Marasa cigaban tattalin arziki - abin da yake da shi? Jihar enclaves

Marasa cigaban tattalin arziki - cewa wannan ra'ayi nufi? Maganar asali daga Latin «inclavo», wanda fassara a matsayin "lockable". Aiwatar da lokaci zuwa karkarar ko wani bangare na Jihar, wanda yana da wadannan siffofin:

- yana da wani kanti a cikin teku.
- An yi cikakken kewaye da ƙasar ƙasa na wata kasa ko fiye.

siyasa amincewa

Marasa cigaban tattalin arziki - abin da yake wannan yanki? Yana da wani ɓangare na jihar, wanda ke da mallakar. Wani lokaci, wannan yanki yana da wani m damar zuwa teku. Sa'an nan shi ne ake kira poluanklavom ko bakin teku marasa cigaban tattalin arziki.

A gaban ruwan dare sassa na kasar da ya hada da wasu related duniya doka dangantakar. Alal misali, don samun zuwa yankin, wanda shi ne wani marasa cigaban tattalin arziki, ya zama dole su ratsa cikin ƙasar wani State. Bugu da kari, a cikin wannan yankin na iya bayyana m al'amurran da suka shafi cewa bukatar da za a warware domin ta al'ada zama. Duk al'amurran da suka shafi yawanci warware tare da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi tsakanin kasashen da abin ya shafa.

jinsunan

Mene ne marasa cigaban tattalin arziki? Definition wannan ra'ayi, an riga an ba. Kawai sa, wannan shi ne daya yanki na kasar, wanda aka located ciki da sauran. Duk da haka, akwai lokuta a lokacin da mai raba ƙasa, akwai wani raba tsibirin. Irin wannan tsarin da ake kira na biyu domin marasa cigaban tattalin arziki. A irin wannan halin da ake ciki, domin a samu zuwa ɓangare na kasar, wanda shi ne a ciki, shi zai zama dole su ƙetare biyu kan iyakoki.

Akwai wani irin ra'ayi - wani exclave. Yana da dangantaka da wani maras sarki yankin, wanda aka rabu da babban yankin kasar da kuma aka kewaye da wasu ƙasashe. Kamar wancan polueksklav yana da damar zuwa teku.

A wannan m yankuna za a iya kira a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Domin a kasar zuwa wanda ya ke, zai kasance da exclave. Sauran jihohin da la'akari da shi wani marasa cigaban tattalin arziki. A wannan terminology wanzu don poluanklavov da polueksklavov.

misalai

Akwai quite mai yawan yankuna da ƙauyuka, game da abin da zamu iya cewa wannan marasa cigaban tattalin arziki. An misali ne Sankova-Bear, located a cikin ƙasa na Belarus , Gomel yankin. Administratively, shi da dangantaka da Bryansk yankin na Rasha Federation. Domin Rasha Sankova-Bear - wani exclave da kuma Belarus - da marasa cigaban tattalin arziki.

Wani misali shi ne Alaska. Wannan yanki yana dauke su Amurka da kuma polueksklavom poluanklavom Canada. Don samun damar yin amfani da Rum, Melilla da Ceuta. Yana poluanklavy ga Morocco da kuma polueksklavy for Spain. A Cape Pskov Lake ne kauye na itatuwa. An rabu da Rasha Istoniyanci ƙasa. Saboda haka, yana polueksklav daga mahangar Rasha da kuma poluanklav daga Estonia.

kasashen enclaves

Term Magana game da kadaici na ƙasa, za a iya amfani ba kawai don wani rabo rabu daga ƙasa jihar. Wannan ra'ayi da ake amfani a wani dan kadan daban-daban fassarar. Akwai enclaves na jihar a duniya yi. Domin su, da kalmar "marasa cigaban tattalin arziki" ba a amfani da.

Jihar marasa cigaban tattalin arziki - abin da yake da shi? Shi ne wadannan kasashe, yankin na wanda aka cikakken kewaye da sauran guda ƙasar. A wannan yanayin, samun damar zuwa teku sun yi ba. A duniya akwai uku irin jihohi. Su jerin hada da San Marino da kuma Vatican. Wadannan kasashe suna located in Italy. Uku Jihar an dauki wani marasa cigaban tattalin arziki na Lesotho. Yana ne ayi a kan ƙasa na Afirka ta Kudu. Wasu ãyõyi jihar da kuma baiwa Maltese domin. Ya nasa ne da yankin a cikin Italy.

A duniya yi, akwai kuma jihar-poluanklavy. Sun sami damar zuwa teku. An misali ne Brunei. A kasar da aka kewaye da Malaysia da kuma tekun kudancin China. Wani Jihar poluanklavom ne Portugal. An kewaye da ƙasar Spain, kuma yana da damar zuwa cikin tekun Atlantic.

