Mene ne Estate daular mulkinsu? A ra'ayi, halaye da kuma misalan

A cikin bayanin da tsarin siyasa da kuma cibiyoyin na Turai iko a tsakiyar zamanai, mun sukan fuskanci manufar "Estate daular mulkinsu." Wannan nau'i na gwamnati ya halayyar Faransa, Rasha, Jamus da sauransu. D. Wannan labarin zai tattauna abin da "Estate daular mulkinsu," look at ta fasali da kuma aiwatar a kan na da misalai na kasashen.

A definition

Daular mulkinsu - shi ne wani nau'i na gwamnati a cikinsa babban iko ne a hannun mutum daya, kuma an gaji. A bisa ga al'ada, shi ne zuwa kashi da dama iri: cikakkar, mulkin gargajiya, patrimonial, da caste wakilin, waɗanda Allah ya. To, abin da yake Estate daular mulkinsu? Yana da wani nau'i na gwamnati, wanda aka rarraba a Yammacin Turai iko a tsakiyar zamanai. An halin da sa hannu na wakilan daban-daban (ko da guda) azuzuwan a mulkin kasar. Waɗannan jikuna a gudanar da majalisu da kuma shawarwari ayyuka.

fasalin

1. The iyakance ikon da monarch.
2. A division da ke jihar ta yawan zuwa kadarori.
3. karkashin shugabancin tsakiya management.
4. Shin siyasa aiki mutane daga daban-daban azuzuwan.
5. Rabuwa daga cikin ayyukan jihar management tsakanin monarch da kuma wakilin jiki.

Domin mafi fahimtar abin da Estate daular mulkinsu kamata la'akari da ta yi a na da kasashen da misalai.

Estate daular mulkinsu a Ingila

Wannan nau'i na management ta ɓullo a Ingila a cikin XIII karni. Har sai wannan lokacin, kasar ta riga dauka siffar mulkin gargajiya kadarori. A saman jama'a kunshi barons. A muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arziki da rayuwa na Ingila suka fara wasa da tsada. Bugu da kari, da matsayi sun karfafa da gentry da birane Elite. A lokacin da Yahaya Lackland mulkin gargajiya kadarori fara yaƙi da m iko. Tuni a cikin 60-ies. XIII karni. shi juya a cikin wani yakin basasa. Sakamakon wannan gwagwarmaya ya halittar a 1295 "model" na majalisar. Yana kunshi manyan addini da kuma wadanda mutane lyãyengiji. A lokacin da Estate-wakilin daular mulkinsu, Birtaniya majalisar ayyuka ne don ƙayyade yawan haraji da kuma a cikin iko da m mutane. Daga baya wannan jiki samu dama su shiga a yin dokoki. A XIV karni. karkashin Edward III majalisar ya kasu kashi biyu bẽnãye: Iyayengiji kuma Commons. A farko kunshi Knights da tsakiyar aji, na biyu - daga Baron ko hereditary takwarorina (a baya zamani).

Estate daular mulkinsu a Faransa

A kasar na farko Estate-wakilin jiki da aka kafa a lokacin da Filibus IV. Daga 1484, ya zama da aka sani da Amurka General. Ya kamata a lura cewa jiki ya a kusa da ƙawance da sarauta da iko kuma a gaskiya bayyana ta amfane shi. Kamar yadda wani ɓangare na Amurka-Janar na dukan uku Faransa kadarori (malamai, da tsada da kuma "uku") da aka wakilta. Sarki, kamar yadda mai mulkin, amfani da su goyi bayan Amurka-Janar a yanayi daban-daban. Ya tambayi ra'ayi na kadarori na dokokin, ko da yake su tallafi ne, ba a bukatar da yarda ko amincewa da wannan jiki. Janar States ma zai iya amfani da wakilin babban dalĩli buƙatun ko zanga-zangar. Sun zo daga daban-daban na zamantakewa azuzuwan gamu da kuma tattauna al'amurran da suka shafi dabam. Wannan ba ware rikice-rikice tsakanin zamantakewa kungiyoyin. Tun da ƙarshen XIII karni. France fara tara lardin (gida) jihohi. A cikin babban rawa a cikinsu a cikin XV karni. Majalisar taka leda Paris.

Estate daular mulkinsu a Rasha

A Rasha, irin wannan nau'i na gwamnati a can a 1569, lokacin da Ivan Grozny gudanar na farko Cathedral. Ya kamata a lura da cewa samuwar a cikin wannan jiha wakilin gabobin da da fasali. Ya bambanta da Turai iko a Rasha Zemsky Sobor ba takura da ikon da na sarki. Wannan dalĩli hada da Boyar Duma, keɓewarsa ta na babban coci da zabe wakilan daga burghers da kuma manya. Gawan Estate daular mulkinsu a Rasha gudanar da wani musamman domin na sarki. Zemsky Sobor aka kira domin tattauna muhimmanci na kasa al'amurran da suka shafi. Sun yi yanke shawara a kan kasashen waje da kuma kasafin kudi manufofin, kazalika da zabe shugaban kasa. Saboda haka, Boris Godunov, V. Shumsky kuma M. Romanov zo a kan karaga, bisa goron gayyatar da Zemsky Sobor.

Tun 30s na XVI karni. akwai wani Littafi tsarin a Rasha. Mai rayayye shi aka kafa a lokacin zamanin mulkin na Ivan da Munin. Umarni sun ma shari'a da administrative hukumomi da kuma halitta a kowane yankin naúrar.

Estate daular mulkinsu a Jamus

Babban Estate-wakilin jiki na da iko a Jamus shi ne Reichstag. Ba kamar irin wannan cibiyoyin a Ingila da kuma Faransa, ta kunshi gaba ɗaya na "na sarki darajõji", wanda ba zai iya zama mai magana da yawun ga bukatun dukan mutane. Reichstag dauki siffar a cikin XIV karni. da kuma hada uku Curia: da na sarki shugabanninmu, masu za ~ e, na sarki birane. Muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rayuwar jihar taka leda farko. Curia na sarki birane ba su da wani simintin kuri'a a wani al'amura. Its aiki ya batun shugabannin siyasa.

A Reichstag aka gudanar da sarki sau biyu a shekara. Wakilai daga daban-daban curiae faruwa da kuma yin yanke shawara dabam. Well-tsare da ayyuka a cikin Reichstag ya ba. Wannan jiki, tare da Sarkin sarakuna da aka tattauna kasashen waje da manufofin, soja, kudi ko yankin matsaloli. Duk da haka, ta tasiri a jihar harkokin kasance kadan.

binciken

Saboda haka, su fahimci abin da Estate daular mulkinsu, shi wajibi ne don bincika aiki na misalai na kasashe daban-daban. A shawara na Jihar wakilin jikinsu sun ci gaba da XIII - XV ƙarni. A abun da ke ciki, kamar yadda mai mulkin, kunshi wakilan duk azuzuwan. Duk da haka, a lokacin da tallafi na wani yanke shawara shi ne babban maganar da tsada da kuma limaman.