Occipital kashi ne mutum ko dabba kwanyar: photo da kuma tsarin

A occipital kashi na kwanyar, wani photo da aka gabatar a cikin labarin, shi ne unpaired. An located in da raya kasa na shugaban. Wannan kashi wani bangare ne na baka da kuma aka hannu a cikin samuwar tushe. Sau da yawa daga makaranta su ji tambaya: "occipital kashi na kwanyar - lebur ko tubular?" A general, duk m abubuwa na shugaban ne guda tsarin. Occipital kashi, kazalika da sauran, su ne lebur. Yana hada da dama abubuwa. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki.

Occipital kashi na kwanyar: tiyata

Wannan kashi ne da alaka da na boko da kuma parietal da sutures. A occipital kashi na kwanyar hada da sassa hudu. Yana yana da wani cartilaginous da membranous asalin. A occipital kashi na kwanyar na dabba hada da:

1. Sikeli.
2. Biyu articular condyle.
3. Jiki.
4. Biyu lakar tsari.

Tsakanin ce rabo akwai manyan rami. Post therethrough ya auku tsakanin kwakwalwa da kuma kashin baya canal kogo. Human kwanyar occipital kashi articulates tare da sandan kashi da kuma 1st mahaifa vertebra. Yana hada da:

1. Sikeli.
2. Condyles (kaikaice taro).
3. Jiki (basilar part).

Tsakanin su a matsayin wani babban rami. Su girman kwanyar kogo aka haɗa ta kashin baya canal.

sikelin

Yana da wani spherically dimbin yawa farantin. Waje ta surface ne convex, kuma ciki - concave. Idan akai la'akari da tsarin da occipital kashi na kwanyar, kamata bincika tsarin da farantin. A ranar da matsanancin surface akwai:

1. A protrusion (inion). Yana da aka gabatar a cikin nau'i na tadawa a tsakiyar ma'auni. A palpation shi da isa da za a ji.
2. Occipital yankin. An wakilta Sikeli rabo sama da tsinkaya.
3. Highest nuchal line. Yana farawa daga saman INION iyaka.
4. Nuchal saman line. Yana gudanar a matakin tsakanin ƙananan lebe kuma mafi girma gefe.
5. Kasa line. Yana wuce tsakanin babba baki da occipital rami.

A ciki surface

Ya ƙunshi:

1. Cruciform tadawa. An located a rarrabawa ciki kunya da kuma kwarin kunya da mai gangara kuma m sagittal sinus.
2. Ciki protrusion. An located a jamsin na venous sinuses.
3. Ciki kunya.
4. Furrows, daya sagittal da biyu mai gangara sinuses.
5. Opistion. Wannan Identification batu. Yana yayi dace da cibiyar raya gefen foramen magnum.
6. Basion. Wannan matukar daga batu da ya dace da cibiyar gaban gefen foramen magnum.

A ciki surface yana da wani taimako sikelin, wanda aka sa ta da siffar da kwakwalwa membranes m cikinta.

kaikaice taro

A abun da ke ciki ya ƙunshi:

1. Lakar tafiyar matakai. Sun iyakance bude wannan sunan a kan sãsanninku. Wadannan abubuwa dace da vertebral mai gangara tafiyar matakai.
2. Sublingual tashar. Shi ne daga gefe da kuma a gaban foramen magnum. Shi ne yanzu XII jijiya.
3. Condylar nassi zubar a baya da condyle. Shi ne yanzu emissarnaya Vienna.
4. Lakar tubercle. An located sama da tashar na hypoglossal jijiya.

jiki

Yana wakiltar gaban. Top da kuma gaban jiki girbe. Yana bambanta:

1. Kasa surface. Shi ne yanzu pharyngeal tubercle, pharyngeal dinki da aka makala shafin.
2. The biyu m Lines (gefuna). Su suna da alaka da dala na boko kashi.
3. Scat (saman surface). Yana nufin a cikin girman kwanyar kogo.

