Mene ne tsarin dimokuradiyya kuma menene yake nazarin?

Halittu, a cikin Girkanci, ma'anarsa shine "bayanin kasa". Menene cikin YAWAN JAMA'A matsayin dukan? Wannan shine kimiyyar hanyoyin, irin nau'in haifa na mutane daban-daban da kuma dalilan da (hanyar ko kuma) suka shafi wannan tsari.

Marubucin wannan kalma "demography" ya zama masanin kimiyyar Faransa A. Guillard a 1855, kuma a Rasha wannan ka'idar ta fara amfani da ita daga cikin 70s na karni na 18. Da farko, an yi la'akari da manufar "kididdigar yawan mutane" da "dimokuradiyya", amma a tsawon lokaci yanayin ya canza. A halin yanzu, demography ne mai zaman kanta kimiyya da cewa na nazari akan abubuwan da zai shafi mace-mace, da takin gargajiya, Tsayawa akan matsayin da ƙarshe na aure. Bugu da ƙari, wannan nazari na kimiyya da kuma tsinkaye tsarin tafiyar da al'amuran jama'a tare da taimakon hanyoyin da aka dace. Don fahimtar halin da ake ciki, to lallai ya zama dole a nazarin tsarin kimiyyar. Saboda haka, ka'idar alƙaluma tana da alhakin bayani game da muhimmancin tafiyar matakai, tsarin jigilar al'amura, daidaitaccen bayanan bayanai da kuma bayanan abubuwan da suka faru.

Ana tattara tarin bayanai na farko a cikin tsarin ƙididdigar yawan jama'a, wanda aka gudanar tare da wani lokaci. Ƙididdigar Tarayya wani tushen bayani ne. Ana amfani da hanyoyi na bayanin bayanai daga zamantakewa da kuma kididdigar, wanda, a zahiri, na halitta ne. Bugu da ƙari, wannan kimiyya ta bayyana tsarin tafiyar da alƙaluma. Dangane da nazari na bincike na nazari akan haɗin kai tsakanin al'amuran alƙaluma da kuma tafiyar matakai. Saboda haka, masu ra'ayin dimokuradiya na iya fadada karuwa ko karuwa a cikin yawan jama'a ko karuwa a cikin haihuwar sabili da yanayin tattalin arziki, zamantakewa, muhalli da sauransu. Bugu da kari, akwai tarihin zamantakewa, zamantakewar zamantakewar al'umma. Demography Matsaloli a Rasha karatu tun da tsakiyar 18th karni. Mene ne tsarin dimokuradiya a cikin tsattsarran Rasha? Wannan shi ne yafi nazarin yawan kididdigar jama'a. A farkon rabin rabin karni na 20, ayyukan A.A. Chuprova, mai da hankali kan tasirin yaƙe-yaƙe a kan hanyoyin da za a kammala da kuma warware aure da haihuwa, da kuma Novoselsky, wanda ya yi nazari akan mace baki daya.

Ƙidayar da za'ayi bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin. Kuma wadannan bayanan sun zama asali na nazari daban-daban (ba al'umma kawai ba). Duk da haka, a cikin 1930s duk nazarin irin wannan aka katse. An sake dawo da yanayi a shekarun 1960. A wannan lokacin, masana kimiyya sun fahimci cewa wannan kimiyya ba kawai game da kididdigar jama'a ba ne. Masu bincike sun fara nazarin tasirin abubuwan da ke haifar da karuwa da rage yawan haihuwa, aure, ci gaban iyali. Tun cikin shekarun 70 na karni na karshe, yanayin juyin juya hali na al'umma ya bunkasa, marubucinsa shine A.G. Vishnevsky. A cikin dimokuradiyya ta Rasha, hanyar Cahors da tsarin gyare-gyare sun kasance da tabbaci, kimiyya ta gida ta sannu a hankali ta shiga cikin duniya. A ƙarshen 20th da farkon karni na 21, masu bincike sun ba da hankali ga nazarin mace-mace, alamu na haihuwa da aure, da kuma ci gaba da samfurin gyare-gyare da kuma sharudda. Duk wannan a tara ya ba mu damar amsa wannan tambayar game da abin da tsarin dimokuradiyya yake.