Mene ne ciwon huhu da kuma yadda za mu bi?

Sananne ne cewa ciwon huhu - wani kumburi daga cikin huhu. Amma ba kowa da kowa ya san yadda cutar ne hadaddun da hatsari fiye daidai hanyar magance shi, abin da suke nasa sakamakon, halaye da kuma magani sakamakon. Taimaka wa mai karatu wanda ba likita horo, to fi gane abin da yake ciwon huhu - da aiki da wannan labarin.

Musamman ilimin likitanci na ciwon huhu yau kai wani gagarumin kimiyya da kuma na asibiti zurfin. Akwai m zamani kwayoyi zuwa taimakawa wajen yaki da wannan cuta da kuma lashe shi.

Kuma har yanzu ci gaba da mutuwa daga ciwon huhu. Musamman ban tsoro cuta, kamar yadda a cikin tsohon sau, ya nuna kanta tsakanin matasa da yara. A jikin yaro ne mai rauni, iya wuya da ciwon huhu, a wani matashi haƙuri da nauyi da kuma barazanar rayuwa siffofin.

Jigon da cuta - mai yaduwa kamuwa da cuta daga cikin huhu nama. Wannan yana nufin cewa akwai wani hari germs da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin Alveoli (kankanin kumfa cewa yin up da huhu nama). Lokacin da Alveoli lafiya numfashi na faruwa kamar haka. A lokacin inhalation, sun mayar da hankali oxygen wajibi ne a rayuwa. Sa'an nan kuma, ta hanyar da jini ya diverges a ko'ina cikin jiki. A lokacin exhalation, shaye carbon dioxide da sauran cutarwa gaseous impurities wuce jiki, tare da sa hannu na Alveoli.

An X-ray hoto na ciwon huhu yawanci ma'anar, taimaka tsayar da daidai ganewar asali. Duk da haka, wani lokacin kana bukatar ka bayyana da kuma sake dubawa. A wannan yanayin, bijirar da haƙuri ga cutarwa radiation fiye da sau daya ne ba kyawawa. Saboda haka, bayar da muhimmanci ne a haɗe zuwa sauran, mafi gargajiya da hanyoyin da dubawa da kuma kariya: feat. Irfan (feat. Irfan yatsu) da kuma auscultation (sauraron ta "bututu" - stethoscope). cuta na iya zama haka bambancin da cewa wani lokacin likita alama cewa shi ne, ba game da ciwon huhu, amma dukan rukuni na sosai daban-daban cututtuka.

Nau'in ciwon huhu - wani hadadden hanya. Amma mai yiwuwa marasa lafiya (manya), da kuma musamman ma iyaye na yara matasa bukatar da a kalla wata kadan fahimtar daga cikin siffofin na ciwon huhu, to fahimci wani likita a cikin tattaunawa da kuma lura da cutar.

• Dangane da abin da irin kadan hit, daban-daban hagu-gefe ciwon huhu, dama-gefe da kuma biyu-gefe.
• Idan huhu da aka inflamed da karami na shi - a kashi (na wanda ya kunshi da rabo daga haske) da aka gano segmental ciwon huhu. Alal misali, a cikin shafi huhu fundamentally ƙayyade muhimmi ciwon huhu.
• A fadi jiki sadarawa (yawan haske) ya ba da wani lobar ciwon huhu. A mafi tsanani nau'i na shi - lobar ciwon huhu.
• Yana yakan faru, shi ba zai yiwu ba a lokacin da za a dakatar da kumburi. A wannan yanayin, ya rufe dukan jiki da kuma ake kira da jimlar ciwon huhu.

Ciwon huhu yana dauke farko idan aka fara ba tare da sadarwar da wani sauran cuta.

Secondary ciwon huhu lalacewa ta hanyar wasu cututtuka (na kowa bambance-bambancen - saboda mashako) da kuma tafiya tare da su. Lokacin da sakandare ciwon huhu bi da a farko wuri, babban cutar da kuma a cikin layi daya - da sosai ciwon huhu.

Daya daga cikin mafiya hatsari ciwon huhu - immunodeficient. Yana kai hari da cuta a cikin immunocompromised marasa lafiya, ciki har da jarirai, wanda kariya ba tukuna lokaci ya ginu. Bayyana a kan bango na immunodeficiency, irin ciwon huhu kama da albarkatun da dukan kwayoyin, wanda ba zai iya tsayayya da shi. Mutuwar daga ciwon huhu irin wannan sosai high.

A asibiti (nosocomial) ciwon huhu, asibiti marasa lafiya (musamman tsofaffi), da jarirai, a haihuwa asibitoci kamu da cutarwa microorganisms, wanda suke iya yin tsayayya da maganin rigakafi. Community-samu ciwon huhu da irin wannan infestations ba nasaba.

Mene ne ciwon huhu lalacewa ta hanyar daban-daban kwayoyin?

Causative jamiái na ciwon huhu, kamar yadda mai mulkin, su ne pneumococcus kwayoyin. A daya kungiyar na su - Streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Wadannan microbes, duk da m aiki da kuma hatsarin ke tasirantuwa ga maganin rigakafi.

Shi ne mafi wuya ga gina wani magani dabarun idan ciwon huhu ne ya sa ta musamman kwayoyin - Klebsiella da Legionella, Chlamydia da Mycoplasma. Wannan Flora ne tsaka-tsakin sifa tsakanin kwayoyin da ƙwayoyin cuta. Shi ne resistant ga mutane da yawa maganin rigakafi. Irin wannan pathogens iya kai farmaki cikin huhu da bronchi a cikin gajeren lokaci, kamawa more kuma mafi m jiki na ƙasar. Su ne sau da yawa a cikin hanyar nosocomial ciwon huhu. The labari bunkasa cutar a irin haka - by zuwa a total mai da hankali ciwon huhu, nauyi forecast.

