"Borodino filin" - jihar Borodino War kuma Gidan Ajiyar Kayayyakin Tarihi da kuma Reserve

Borodino filin - shi ne ba wai kawai na ƙasa, amma kuma wata tunãtarwa ga dukan soja daukakar Rasha sojoji wanda ya kare da mahaifarsa, ba kawai a cikin XIX, amma kuma a cikin XX karni. Abin da ya wakiltar bayan shekaru da dama da manya manyan nasarori na mu yan'uwanmu 'yan ƙasa? Borodino filin, da photo na wanda kawai ba zai iya kai duk da girman wannan tarihi wuri, a kalla sau daya a cikin su rayuwa dole ziyarci kowane Rasha.

Overview

Mutane da yawa matasa suke m ɗaukaka da tarihin kasarmu, ya san fannin Borodino. Ina wurin yaƙi a baya iya karawa Faransa sojojin Napoleon da kuma sojojin Rasha, da aka sani har zuwa yawa 'yan kasashen waje. Wannan shi ne saboda da m muhimmancin wannan jini yaƙi da ya faru a cikin Patriotic War of 1812. Shi ne a hanyoyi da yawa canza hanya na tarihi, ba kawai ga Rasha Empire, amma kuma ga Turai.

Borodino filin shi ne mafi girma ƙasa nestled yammacin Mozhaisk. An located a shafin na yankunan karkara shiri. Ya na da wani dace sunan - Borodino. Wannan shiri da dangantaka da Mozhaisk gundumar na Moscow yankin. Yana da aka gina kusa da kauyen na Borodino. Wannan wuri shi aka qaddara domin zama abin tunawa ga ɗaukakarsa, da kuma Indomitable ruhu na Rasha sojoji.

Museum-Reserve, da ake kira - "Borodino filin", shi ne tunawa da biyu yakin duniya na II. A da shi ne da aka sani a kasashe da dama a duniya. An dauke da mafi tsufa gidan kayan gargajiya halitta a fagen yaƙi. The ajiye ƙasa ne 110 sq. km. Shi ne fiye da 200 memorials, obelisks kuma Monuments. Wasu daga cikin shahararrun daga gare su - da umurnin posts na Napoleon da kuma M. I. Kutuzova, tunawa, Monuments zuwa wuraren da na zaman na Rasha, sojoji.

The daraja tarihi na Rasha, sojoji

A kan ƙasa na ba shiri Agusta 26 (New Style 7 Satumba) a cikin 1812 akwai wani babban yaƙi a ma'anar tsakanin Faransa sojojin Napoleon da kuma Rasha, sojoji. Amma ba kawai wannan Battle of Borodino ne girman kai na mazauna yankin. A 1941-1942. a cikin yankin da aka kyau line na tsaro na Moscow.

Map Borodino filin yana cike da wani iri-iri, daga ãyõyin mu'ujizõji ake sanya wadanda ko wasu tunawa wurare. Babban events na Faransa-Russian yaƙi ya faru tsakanin tsohon Smolensk hanya. irin wannan muhimmanci sansanonin soja da aka located a kan ƙasa:

• Bagration (Semenov) flushes.

• Shevardino redoubt.

• A baturi Rajewski.

Sakamako na yaƙi

A cewar masana tarihi, da bayanai a yakin Borodino ya samu halartar 120 dubu Rasha sojoji da 135.000 Faransa. Russia da 624 bindigogi, yayin da abokan adawar - 587. The kama yaƙi tare da kama na Faransa kauyen Borodino, inda kafin su Russia sojojin. Babban events na kama yaƙi a 5:00 am, a kan hagu flank na Rasha sojojin. A wannan batu a cikin kwazazzabo located Semenovski Bagration flushes. Akwai sun kasance mutane da yawa hours gwabza kazamin fada. Flushes yawa sau shige shi hannu da hannu adawar. Duniya rufe gaba daya da gawawwakin mutanen da dawakai. A wannan yaki, Kwamandan 2 Yammacin sojojin P. I. Bagration aka fatally rauni. Bayan haka, Faransa sun iya kama flushes.

A wannan m yaƙin ya ga baturi Rajewski, wanda shi ne a cibiyar na Rasha matsayi. A lokacin da na jini da yaƙi ya kashe dubban sojoji a garesu, Rasha sojoji nuna su Indomitable nufin ya lashe. Duk da cewa Faransa sun iya kama da tabbatarwa daga Russia a cibiyar, kuma a kan hagu flank, Napoleon flinch daga irin azama domin yaki da mutuwa da kuma abokan gaba suka tattara zuwa ga asali matsayi.

The Battle of Borodino ne dauke da mummunan a tarihin daya daga cikin-rana fadace-fadace. Yana kashe 45 dubu Rasha da kuma game da 40 dubu Faransawan. A daidai wannan lokaci bangarorin biyu da aka rasa ba kawai sojoji amma kuma jami'an. A wannan yaki ne aka kashe 23 Rasha da kuma 49 Faransanci generals, wanda ƙwarai raunana iya karawa sojojin kafin Napoleon.