A kaikaice ɓangare na m kasa tsagi rarrabe sinus.

sanarwa akan abinda

A occipital kashi na kwanyar da ta haɗu da tushe na baka abubuwa. Yana abubuwa a matsayin link tsakanin shugaban da kuma kashin baya. Kamar yadda na ambata a sama, a shawara na shugaban haɗa ta sandan memba da occipital kashi na ragargaje. Irin hada guda biyu - synchondrosis. Connection da aka sanya via gaban farfajiya na jiki. Tun da parietal kashi occipital da alaƙa hadin gwiwa. A wurin wani na al'ada dangane batu ne located. Shi ne ake kira "lambda". A wasu lokuta, a can aka gano interparietal kashi. An kafa daga saman da ma'auni kuma rabu da shi da wani mai gangara kabu. Tun lokacin da na boko kashi na kwanyar occipital kashi alaƙa gidajen abinci:

1. Petro-lakar. Lakar aiwatar articulates da tenderloin na wannan sunan a cikin boko kashi.
2. Petro-basilar. A kaikaice ɓangare na tushe an haɗa zuwa petrous kashi.
3. Occipital-mastoid. Mastoid rabo articulates da na boko low baya jirgin memba.

Tare da Atlanta kasa convex surface na condyles an haɗa zuwa concave ɓangare na 1st vertebra na wuyansa. Akwai aka kafa wani hadin gwiwa irin diarthrosis. A can ne wani kwantena, synovium, guringuntsi.

daure

Suna gabatar a cikin nau'i na membranes:

1. Front. An located tsakanin tushe daga cikin kashi da baka na atalas.
2. Baya. Wannan cuta aka mĩƙe tsakanin raya rabo na farko vertebra na cikin wuyansa, kuma occipital rami. An kunshe a cikin daidai surface na kashin baya canal.
3. Kaikaice. Wannan membrane haɗu da lakar aiwatar da giciye-vertebral.
4. Murfin. Yana da wani tsawo na tsaye raya na membrane ga gaban da manyan bude. Wannan cuta wuce a cikin periosteum abubuwa kwanyar tushe.

Bugu da kari, akwai:

1. Alar jijiyoyin. Sun je a kaikaice ɓangare na manyan rami.
2. hakori jijiya. Yana wuce daga aiwatar da 2nd vertebra na wuyansa zuwa gaban gefen babban rami.
3. Na waje aponeurosis. An a haɗe a kan babba nuchal line.
4. Deep aponeurosis. Yana da ake gyarawa a kan tushen da occipital kashi.

tsokoki

Su hašawa da su zuwa:

1. Occipital mafi line. Akwai ake gyarawa a ciki epicranius.
2. Upper nuchal line. Akwai ana gyarawa bel, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius tsoka. A wannan wuri shi ne mai ƙayyadadden ajali kuma occipital dam na tsokoki.

A kan kasa line ana gyarawa:

1. Direct tsoka raya kananan shugaban. An haɗe zuwa spinous aiwatar da 1st vertebra na wuyansa.
2. Baya babban madaidaiciya. Suna lazimta da spinous aiwatar da 2nd vertebra na wuyansa.
3. QFontDatabase babba tsokoki na shugaban. An haɗe zuwa kẽta aiwatar da 2nd mahaifa vertebra.

Brain (m harsashi) da kuma jijiyoyi

Wajen gefuna da mai gangara GROOVES ne a haɗe tentorium cerebelli. Lauje kwakwalwa da ake gyarawa ta wurin raya rabo. Ya ne a haɗe zuwa gefuna da GROOVES a cikin m sagittal sinus. Falcula gyarawa a kan occipital ciki dagi. Ta hanyar lakar foramen ne nau'i-nau'i daga jijiyoyi:

1. Glossopharyngeal (IX).
2. Vagus (X).
3. Tsawo (XI). Ya kashin baya tushen wuce ta cikin foramen magnum.

A condyles matakin tashar ta hanyar da hypoglossal jijiya tururi ke XII.

raunin da ya faru

A tsarin da occipital kashi na kwanyar irin wannan cewa yana da matuƙar saukin kamuwa zuwa inji lalacewa. Duk da haka, za su iya zama tare da tsanani, a wasu lokuta, m sakamakon. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa occipital kashi na kwanyar kare na gani jijiya. Kuma shi zai iya kai wa ga lalacewar da cikakken ko m asarar da ikon gani.

