Mazauninsu flatworms. Nau'in flatworms

Animal Type flatworms, wanda suke kunshe a cikin rukuni na bilaterally tsakaitã, karatu kimiyya da ilmin halitta. Flatworms (Platyhelminthes) ba ne kawai membobin wannan kungiya, shi yana nufin fiye da 90% na dabbobi, ciki har da annelid tsutsotsi da kuma zagaye, arthropod, mollusks, da dai sauransu

Bayyanar da kuma bayanin flatworms

Platyhelminthes c Greek harshen nufin "m tsutsotsi." Wannan m invertebrate tsutsotsi, wanda rasa wani jiki rami, tsara don tarin, rarraba da tukar tumbi da na gina jiki. Mafi yawansu ba su kasance parasites, kuma wasu rayuwa a cikin ruwa, ko a kan ƙasa da high zafi. Suna halin wani hadadden rai sake zagayowar, a lokacin da akwai wani canji na tsaka-tsaki Runduna, har da tsutsotsi ba zaunar da su a karshe rundunar jikinsu.

Iri flatworms ne bambancin da kuma yada a duk faɗin duniya. Akwai game da 25 dubu.

Kimiyya rarrabuwa flatworms

Flatworms kasance a cikin daula na hadin (fasali a garesu) protostomes dabbobi. A dangane da wasu rigingimu wanda sun taso a lokacin da yunƙurin raba flatworms a cikin daban-daban kungiyoyin, masana kimiyya rarraba su a matsayin wani paraphyletic kungiyar. Yana hada wakilan karamin sashi daga cikin zuriyar wannan kakanninsu.

A tsarin da kayan ciki flatworm

flatworms jiki ne elongated kuma mĩƙe, da ciwon babu rami a ciki. Wannan shi ne duk da sarari ta an cika ta Kwayoyin. Ciki, akwai yadudduka na tsokoki, wanda tare da harsashi samar da wata tsutsa musculocutaneous jakar.

Yanzu tsarin da kayan ciki:

• Narkewa kamar tsarin da aka wakilta bakin da makafi (babu damar) hanji. Gina jiki da shiga ta bakin, kuma za a iya tunawa da dukan jiki surface.
• A juyayi tsarin kunshi da kwakwalwa da kuma jijiya ganglion ginshiƙai. Wasu flatworms azuzuwan ne m ma'auni gabobin da hangen nesa.
• A excretory tsarin kunshi wani musamman tubular, amma yawanci saki ya auku a ko'ina cikin jiki surface.
• Haihuwa tsarin wakilta a matsayin mace (ovariectomized) da kuma namiji (testes) al'aurar. Flatworms ne dauke da lalurar mata.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin lebur da zagaye tsutsotsi

Roundworms jirgin sama daban-daban daga abin da gicciye-sashe na jikin mu yana da wani madauwari siffar. Roundworms har yanzu kira nematodes. Samun bilaterally tsakaitã jiki da shirin, suna da kyau-ɓullo da tsokoki. Amma babban bambanci daga flatworms ne cewa zagaye da wani ciki jiki kogo, da kuma lebur - babu.

A iri-iri na azuzuwan na flatworms

Table "Flatworms" a fili ya nuna da rabo daga jinsi zuwa azuzuwan, wanda kimiyyar zamani yana da bakwai.

Classes flatworms, duk amma daya (ciliated tsutsotsi) ne parasites. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna da wani gagarumin sakamako a kan alƙarya da ruwa tare da saltwater kifi, Munã rage su.

Da ciwon da ikon parasitize a kan fata, gills karkashin tsutsotsi suna samun daban-daban kafofin kamuwa da cuta a ciki, wanda shi ne dalilin taro kamuwa da cuta da kuma mutuwa da kifi.

turbellarians

Turbellarians (turbellarians) ne da yara wanda ya ci kananan kwaro, arthropod kuma ko da manyan clams. Su hadiye kananan ganima duka ko karfi tsotsa ƙungiyoyi tsãge ta daga ta guda.

tsutsa jiki ne iya regenerate a kan nasu. Bright wakilin ne Planaria, a cikin abin da har ma da karami sashi na jiki zuwa sake girma a cikin wani cikakken mutum.

