Mene ne dyslexia? Dyslexia a Children: Bayyanar cututtuka da kuma Jiyya

Mutane da yawa da wani ra'ayin game da abin da yake dyslexia. Amma akwai wadanda suke sun ganin an fuskanci tare da wannan musamman cuta, wadda bayyana kanta a cikin rashin Master da fasaha na karatu. Dyslexia a yara bayyana kanta a naci kurakurai lalacewa ta hanyar rashin lafiya, ko zubar waccan m ayyuka, wanda ke da alhakin aiwatar da karatu. Take hakkin iya samu ko nakasar, lura a yara tare da ilimi nakasa da yara tare da wata gaba daya al'ada m. Wannan shi ne dyslexia, ta haddasawa, cututtuka, iri da kuma hanyoyin da kawar zai gaya a cikin labarin.

etiology

Sau da yawa rashin lafiya ne m, wato, da farko a kafa a gurbataccen karatu basira. Dyslexia a yara a cikin wannan yanayin ne saboda nazarin halittu dalilai. Yaro a utero iya faruwa kwakwalwa rauni, juyayi da tsarin entailing ƙãrẽwa. A sakamakon haka, sassa na kwakwalwa da alhakin m ayyuka da hannu a cikin samuwar karatu da basira sha wahala.

Asara ko cuta da farko daidai kafa fasaha ne sakamakon da tasiri na zaman jama'a da kuma m dalilai, da suka hada da ilimi da sakaci, rashin murya Lambobin hospitalism ciwo da kuma kama. Dyslexia a makaranta yara na iya ci gaba idan sanya gare su wuce kima bukatar a rubuce-rubuce, da horar da ma azumi. A wannan yanayin, da yaro akwai wani Jihar m maladjustment. A tare da tare da m zamantakewa yanayi, wannan yakan haifar da fitowan cuta kamar dyslexia da dysgraphia. A yara, data cuta a cikin 'yan shekarun ƙara zo haske.

symptomatology

Kurakurai a lokacin da karanta - yana da ba duk manifestations na rashin lafiya. Kwararru la'akari da matsalar more broadly, kuma magana game da asibiti ãyõyi, wanda aka sau da yawa tare da dyslexia. Alamun, misali, hada da encephalasthenia, qwaqwalwa ne qwarai infantilism. Direct take hakkin da karatu fasaha da aka nuna a jinkirin motsi na jawabin aiki da kuma babban yawan daban-daban kurakurai. da dama kungiyoyin za a iya bambanta daga gare su:

• hadawa da canzawa daga haruffa cewa wakiltar sauti da karin lafazi irin wannan;
• Sauyawa graphically kama haruffa;
• permutation omissions / ƙara syllables da haruffa, Ina nufin murdiya na sauti-syllabic tsarin.
• matsaloli tare da karatu fahimta kalmomi, sentences, da rubutu a cikin rashi na take hakki na karatu dabaru .
• agrammatism, madubi karatu.

Clinical da m m

Don gane da abin da dyslexia, dole ne ka yi la'akari da shi a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Saboda haka sau da yawa, wannan cuta ta auku a cikin yara da tsari tsakiya m tsarin cuta (yaxuwa, aikin, na gida, Organic). Wadannan yara sha m gazawar hakan shafi tunanin mutum da ayyuka, da matsaloli tare da kwanciyar hankali da kuma tsari na da motsi na da shafi tunanin mutum da tafiyar matakai. Har ila yau, yara da pathological fasali na wani tunanin Sphere: raunin fi'ili da kuma ma'ana tattaunawa da kyau image-a gani, al'ada karbuwa a yau da kullum yanayi, tare da makaranta maladjustment da sauransu. The yara da kasa baki memory gaira graphics da kuma damar iya yin komai na gani.

Mutane da yawa masu bincike sun nasaba da rashin lafiya ga kasa ci gaba da magana da harshen da kuma karatu matsaloli daga cikin abubuwan da ake magana a kai underdevelopment zvukobukvennyh ƙungiyoyi, kazalika da take hakkin karin lafazi dikodi mai. Yara da wahala tare da kafa na code rubutu (harafin-sauti) da kuma ba zai iya sanya aiki da kai da wannan tsari. A sakamakon haka, da suka rage fahimi aiki.