Tamanin da Battle of Borodino

The Battle of Borodino - daya daga cikin mummunan a cikin tarihi na Rasha sojojin. Ta aka sosai daidai aka bayyana a cikin labari na Leo Tolstoy "yaki da zaman lafiya". A sakamakon wannan yaki da aka Napoleon ta mafaka. Ya ba kawai bar kama Moscow amma kuma rasa sojojinsa na dubban mutane da kuma Faransa.

A tushe na gidan kayan gargajiya

A 1837, Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas na saya a cikin sunan ɗansa, Alexander da rabon na Estate a kauyen Borodino. An muhimmanci mataki a cikin tsare da memory na heroes na Rasha sojojin bude Agusta 26, 1839 tunawa zuwa Rasha sojoji, wanda aka located a kan batirin Rajewski da reburial na toka Bagrationa P. I. a nan gaba a cikin wannan yanki da gidan kayan gargajiya da aka kafa, sadaukar da daya daga cikin mafi girma da fadace-fadace a cikin tarihi na Rasha Empire. Janar dubawa filin za a iya samar da babban Barrow, wanda aka located waje kauyen nunin faifai. A da shi a ranar yaƙi an kallo post M. I. Kutuzova. A cewar wani tsohon labari, a farkon yakin Amirul a Cif Flying Eagle, ya annabta nasarar Rasha. An wannan tsuntsu da aka pooping a kan obelisk, a kan wannan tudun ƙasa.

A 1912, da 100th tunawa da yaƙi a fagen yaƙi Kabarin da aka kafa 33 daban-daban rarrabu, regiments, kungiyar soja, su kamfanoni da batura. Dukan su ne a kan daban-daban sized mounds a kan bankunan na kõguna da gangaren ravines. Mafi yawa daga cikin Monuments aka gina ta ba da gudummawa da shugabanni da sojoji hidima a cikin sojojin, sun gaji suna yaƙi a Borodino raka'a.

Monuments Borodino

Customers Borodino filayen suna da damar ganin da zarar more 50 lafiya Monuments, duka biyu fice shugabannin yaƙi da kuma sauki Rasha sojoji. Dukan su suna tilasta su yi alfahari da mu da kakanninmu, qarfafa nufi da kishin kasa a kowane mutum. Babban Monuments na Borodino filin:

• Obelisk Field Marshal M. I. Kutuzovu, halitta ta shahara m Vorontsov-Velyaminovym.

• Bagration flushes.

• mummunar Faransa sojoji.

• A baturi Rajewski.

• Rasha sojoji.

• Utitsky Kurgan (Hill gidãjen Aljanna).

• 7 dakaru Division.

• Nezhin Dragoon rajimanti.

• Wild doki harbi.

• 2 Cuirassier division.

• Volyn rajimanti.

• Kabarin Janar Bagration.

• Lithuanian rajimanti.

• Shevardino redoubt.

• 3rd dakaru Division of General PP Konovnitsyn

• «Height Roubaud."

• 24 dakaru Division.

• Moscow da kuma Smolensk sojojin.

• Finland rajimanti.

• 3rd sojan doki Corps da kuma 1 doki Baturi.

• 12 dakaru Division.

• 2 baturi doki harbi Brigade kyaftin Raalya JJu

A kan hanya cewa ya haɗu kauyen Borodino ga gidan kayan gargajiya, shi tsaye a kan wani pedestal T-34 tanki. Wannan abin tunawa ne sadaukar da sojoji 5 Army kare Moscow a 1941. Commemorative lamba alama dot Mozhaisk garu yankin, gina a 1941.

Mass kaburbura

Bugu da kari ga Monuments da obelisks, wasu located a kan ajiye taro kaburbura a wadda karya da Rasha da kuma Faransa sojojin da suka mutu a cikin shekara na yakin Borodino. Kusa da abin tunawa Bakhmetev division ake binne Rasha da jami'an da ba da rayukansu a cikin wannan yaki. A gidan kayan gargajiya-ajiye a can Mass kabari na sojoji kashe a Utitskom gandun daji. A tunawa alama a kan shi da aka gina a shekarar 1962. A lokaci guda a kan site cewa housed flushes Bagration, ragowar sojoji daga duka sojojin da aka gano. Bayan da bukukuwan reburial aka bude Kabarin Unknown Soja. A 1912, a inda akwai wani wuri na Napoleon umurninSa, ya aka sa kawai Monument ga auku Faransa. A shi ne wani rubutu: "Matattu da sojoji da yawa."

akwai ma jana'izar Soviet sojoji a filin 1941-1942, gg, waxanda suke da kusan gaba zuwa wasu tunawa haruffa, kafa a cikin girmamawa ga heroes na Patriotic War of 1812 Kamar haka, a Borodino Station ne kabari na Soviet sojoji 5 Army.

Soja Tarihi Museum

Borodino filin, wanda aka located in tsakiyar Soja Tarihi Museum, janyo hankalin daruruwan yawon bude ido a kowace rana. Babban ginin da aka gina a 1912, a lokacin da 100th tunawa da duniya shahara fadace-fadace, kunna komowar ruwa na 1812. Yana da arziki lãbãri featuring zuriyar shahara warriors yadda yakin Borodino.

