da mutuwa da nth yawan Kwayoyin, tabarbarewar wani daga cikin jikinsu. A mafi m yaro ta juyayi tsarin.

Nau'in teratogens

Kalmar "teratogenesis" (aukuwa na ci gaba lahani) ya kasu kashi biyu iri - anomalies tasowa daga m muhalli illa da kuma anomalies sakamakon hereditary cututtuka. Duk da haka, manufar "teratogen" mai da kawai na farko da irin. Wannan sunadarai, nazarin halittu da kuma sauran abubuwan da suka haddasa nakasar malformations na gabobin da kuma tsarin.

Nau'in teratogens kamar haka.

1. Sunadarai.
2. Ionizing radiation.
3. Wrong hanyar rayuwa ciki.
4. Kamuwa da cuta.

Chemicals kamar teratogen

Kowane harhaɗa magunguna tabbatar da cewa wani sinadaran ne mai guba a high allurai ga jiki. Wannan Gaskiya ne, na mata masu juna biyu, wanda aka sosai a hankali zabi magani idan an da ake bukata.

A jerin sunadarai da za su iya cutar da tayin, kullum updated, A halin yanzu, ba za mu iya ce cewa duk wani abu na wannan jerin kamar yadda wani teratogen, an daure su sa raya ci gaban munanan, ko da yake wasu kwayoyi iya zahiri kara hadarin wannan sabon abu a 2-3. An tabbatar da cewa mafi hatsari kwayoyi na trimester na ciki, amma tasiri a lokacin awo II kuma III ba cikakken gane. An sani ga kawai detrimental sakamako na thalidomide, musamman a 34-50 kwanaki na gestation.

A mafi girma Hazard zuwa ciki wakiltar danshin na Mercury, toluene, benzene, hlordifenil Irinta. Kuma da wadannan rukuni na kwayoyi:

1. Tetracyclines (maganin rigakafi).
2. Valproic acid, amfani da convulsions da epilepsy, kazalika da trimethadione.
3. "Busulfan" (Shiri sanya a leukemias).
4. Androgen hormone mataki.
5. "Captopril", "Enalapril" (nuna a hauhawar jini).
6. Aidin mahadi.
7. "MTX" (exerts wani immunosuppressive sakamako).
8. Lithium carbonate.
9. "Tiamazol" (thyrostatic nufin).
10. "Penicillamine" (amfani da autoimmune halayen).
11. "Isotretinoin" (wani analogue da bitamin A).
12. "Diethylstilbestrol" (hormone shiri).
13. "Thalidomide" (kwayoyin maganin barci).
14. "Cyclophosphamide" (anti-ciwon daji miyagun ƙwayoyi).
15. "Etretinat" (amfani ga fata cututtuka).

Tun da wani mummunan sakamako a kan tayin ne kungiyoyin da kwayoyi amfani da mabanbanta cututtuka, rubũta lura ciki ya zama musamman m. Tabbata a sa wani likita a shahararsa cewa kai ne a matsayin.

ionizing radiation

Domin ionizing radiation hada da Amurka (ko da yake likitoci sun dade da aka sani cewa appreciable cutar da tayin duban dan tayi bai yi aiki ba), kirji X-haskoki, X-haskoki da sauran bincike hanyoyin cewa unsa da amfani da ionizing tãguwar ruwa.

Sauran misalai na teratogens - wannan hatsari da a saki rediyoaktif abubuwa a cikin muhalli, rediyoaktif aidin far, radiotherapy.

Kamuwa da kuma jamiái ciki

Tun da Mahaifa yana da wani babban mataki na permeability, akwai hadarin na zubar da ciki ko intrauterine fetal kamuwa da cuta da wani yawan cututtuka. Kamuwa da cuta a farkon 7 makonni na ciki shi ne iya kai wa ga fetal munanan cewa su ne m da rai. Kamuwa da yaro a baya, saukarwa iya kai wa ga kamuwa da cuta a cikin jariri.

Abin lura shi ne cewa har na tsanani da cuta bayyananen a ciki da kuma tayi iya bambanta.

Teratogenic factor ruwansa da wadannan cututtuka:

• toxoplasmosis.
• cytomegalovirus.
• Herpes iri I da na II.
• rubella.
• syphilis.
• Venezuelan equine encephalitis.
• varicella-zoster cutar.

Har ila yau a ke so aqibar yaro entails mai chlamydia kamuwa da cuta da kuma kumburi tafiyar matakai abin da ke faruwa a jikin ciki mace.

Wrong hanyar rayuwa na ciki

Mata suke a cikin wani wuri ya zama da alhakin rayuwa da kuma kiwon lafiya da ɗanta, Saboda haka dole ne dena wani barasa, shan taba, kuma ko da ya wuce kima sha kofi. K dalilai kuma sun hada da teratogenic miyagun ƙwayoyi dogara, da magungunan kashe qwari a yi amfani da aikin noma da masana'antu, powders da masu shara.

Yana da muhimmanci a abinci mai gina jiki da kuma guje wa cutarwa bã tãre da amfani Properties na abinci. A rage cin abinci ya kamata a gina a cikin irin wannan hanya da cewa a ciki samu duk bukata domin ci gaba da tayin. Ga misali, da furotin da kasawa take kaiwa zuwa fetal tamowa. mace jiki yana bukatar micronutrients kamar selenium, tutiya, aidin, gubar, manganese, sunadarin flourine. A rage cin abinci dole ne ya kasance a isa adadin na alli da kuma bitamin.

sauran teratogens

By fetal pathologies iya haifar da ciwon sukari, goiter, phenylketonuria da marurai da ta da samar da androgens. Har ila yau, likitoci yi imani da tayin ne m zafi fiye da kima, rashin folic acid.

Teratogenic ake magana a cikin abubuwan da aka jera a sama. Wannan ra'ayi ya hada da duk abin da zai iya rushe da al'ada ci gaba da tayin da kai ga anomalies. Alas, wadannan dalilai sosai, don haka da mace a lokacin daukar ciki yana da muhimmanci sosai wajen saka idanu da kiwon lafiya da kuma abinci mai gina jiki.