Mene ne Bursztyn? Tabbatas da asalin da kaddarorin

"Abin da Bursztyn?" - wani sosai na kowa tambaya, da kuma mutane, to tambaye shi, a wasu lokuta ma a kan wani tunaninsu da lamirinsu matakin, suka san amsar, a kalla kalma cewa alama sosai saba zuwa gare su. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, domin 'yan mutane sun taba jin amber, kamar yadda za a tattauna ne game da shi.

Amber Name: inda ba shi zo daga?

Yanzu, lokacin da ya bayyana, abin da yake mafi Burshtyn, translation, ba a bukatar, muna bukatar kawai lura cewa kalmar da aka dauka daga cikin Ukrainian da Belarushiyanci harsuna. Amma da mafi kowa sunan ga duk "amber" zo a cikin Rasha daga Lithuania, shi sauti kamar gintäras kuma zo a cikin yin amfani gwada da kwanan nan. Amma, ba shakka, ba Lithuania gano da kuma mai suna wannan kyakkyawan dutse, ya aka san su da yawa mutane tun zamanin da, da kuma girmamawa ga sunansa ne dangana ga Larabawa. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, ba a san wasu, amma shi ya kasance a karkashin sunan larabci Anbar game da shi koya Romawa, ake sanya shi a matsayin ambre, da kuma kadan daga baya, ya canza kama zuwa amber, kalmar da aka hada a sauran harsunan Turai.

Amber Origin: daga Legends zuwa hujjojin kimiyya

Saboda haka, ya gane da abin ya faru, kuma inda Burshtyn da sunan da shi ne don magana game da inda ya fito ba, amma shi ne ma fi ban sha'awa. Larabawa, wanda ya ba shi da sunan da tsanani yi imani da cewa amber - shi ne kome kamar taurare a rana raɓa, samaniya gidãjen Aljanna, fadi daga sama, a sahĩhin mutum ta lada.

A farko wanda na nuna cewa, amber ko ta yaya dangantaka da guduro na coniferous itatuwa, ya "koyarwa" mijin zamanin tsohuwar Girka - Aristotle. Daga baya, da ra'ayin cewa Burshtyn "dutse itace", da aka tsince Theophrastus da Pliny.

Duk da haka, babu wata hujja da cewa, kuma bã da wani hakki ba wannan version babu wani daga cikinsu ya gabatar da bai ma yi kokarin yin haka. Kuma ba mamaki, saboda haka, cewa ga kan shekaru 2000 da kuma duk wannan bai kasance kõme ba fiye da wani version, da kuma duhu zukatan tsakiyar zamanai ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa wani yawa Legends, kuma yawaita. A ra'ayin bayyana ta Aristotle, ya samu hujjojin kimiyya riga a tsakiyar XVIII karni., Yana tabbatar da mafi ilimi mutane a lokacinsa, Karl Linney, Mihail Vasilevich Lomonosov.

Bayyanar amber: abin da yake da shi?

Zaka iya, ba shakka, kuma bai san abin da Burshtyn, amma ba shi yiwuwa ba a san abin da ya kama, duk sun taba gani shi, aka rike, suka kokarin on. Amma 'yan san cewa akwai da dama iri na amber da suke da muhimmanci daban-daban a yawa, tsabta, launi, da kuma da yawa wasu halaye. Yawancin lokaci amber dutse yana a cikin jiki microscopic voids kafa ta ana buga ta iska, yin shi kamar yadda suka porous, kuma mafi irin wannan, da muni da ingancin, ko da yake gani shi ya dubi kyau sosai.

Akwai 5 main iri wannan ban mamaki dutse, dukkan su, ko ba su son juna, ko kama da mai nisa ƙwarai, duk da haka shi ne har yanzu wannan kyau da haihuwa amber-Burshtyn:

1. Kashi - mafi resistant nau'i na amber, shi ne gaba daya opaque kuma dubi sosai kama da hauren giwa, Saboda haka sami sunan.

2. Bustard - na biyu-yawa cavities, kuma opaque da kuma ba shi da yawa darajar, amma shi ne manufa domin polishing da yake mafi kyau daga cikin 'yan'uwa, amma ga dukan sana'o'i.

3. Cloud - shi ne mai kyau dutse, amma ba musamman m, yana da wani translucent tsarin, sau da yawa "m" jijiyoyinmu da haske, cikakken launi.

4. Foamy - mafi mũnin a ingancin duk iri, quite kyau godiya ga m disseminations na iska, sa shi mafi kama da pumice.

5. M - mafi muhimmanci da tsakanin sama hana karami cavities, daga dukan nau'i na amber, dangane da duwatsu masu daraja daga sama aji. Sau da yawa a jikinsa ne prehistoric kwari irin wannan kofe ne mai daraja a sama da dukan.

amber Application: dũkiyarsu da kuma kayayyakin

duk da haka shi ne a yanzu muhimmanci cewa wannan Burshtyn da kuma abin da ya wakiltar, mafi muhimmanci - da aikace-aikace a cikin zamani duniya, kuma yana da kawai ban mamaki yadda shi ne muhimmanci da kuma m. Amber worldwide amfani da su yi kyau sosai, amma, da rashin alheri, ba sosai m craft, matsalar da tuntube da iska ya auku makawa hadawan abu da iskar shaka tsari. Wannan wording alama da ɗan m zartar da dutse, amma kada ka manta da cewa shi ne har yanzu ba a crystal, sabanin sauran daraja da kuma Semi-duwatsu masu daraja. M amber sanya kyau kayan ado, mai daraja ta ba kasa da samfurin na yaƙũtu ne da sapphires. Lower-ingancin amber kayayyakin amfani ga yi na haberdashery marmari da kuma Elite kayan ado. A iyaka rabbai, shi da ake amfani a Electronics masana'antu, shi ya dade da zama wani ɓangare na Pharmaceutical kayayyakin da turare, amma abin da yake mafi ban sha'awa, ko da masana'antun sarrafa kayayyakin abinci!

Adibas na amber: da bakin ciki sakamakon da total samar

A gaskiya, irin wannan wurare a duniya akwai 'yan kaxan, kuma da reserves suna tsautsayi a kowace shekara, da kuma farashin for Sun Stone ne kullum girma. A cewar masana kawai a karshe shekaru 70 da ya ceaseless hakar amber adibas sun rage ta game da 11%, kuma shi ne wani irreparable asara nan gaba. Kuma shi ba kome, kamar yadda shi ne ake kira - amber, Bernstein, Burshtyn, translation ya kasance bã su hankalta - ta reserves suna tsautsayi. Za mu iya bambanta kawai 'yan wurare a cikin duniya, 80% na cika wannan kasuwar shi ne mai ban mamaki dutse:

1. Rasha - Kaliningrad, Far East yankin ..

2. Ukraine - Rivne da Volyn yankin.

3. Greenland - Island Chora.

4. Alaska - Barrow tashar jiragen ruwa.

Ƙananan adibas na amber suna samuwa a tsibirin Sicily, a Burma da kuma a Mexico.