Pathogens ne huhu nama a biyu hanya: ta hanyar numfashi tsarin ko ta hanyar jini. Za a bronchi, da kananan kwayoyin halitta suna ajiye a gare su, kuma za a fara a ninka. A wannan mataki, kallon wasu nau'i mashako, likita ƙarasa kumburi bronchioles (na huhu Bronchial sashe a cikin lobules). Yada na kumburi da Bronchial shambura na Alveoli sa mai da hankali ciwon huhu. Bugu da ari, a cikin Alveoli akwai wani samfurin na kwayoyin aiki - m. Yana overlaps da lumens na jini, da kuma daga cikin huhu zuwa cikin jini daina gudãna daga ƙarƙashinsu oxygen. A hatsari da wannan mataki, ba za ka iya ko sharhi.

ciwon huhu ganewar asali hanyoyin kasu kashi na asali da kuma ci-gaba.

Babban hanyoyin su ne:

• X-ray nazari.
• shan sputum for microscopic jarrabawa.
• shan sputum domin shuka (al'ada kwayoyin ninka yawan amfanin ƙasa a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, haifuwa tsari ne ya lura da bincikar).
• shan wani janar jini bincike.
• wani jini gwajin a kan Biochemistry.
• gudanar da jini gas analysis.

Ƙarin hanyoyin:

• kwamfuta-tomographic nazari.
• biopsy na huhu nama.
• Fitsari.

A zabi na hanyoyi ya ginu ne tare da likita, wanda ya fito daga hoton cututtuka da kuma syndromes na ciwon huhu.

Domin lura, kamar yadda mai mulkin, zaba maganin rigakafi. A mafi daidai suke dauka, da mafi nasara zai kasance da yaki da cutar.

A zamaninmu akwai aka alurar riga kafi da pneumococcus. Yi ya nuna cewa su ne tasiri. Shin, ba su yi zama yaro na makarantan nasare shekaru cikin sharuddan wanda ake wajabta ta likita.

Ko da ciwon huhu da aka warkar ɗin, shi ya fita burbushi a cikin jiki m, wanda zai iya kara bayar da gudummawa ga ci gaban da kullum cututtuka.

Alal misali, la'akari da cewa irin wannan segmental ciwon huhu da kuma touch a kan batun na Mycoplasma ciwon huhu.

Tun da segmental ciwon huhu shafa kawai wani sashi daga cikin huhu nama a kan x-haskoki a fili a bayyane iyakoki na shafa yankin. Da shi da ɗan sauki matsalar cutar.

Idan segmental ciwon huhu, uncomplicated, shi zai iya ci gaba cyclically (tare da tashi da kuma dawowar cututtuka). Yankin ya shafa nama resorption auku daga game da 5th ga 9th kwanaki daga farko na cutar.

Sau da yawa da shi ya auku atelectasis (huhu fadi, ba zai iya crack da kuma rasa numfashi aiki a shafa yankin).

Lokacin da atelectasis cuta ta wãyi protracted - makonni da watanni. Barci huhu nama tsirar da fibrous (connective) nama. Fibrous nama ne ba su iya yin musamman ayyuka, shi ba zai iya shiga cikin numfashi. A huhu fibrotic zones aka kafa tare da numfashi ra'ayi - matattu.

A sakamakon haka, segmental ciwon huhu iya ci gaba na kullum huhu kumburi da kuma fibrosis (haddi adadin atelectasis cuta).

Na huhu fibrosis ne m. A haƙuri ta rayuwa za azãba mai tsanani shortness na numfashi. The jiki saboda rashin numfashi aiki, za su ci gaba da ya fuskanci wani rashin oxygen.

Mycoplasma ciwon huhu ya sa ta pathogen cewa shi ne resistant zuwa wasu maganin rigakafi (penicillin, streptomycin, da dai sauransu). A lokaci guda, da Mycoplasma ba zai iya tsayayya da kwayoyin tetracycline.

Rayuwa Mycoplasma a urogenital gabobin. Daga can ta cikin jini shi shiga miciwa. kamuwa da cuta matsakaici saninsa iya harba lafiya mutumin da Airborne droplets (numfashin a kan shi, atishawa ko tari), da kuma jima'i lamba. Wannan ciwon huhu ciki m: akwai wani hadarin kamuwa da cuta intrauterine da tayin.

Haka kuma cutar yakan faru a cikin wadannan siffofin:

• m na numfashi cuta (kumburi da ciki airway saman).
• m ciwon huhu.
• urethritis (kumburi da mafitsara).
• gynecological kumburi cututtuka.

Mycoplasma ciwon huhu da aka bi da tare da tetracycline, kazalika da musamman hanyoyin da wani irin ciwon huhu. Irin wannan hanyoyin hada magani tare da oxygen da kuma bronchodilators (magunguna, a sakamakon wanda liyafar dilate bronchi, da iska samun damar yin amfani da huhu).

Mycoplasma ciwon huhu forecast m. Duk da haka, idan ba ka lura da farko na cutar da kuma fara magani marigayi, zai yiwu rikitarwa ko mutuwa.

A takaice dai yawon shakatawa a cikin kimiyya da kumburi daga cikin huhu a wani ƙoƙari na razyasnit abin da ciwon huhu, taimaka wajen tunatar da mai karatu na da hatsarin da wannan cuta. Dry, "Shusha Barking" tari, wanda kowane awa daya ne samun karfi, da zafi, m zazzabi, rashin mayar da martani ga antipyretic kwayoyi - a dalilin ga nan da nan da magani ga likita. Musamman idan muna magana ne game da yara na makarantan nasare shekaru da mazan mutane.