Mastering karatu

Wasa mai sauti nau'i na magana, dangane da hoto images - wannan yana karanta. Wannan tsari na ruhi da physiological tsarin daura da wasika. Lokacin da muka rubuta, da kar ma'anar alphabetic haruffa, da kuma lokacin da muka karanta, za mu fahimci ma'anar ta hanyar da ji na da haruffa.

A kan aiwatar da karanta shiga rechesluhovoy, rechezritelny, Speech Analyzers. Don karanta, kana bukatar ka motsa ka idanu, samun ci gaba (antipatsiya) da kuma koma (komawa da baya). Idan 'yancin walwala da aka iyakance da rubutu na ido, da karatu tsari ne karye, saboda ji na kalmar faruwa kai tsaye a lokacin kam, cewa shi ne, a lokacin da idanu dakatar a kan layi. Yawan fixations dogara kan yadda saba kalmomi, sifa da sauransu. N. A haruffa a cikin kalma yi a matsayin tunani da maki. Lokacin da muka karanta, to, ba mu gane duk da haruffa, amma kawai rinjaye.

rarrabuwa

Bisa ga lissafin kudi ayyukan keta a lokacin karatu, da suka da aka kasaftawa daban-daban na Pathology. Bari mu bincika kowane daga cikinsu a cikin daki-daki.

1. Tantancewar dyslexia

Alamun wannan nau'i ta'allaka ne da cewa yara ba zai iya daidai gane mai hoto image kuma haifa visuals, sabõda haka, suna da ciwon wahala tare da koyo da haruffa. Kids dame haruffa da cewa suna da wani zana misãlai, kuma ba zai iya rarrabe tsakanin su Tantancewar halaye. Wadannan yara da ikon gani kira da kuma bincike.

2. Phonemic dyslexia

A cuta ake dangantawa da underdevelopment na phonemic tsarin ayyuka, da suka hada da:

• Rarrabe - ikon danganta wa] annan tare da wasu haduwa da phonemes ji lokacin da wani canji a daya ko a jerin phoneme raka'a sauti tsarin sa wani canji a ma'anar;
• sluhoproiznositelnyh bambantawa - ikon rarrabe phonemes articulatory da acoustically.
• phonemic analysis - ikon sa fitar da kalmomi cikin su bijiro da batun kafa phonemes.

Yara yawanci suna da wahalar da sluhoproiznositelnyh bambantawa da phonemic analysis. A cikin farko case, ta bayyana m Ft Irfan-articulatory kama sauti, karanta da haruffa, baƙaƙe wuce a su mahaɗar tsakãninsu, da permutation daga sauti da syllables. A karo na biyu idan, yara da wahala tare da definition:

• gaban ko babu sauti.
• sauti wuri a cikin kalma (farkon, tsakiyar, karshen).
• Farko / ƙarshe sauti.
• sauti jerin.
• jimlar yawan sauti.
• wurin sauti a cikin kalma game da wasu (makwabta) sauti.

3. Agrammaticheskaya dyslexia

Sau da yawa irin wannan na faruwa a tare da yara janar magana cuta. Yana ne ya sa ta underdevelopment na syntactic da morphological generalizations na nahawu magana tsarin. Yara da wannan cuta a cikin tsari na karanta canji hali endings da kuma yawan sunaye, manufofi, da kuma yarda a kan daidai sunaye a jinsi, yanayin, yawan, canja Generic karshen magana da, siffofin, iri da kuma gina fi'ilai masu reshe.

4. Rara dyslexia

A gyara irin wannan cuta na bukatar wani dan kadan daban-daban m, fiye da sauran lokuta, saboda irin wannan rashin lafiya halin da matsaloli tare da fahimtar ainihin abun ciki da kuma ma'anar na rubutu, ko da yake shi ne a zahiri da dalibi ya karanta rubutu daidai. Bambance-bambancen karatu na take hakki:

• karanta ta syllables, a lokacin da wani yaro consistently lafazi da syllables, amma ba zai iya hada su a cikin wani m dukan, sabili da haka ba zai iya shanye da bayanai yayin karanta, cewa shi ne, akwai complexities zvukoslogovogo kira.
• karanta cikakken kalmomi, a lokacin da wani yaro ba zai iya fili gabatar da syntactic dangantakar a cikin jumla, cewa shi ne, kowace kalma ya tsinkayi ba a tare da tare da makwabta kalmomi da kadaici.
• hade da na farko biyu zaɓuɓɓuka lokacin karanta syllables bi ta wani rashin fahimta da ma'anar da mai hazo misali na syntactic dangantakar a sentences.