iri raunin

Wadannan diyya:

1. Bakin Ciki karaya da occipital kashi na ragargaje. Ya zo daga inji tasiri tare da m abu. A irin wannan yanayi, cikin kwakwalwa yawanci dama a kan mafi yawansu, da kaya.
2. Comminuted lalacewa. Yana da wani take hakkin da mutunci da rabi, tare da samuwar wani ɓaɓɓake daga daban-daban masu girma dabam. Wannan zai iya haifar da lalacewar kwakwalwa tsarin.
3. Ƙirgar karaya da occipital kashi na ragargaje. Yana kuma wakiltar wani take hakkin da mutunci kashi. A wannan yanayin, da lalacewar da aka sau da yawa tare da samu karaya da sauran ƙasusuwa, girgizawa da kwakwalwa contusion. Irin wannan rauni radiograph kama wani bakin ciki tsiri. Ta hannun jari da kwanyar, wato, ya occipital kashi.

Last lalacewar halin a cewa kawar da abubuwa zumunta da juna - ba fiye da wani santimita. Wannan canji na iya tafi kada a gane shi da kuma ba a kowace hanya bayyana. Irin wannan rauni mafi sau da yawa yakan faru a cikin yara a lokacin aiki play. Idan yaro ne bikin bayan faduwar ciwon kai da kuma tashin zuciya, ya kamata ka yi shãwara da likita.

musamman harka

Kwanyar iya lalace, wanda rinjayar da foramen magnum. A wannan yanayin, su ne suka ji rauni da kuma kwakwalwa jijiyoyi. The asibiti hoto ne halin da bulbar bayyanar cututtuka. Yana yana tare da cuta na numfashi da kuma zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin. A sakamakon irin wannan raunin ne tsanani isa. Wannan na iya zama wani take hakkin wasu ayyuka na kwakwalwa, da kuma osteoma ƙashi na daga cikin wuyansa, har ma da mutuwa.

TBI

Akwai uku main iri kwakwalwa lalacewar:

1. Girgizawa.
2. Squeezing.
3. Rauni.

Mafi na kowa ãyõyin a girgizawa hada da rufe da mãgãgi yanayin duration na 30 seconds. har zuwa rabin awa. Bugu da kari, wani mutum ya lura tashin zuciya da amai, juwa ko jiri, zafi a kai. Chance na wani gajeren lokaci memory asarar, irritability, amo da kuma haske. A lokaci guda lalacewar da occipital kashi da girgizawa lura alama hadaddun. Ƙananan rauni bayyana ta asarar sani. Yana iya zama short ( 'yan mintoci) ko karshe ga dama hours. Sau da yawa alama inna na gyara man fuska tsokoki, da jawabin cuta. Lokacin da rauni na matsakaici mai tsanani da aka alama bad dauki na ƴan zuwa ga haske, akwai nystagmus - involuntary twitching na ido. Idan mai tsanani lalacewar da aka azabtar iya fada ga dama, kwanaki a coma. A wannan yanayin, shi iya faruwa matsawa na kwakwalwa. Wannan shi ne saboda ci gaban da hematoma. Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta, matsawa zai iya sa edema, ko kashi, niƙaƙƙun gaɓãɓuwa. Wannan yanayin yawanci bukatar nan da nan tiyata.

effects

Raunin da occipital kashi iya sa daya mai gefe visuospatial agnosia. Wannan yanayin likitoci kira take hakki na daban-daban na ji. A aka azabtar, musamman, ba zai iya ganin kuma fahimtar sarari cewa an bar shi. A wasu lokuta, mutane sun yi imani da cewa kwanyar rauni, wanda suka samu, ba wakiltar hatsari a gare su. Duk da haka, a cikin wani na lalacewa, ko da kuwa da tsananin daga cikin bukatar je asibiti. Babu cututtuka proyavlyayayuscheesya jihar a farkon matakai na iya haifar da tsanani sakamakon.