Flatworms a gida aquariums

Helminths iya zama wani babban matsala ga wadanda suka so waddan kifi a aquariums.

Mazauninsu flatworms kagaggun ruwa. Kamar yadda flukes, flatworms za a iya a haɗe da m Disc zuwa surface na fata da kuma gills kifi akwatin kifaye.

A adult tsutsotsi sa qwai daga abin da larvae cewa rayuwa a kan fata na kifi. A hankali, suka creep a kan su gills, wanda ake girma, kai jima'i balaga.

Sun kifi ne mafi saukin kamuwa zuwa parasites weaker. Samuwar babban tari na tsutsotsi a kan gills take kaiwa zuwa mutuwar jiki, da kuma daga baya zuwa ga mutuwa na kifi.

Wasu jinsunan flatworms shigar da gida akwatin kifaye da ƙasa, live abinci. Su larvae iya zama a kan surface na algae a kan fata lugar a cikin sabon akwatin kifaye kifi.

Don kawar da iyali parasites daga kifi, wajibi ne don kula da su a cikin baho da Bugu da kari na 5-bitsillina da gishiri don 5 da minti.

M ga lafiyar dan adam kwari

Subject flatworms, musamman, matsalar na kwaro iko, yana da muhimmanci ba kawai ga kifi da Shellfish. Akwai wani hadarin mutum kamuwa da cuta da tsutsotsi, da yaki da za su iya zama dogon kuma mai raɗaɗi.

Wasu iri parasites a cikin mutane da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa:

• Pseudophyllidea (tapeworm m). Kamuwa iya faruwa a kansu, idan ba a rage cin abinci na raw, talauci salted kifi. A cikin kananan hanji na mutum tapeworm iya rayuwa shekaru da dama, kai wani tsawon har zuwa 20 m.
• Aeniarhynchus saginatus (Bovine tapeworm). Mazauninsu flatworms - da hanjinsu mutum da dabbõbin ni'ima. Prisasyvayas zuwa ganuwar, helminth tsiro zuwa 10 m. The larvae iya zama a cikin sauran kayan ciki, a m wurare (kwakwalwa, tsokoki, hanta), don haka sau da yawa su ba zai yiwu ba gaba daya ya rabu da. A haƙuri iya zama m. Kamuwa faruwa da ingestion na qwai da tsutsotsi a ciki tare da isasshen thermal sarrafa abinci daga datti hannuwanku.
• Echinococcus (Echinococcus) ne na kowa a karnuka da Cats, suna motsi jiki ga wani mutum. Duk da kananan size - kawai 5 mm - da ikon da ta larval form Finns, paralyzing ciki gabobin, m. The larvae iya shiga cikin numfashi, kashi, urinary tsarin. Flatworms echinococci sau da yawa samu a cikin kwakwalwa, hanta da kuma sauran kayan ciki. A mutumin iya samun kamuwa da larvae excreted da kare, wanda yada a cikin gashi, kuma daga can to duk iyali abubuwa da kuma abinci.
• Hanta fluke - da aikata wannan laifi na cholecystitis, biliary colic, cuta na ciki da kuma hanjinsu, allergies. Mazauninsu flatworms yawanci hanta adam da dumin jiki dabbobi, bile hanya. A jikin tsawon fluke ba ya wuce 3 cm. A musamman alama ne cewa ba kawai girma mutane, amma su larvae ne domin haihuwa.

Rigakafin kamuwa da cuta da helminths

M matakan fadowa qwai da kuma larvae da tsutsotsi a jikin mutum ne kamar haka:

• Wajibi ne a wanke hannu sosai tare da sabulu da kuma ruwa kafin kowane abinci, bayan ziyartar wuraren taruwar jama'a, toilets, titi, sadarwa tare da dabbobi.
• Wanke raw kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itace da dumi ruwa da sabulu.
• Kada ku ci raw nama da kifi.
• Long zafi bi da abinci, musamman nama da kifi.
• Kula da dace rigakafin parasitic infestations na dabbobin gida.
• A kai a kai, a kalla sau daya a shekara, kai fecal helminth qwai.