5. mnesticheskimi dyslexia

Wannan take hakkin ne ya sa ta da matsaloli tare da fi'ili memory, a sakamakon wanda yaro yana da ciwon wahala tare da samuwar da dangantakar dake tsakanin gani image na haruffa da sautuna. Makaranta ba zai iya tuna da wasika, ya maye gurbin su, a lõkacin karanta wasu, mai raurawa.

6. tactile dyslexia

A cuta daga irin wannan shi ne hali na makafi. Lokacin da karanta irin wadannan mutane ba su yi amfani da gani ji da sensorimotor tsarin (karanta saboda da tactile majiyai). Duk da haka, nazarin ya nuna cewa makafi yara da dyslexia a cikin sunadaran ne ba daban-daban daga jawabin cuta tasowa daga gani yara. Lokacin da tactile cuta, babban matsala - wani take hakkin da wasika na amincewa da haruffa a Braille (Faransa masanin kimiyya je sama tare da tactile font for makafi mutane). Makafi yara a gaban dyslexia a karanta kalmomi rasa, dame haruffa sau da yawa ba gama har zuwa karshen da kalmar da kuma kokarin tsammani shi. A daidai wannan take hakkin lokacin da motsi da yatsunsu a cikin wadannan yara dace da take hakki a lokacin ido motsi faruwa a gani yara na fama da wannan cuta (suna lura ta hanyar da idanu na m juyawa, m komawa da baya).

Dyslexia: magani

Take hakkin iya zama wani lifelong matsala, amma wasu mutane ba sarrafa wajen samar da aikin karatu basira. Amma duk da haka mafi yawan dyslexics bukata rubuce-rubuce matakin da aka taba kai. Don inganta halin da ake ciki, wajibi ne a gyara cikakken dukan ilimi tsari. Yara da wannan cuta bukatar yin amfani da kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye ba hanyoyin koyarwa kalma san kuma samuwar basira don ware gyara a cikin kalmomi. A kai tsaye koyarwa ta amfani da musamman karin lafazi da fasaha, wadanda ba rinjãye karatu. Kai tsaye ba da horo ya shafi yin amfani da wani musamman shirin, wanda da wasu karin lafazi dabaru iya koya don karanta

Kawar da dyslexia aka sanya a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. By zalunta kowane yaro ya kamata a bi akayi daban-daban. Saboda haka, domin wani fin so zuwa wani m wanda ya shafi koyon karatu da zaran dukan kalmomi da maganganu, amma ga wani more dace m cewa yana amfani da wani matsayi tsarin domin saye da karatu basira, a lokacin da yaro na farko koyi ga gane sauti raka'a, sa'an nan da kalmomi da kuma yayi. Har ila yau, shawarar magani zaɓuɓɓuka saboda abin da mataki ne da za'ayi nan da nan a kan daban-daban na azanci shine gabobin. Amma ga shan magani na cutar ko yin amfani da irin wannan hanyoyin kwantar da hankali kamar yadda optometric horo da kuma kamar, su tasiri a kwanan shi ba a tabbatar.

a ƙarshe

Iyaye da yawa suna tsoron cewa su yara suna kamu da dyslexia. Domin wasu dalilai da mafi yawan mutane sami wannan Pathology shafi tunanin mutum da rashin lafiya. Duk da haka, shi ne, ba haka. Kids da ciwon da irin wannan cuta sau da yawa ya nuna mamaki damar iya yin komai, a sauran filayen, kamar kimiyyar lissafi, lissafi, music, zanen. To, abin da yake dyslexia? Matsala ..., ko a kyauta? Tunani a hankali kafin ka amsa.