Gine-gine da kuma tunawa hadaddun

A wuri inda da zarar ya daya daga cikin flushes Bagration, a yau tsaye a kyau gine-gine da kuma tunawa hadaddun. Yana hada da:

• Ceton Borodino Convent, wanda shiri da aka za'ayi a 1830-1870 gg

• Church na mai ceto.

• Kolotsky sufi, wanda ya hedkwatar Kutuzova M. I.

• Church of Nativity, dating baya zuwa ƙarshen XVII karni.

Ceto Borodino Convent kafa Margarita Mihaylovna Tuchkova a inda mijinta ya rasu - Janar AA Tuchkov. A gidanta a kananan nuni aka kafa a shekarar 1994, masauki a 3 da dakuna. Yana gaya game da rayuwar wannan sanannen biyu da kuma tarihi na kafuwar sabuwar sufi. A cikin babban dakin ne mai tunawa ga Janar Tuchkov.

Modern rai-iska gidan kayan gargajiya

A cikin karni na XXI Museum-Reserve gabatar da baƙi wani sabon haska mai taken "Borodino - yaƙi daga cikin Refayawa." An located in wani gini Dating daga baturi Rajewski. Dalili na nuni ne da ainihin abubuwa da ake dangantawa da yakin Borodino. Yana hada da: Banners kuma matsayin. makamai. kayan sojoji biyu suka haɗu; awards. takardun. cards. sirri mallakarmu duka. A nan ana nuna da kuma binciken da wasu masana daga wurin yaƙi. Daga cikin su akwai wani ɓaɓɓake daga gurnetin, igwa bukukuwa, harsasai. A nuni ya hada da dama ayyukan art cewa an halitta da mahalarta da kuma Sahaban daga waɗanda tsoho events. Har ila yau nuna jigo zane-zane XIX-XX ƙarni.

A cikin ƙasa na Borodino filin akwai wani shiri, "Doronin," wanda shi ne wani m gidan kayan gargajiya na soja da kuma baƙauye rayuwa. Its main alama ne cewa duk da gine-gine, abubuwa, abubuwa, da kuma ciki details - hakikanin abu.

sauran gidan kayan gargajiya

Daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri expositions na gidan kayan gargajiya-ajiye - "War Gallery." An located a cikin gabatarwa na refectory na Church of Mai Ceton Borodino Convent. The Battle of Borodino ya sosai m, don haka nuni da siffofi fiye da 70 hotuna na shugabannin Rasha sojoji, a cikin abin da akwai da yawa na shahararrun da kuma karami-sani generals. Fiye da na uku daga cikin kwamandojin a yaƙi suka ji rauni ko contusion. The Battle of Borodino sosai muhimmanci rinjayar da daban-daban shimfidu da dakalansu.

Orthodox festival da maimaitawa na fadace-fadace

Borodino filin a shekarar 2005 shi ne wuri domin International matasa festival "Brothers". Mutane da yawa m kulake da hannu a zane cewa sake yaƙi da yaki na 1812 da kuma 1941. A kowace shekara an kara yawan daban-daban da kungiyoyi suna tsunduma cikin su. Irin wannan babbar sha'awa ba zamani mutane da damar duba a da abubuwan tarihin da na mahaifarsa ta hanyar da idanu na mutane suka shiga a cikin su. Wannan rapprochement tare da baya ba ka damar da cikakken fuskanci tarihi da kuma ci gaba na zamaninsu. Members na tarihi na soji da kulake suna rayayye da hannu a dama ilimi shirye-shirye, da zanga-zanga, don a harba wani shirin.

Yadda za a kai ga gidan kayan gargajiya

Mutane da yawa nufin ziyarci Borodino filin. Yadda za a samu to shi daga Moscow? Kafin gidan kayan gargajiya-ajiye ba wuya a kai. Yana za a iya isa:

• By mota, hawa zuwa 102 km na Minsk karauka. Sa'an nan kuma ka bukatar ka kunna dama a cikin shugabanci na Mozhaisk. Daga shi mauni zuwa kauyen Borodino bukatar wuce kawai 12 km.

• bas for nesa hanya №457 «Moscow Mozhaisk." Zauna a kan shi, za ka iya a tashar bas a Metro tashar "Nasara Park". Wadannan ne don zuwa tasha "Borodino".

• By jirgin kasa za ka iya samun daga Belorussky Railway zuwa Borodino Station, sa'an nan tafiya dole ne ka yi tafiya game 3 km ga gidan kayan gargajiya da kanta. Travel lokaci ne game 3 hours.

Museum-Reserve daukan biyu kungiyar yawon shakatawa da kuma dama matafiya. Gogaggen gidan kayan gargajiya ma'aikatan zai taimaka tare da zabin da wani hanya ta ƙasar da Borodino filin, gine-gine da kuma tunawa hadaddun. Suna magana game da duk lokacin da daya daga cikin mafi girma da fadace-fadace a cikin tarihin kasar mu.

A cikin ƙauyen Borodino ne mai cafe "Mozhayskoe ranch" inda yawon bude ido za su iya hutawa da kuma refreshment.