Mene ne Fitilar Bagration

Fitilar bacci shine zane wanda ya zama alama ce ta jarumi na soja na Rasha, da ƙarfin zuciya, horon soja. Hatta sau takwas shahararrun mashawarcin Napoleon, da kasancewar babbar nasara a ma'aikata, sun yi ƙoƙari su ɗauki waɗannan kayan kare kansu. Ku yi yaƙi domin Bagration flushes yarda Rasha sojojin tsaya a kan filin na Borodino. Kakanan kakanni na kakanninmu sun bar Napoleon wanda ya kasa ganewa cewa sojojin Rasha sun yi niyyar yin yaki har zuwa karshen kuma ba su da nufin su mika makiyi zuwa babban birninsu.

Manufar

Kafin wannan, daki-daki, don nuna haskakawa ga batutuwan da suka hada da ƙaddamarwar Bagration, bari mu yi magana a taƙaice game da batun.

Fush - wani tsohuwar tsari na filin wasa, wanda ya kunshi facades biyu. Gwargwadon tsawon kowane kowanne yana da mita 20-30. Kowannensu ya kasance a kusurwa, yana mai da kibiyar da aka kai ga abokin gaba. Saboda haka sunan: daga Faransanci, an fassara kalmar nan a matsayin "arrow". Flushes wani nau'i ne na wucin gadi na sararin samaniya, wanda aka gina a kan mafi mahimman hanyoyi. Sun ƙunshi mutane da yawa da bindigogi masu yawa, wanda ya ba da damar tsayayya da hare-haren mayakan abokan gaba. A gaskiya, a wani wuri daidai ya zama yankuna masu garu, wanda ya kamata ya dauki ta hanyar dakarun da suka fi karfi.

Tarihin tarihi da kuma ladabi

Ƙungiyar Bagration - 4 kayan gado na filin wasa a tsawo - kusa da ƙauyen Semenovskoe. An halicce su don ƙarfafa matsayi na biyu na yammacin yamma, Peter Ivanovich Bagration. A kan taswirar da aka tsara na umurnin Rasha an kira su "Semenovsky", da sunan sunan su na tarihi - Bagration's flushes - ya karbi don girmama shahararren jarumi na yaki. PI Balend ya lashe raunukansa a nan, wanda ya zama mummunan rauni.

Ƙungiyar Bagration ta: matsayi a filin Borodino

Me yasa Napoleon bai watsi da ƙoƙari na kama wani kariya mai kare kariya ba? Gaskiyar ita ce, babban kwamandan Faransa ya shirya ya kai hari tare da bashi, tare da goyon bayan manyan bindigogi a flank, kusa da kauyen Semenovskoe. Ta hanyar irin wannan mataki na yanke shawara, ya yi fatan ya rushe tsaron Rasha a flank kuma ya shiga bayan sojojinmu.

Ƙungiyoyin na jam'iyyun

Rashin nasarar da aka yi a baya na sojojin Rasha za ta ba mu izini mu sanya manyan sojojinmu zuwa cikin kogi. Wannan zai ba su damar hallaka su gaba ɗaya. Wannan fahimta da kuma Kutuzov: a kan wani kunkuntar rukuni kuma ya halicci tsararru na uku. A cikin dukkanin jinsin da aka sanyawa ga wannan bangare na bindigogi 50 da sojoji 8,000.

Napoleon ya ba da labarin mutane 40,000 don kai hare hare mai tsanani. Ya yi imanin wannan ya kamata ya isa ya karya ta hanyar kare kariya. Duk da haka, babban kwamandan wannan lokaci ya ɓata sosai: matattun sarari a gaban kariya na kare bai yarda ya yi amfani da amfani mai amfani ba. Har ila yau, Faransanci bai la'akari da ƙarfin sojojin Rasha ba, waɗanda, ba kamar gwagwarmayar Turai ba, wannan lokacin kare ƙasar su daga tashin hankali da makiya.

Rikici a kan haske

Batun da aka yi game da Gidan Ginar ya fara tare da harin da makiyi ke kusa da kauyen Borodino - kimanin karfe 6 na safe. Rabin rabin kilomita a kudu maso yammacin gandun daji shine ƙauyen Utica. Tsakanin ta da flushes a cikin gandun daji na rufe rayukan mutanen Rasha don hana Faransanci daga karuwa a cikin gandun daji.

Ko da kafin yakin, Marshal Davout a gefen kogin Utitsky ya fara gina ginshiƙai don harin. A nan, dakarunmu sun kori salvo na farko a makiya a kusa da iyakokin wurare, daga tashar din din 500, ta hana makiyi shiga cikin ginshiƙai. Faransanci ya fara haifar da hasara mai yawa kafin yakin ya fara. Har ila yau, abokan gaba sun shirya batu-bamai guda uku na bindigogi 102 a kilomita daga raguwa kuma suka fara raguwa. Duk da haka, dukkanin hankalin rukuni na Rasha an rushe shi zuwa ginshiƙan bautar.

Lokacin da yake gab da nisa mita 200, fararren farar hula na Rasha ya koma zuwa wuta mai tsanani tare da harbi. A gaskiya ma, bindigogi sun juya cikin bindigogi, wanda a cikin zane-zane ya harba ginshiƙan abokan gaba.

Dole ne a fahimci cewa dabarun yaki a wancan zamani sun bambanta da wadannan lokuta: a cikin yakin da aka yi a cikin birane akwai ginshiƙan sojoji. Idan Faransanci, alal misali, fashe ko motsawa ta hanyar gudu, da sun dauki wuri mai karfi a yanzu. Duk da haka, yakin basasa ya faru a wuraren da ke bude, tsarin Napoleonic kullum yana ba da komai. A nan halin da ake ciki ya bambanta: a kan wani shingen shinge akwai kariya na tsaro wanda, kamar bindigogi, "sunyi" ginshiƙan abokan gaba.

Bayan bindigogi na Rasha sun fara wargaza matsayi na Faransanci tare da harbi a madaidaiciya, wannan ya fara yin shakka game da yiwuwar kara kai hari. Tsaya na karshe shi ne makaman nukiliya daga cikin jinsunan. Maqiyan ya fara koma baya. Duk da haka, mazabar marshals da generals sun sake tura sojoji zuwa harin.

Kuma yakin ya faru: Faransa ta kai farmaki, ta koma gida, ta sake gina ta, ta sake kai farmaki, tana da babbar hasara. Russia, a gefe guda, ba su sha wahala sosai a farkon sa'o'i na yaƙin ba. An bai wa maharanmu damar ganin cewa abokan gaba suna fama da hasara.

A cikin duka, an kai hare-haren takwas akan raunin Bagration. Faransanci ba kawai ya rasa ƙarfin yin amfani da layin kare ba, amma kuma ya kashe duk wuraren da suke da shi, wanda ya zama dole don ci gaba da nasara idan ya faru a cikin tsaro. An raunana masarautar, Napoleon ya zalunce shi ƙwarai, kuma sojojinsa sun rasa bangaskiya ga rashin lafiyar su. Russia sun ci gaba da rike mukaminsu.

Haya na takwas

Da rana ta rana sai ya zama a fili cewa babban faɗin Faransanci yana nufin ƙaddamar da Ƙungiyoyi. An yi amfani da bindigogi 400 a rukuni na kare rayukan Rasha. An kara ƙarin mutane 45,000 a cikin adadin. Ƙungiya ba zai iya sanya mutane 15 kawai da bindigogi 300 ba.

Kutuzov kuma ya fahimci muhimmancin wannan bangaren na gaba. Ya umarci dokin doki don biye da abokin gaba daga flank kuma ya koma baya tare da abokan gaba. Wannan wajibi ne don ya kulle ajiyar Faransanci, ba don ba da izini su jefa dukkan rundunarsu a bautar. A lokaci guda, an ba da umarni don canja wurin dukan sojojin zuwa flank, amma wannan lokaci yana buƙata. Faransanci ya gaggauta zuwa wani harin gaggawa. A wannan lokacin, wani amfani mai mahimmanci ya bari ya karya cikin flushes. Har yanzu ba shi da wata kungiya, sai ya jefa dukkan sojojinsa zuwa gare su, sai aka fara fada da shi, inda aka kashe shi. An dauka hargitsi, amma dukkanin shirin Napoleon ya zama abin ganewa: bayan haka, sojojin Rasha sun fara samar da tsaro, bisa ga ainihin shirin abokan gaba.

Ƙunƙasar Bagration: "War and Peace"

Abubuwan da suka fi muhimmanci a yakin Borodino suna nunawa a littafin LN Tolstoy na War and Peace. Bagrationov flushes a cikinsa wani wuri "rasa". Dukkan abubuwan da suka faru na yaƙin Borodino sun haɗa da yakin Rayevsky, wanda ɗayan manyan haruffan, Pierre Bezukhov, ya dauki bangare.

Babu shakka a cikin littafi an ce game da haɓakawa da kansa: "Shi mai wauta ne, amma yana da kwarewa, ido da tabbatarwa ..." (Volume 3, sashi na 1, babi na VI.), Amma a lokaci guda "... mafi kyawun shi shi ne haɓaka kansa Napoleon ya gane wannan ... ". A cikin littafin, ma'anar "wawanci" ya saba wa manufofin "tabbatarwa, ƙarfin hali". L.N. Tolstoy ya bayyana wa zuriyar cewa Bagration wani jarumi ne, jarumi ne mai jaruntaka, amma a matsayinsa na gaba ba shi da ikon yin nazarin jini da nasara. A kaikaice dai an tabbatar da shi a cikin yakin: Karkashiya ya watsar da dukiyarsa a kan yunkurin kai hare-hare kuma kansa ya kai farmaki a kan sojojinsa, yana karbar raunuka mai rauni.

Sakamako

A cikin wannan labarin, mun fahimci abin da ke tattare da raguwa daga Bagration: ma'anar nesa, ya bayyana muhimmancin yaki a gare su saboda sakamakon yakin Borodino, ƙarfin bangarori. Haka ne, duk da irin jaruntakar da sojojin Rasha suka yi, sun rasa nasarar. Duk da haka, wannan shine ainihin batun da suke cewa: "Don ya rasa yakin, amma ya lashe dukan yakin."