Poluanklavom kuma dauke da wani bangare na Fort St. Angelo, wanda aka located in Malta da kuma nasa ne da Order of Malta.

ƙauyuka

Mene ne marasa cigaban tattalin arziki? A definition ba sama da lãbãri ga wannan ra'ayi ba kawai a jihar. Shi shafi da na zama yankunan. Saboda haka, Jamus garin Büsingen marasa cigaban tattalin arziki-ya-sama-Rhine kẽwaye da Swiss ƙasa. Its yawan ne kusan daya da rabi da mutane dubu. Daga cikin German gari rabu kawai tsiri na ƙasar wanda fadin - kasa da daya kilometer. Kuma a narrowest ɓangare na gada ne a Swiss kauye da ake kira Dorflingen. A shekarar 1918 wata kuri'ar raba gardama da aka gudanar a Büsingen. Yana casa'in da shida bisa dari na yawan zabe a cikin ni'imar shigarwa a cikin Swiss. Duk da haka, wannan bai faru ba. Switzerland kasa bayar da Jamus ta wani abu a sama.

Akwai birni marasa cigaban tattalin arziki da kuma Ukraine. Wannan Slavutich. Wannan gari da kewaye administratively kasance a cikin Kiev yankin. Amma a kan dukkan bangarorin da shi ne kewaye da ƙasar a cikin Chernigov ƙarƙashin hukuma.

Administratively bangare na Moscow ne birni na Zelenograd. Duk da haka, shi ne rabu da yankin na babban birnin kasar. Yana kewaye da Zelenograd A Moscow yankin.

rayuwa enclaves

Me yasa akwai sarki ƙasa na daya bayyana a cikin ƙasa da sauran? Marasa cigaban tattalin arziki - abin da yake da shi? Anomaly? Bayan duk, shi ne wani yankin, wanda za a iya isa kawai a rarrabawa da wani jihar. A wannan yanayin, shi ne m ga aiki na tattalin arziki da kuma gwamnati. Bugu da ƙari, sosai zama na marasa cigaban tattalin arziki da ra'ayin ci gaba da al'umma jihar. Zai ze cewa kowace ƙasa zai zama farin ciki kamar su rabu da su raba tare da karkararta. Duk da haka, a yi wannan ba faruwa. Zone yawa enclaves - sosai m, ko da barazana da yaki, canje-canje a cikin tattalin arziki da tsarin ko iyakoki. Bugu da kari, da enclaves na duniya suna kara. A manyan yawan wadannan yankunan bayyana bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. Kusan ashirin sabon enclaves bayyana a lokacin a Asiya da Turai.

Daga cikin ra'ayi na tattalin arziki Sphere enclaves yanke daga ɓangaren duniya. A cikin wadannan m yanayi, daya daga su sarrafa su bunƙasa, yayin da wasu ne a ƙi. Alal misali, Hong Kong. By lokacin miƙa mulki ga ikon mulkin kasar Sin, ya zama wani m misali na duniya na duniya da kuma yancin cinikayya.

A kan tushen ci gaban cinikayya da yawon shakatawa da ake habaka kananan enclaves a Yammacin Turai. Daga cikin su Belgium Baarle-Hertog, Austria da kuma Italian Jungholz Campione. A wannan nasarar cimma da Amirka Point Roberts. Duk da haka, akwai wasu misalai.

Kusan ɗari biyu Indo-Bangladesh yankuna, enclaves sha daga talauci, kuma suna da babu wutar lantarki. Ware yankunan a cikin Ferghana Valley, duk da samuwar m ƙasar da kuma ban mamaki shimfidar wurare, ci gaba da yawa muni suke kewaye da makwabta. A matsakaiciyar matsayi ne Kaliningrad yankin na Rasha Federation, kazalika da Spanish Melilla da Ceuta. Domin da tattalin arziki alheri, an albarkace su da gwamnatin tarayya wadan nan kyaututtuka da amfanin.

tẽku yankunan

Rasha nasa ne da marasa cigaban tattalin arziki na Tekun Okhotsk. Wannan shi ne yankin ƙasar a shekara ta hamsin da biyu dubu murabba'in kilomita MDD gane bangare na nahiyar shiryayye daga Rasha Federation.

Wannan marasa cigaban tattalin arziki da aka located a tsakiyar tekun Okhotsk. A baya can, dukan yankin da aka dauke da wani m bude teku. Akwai free kamun kifi da kuma matsar kusa da kotu dukan al'umman duniya. A watan Nuwamba 2013 Rasha tabbatar da 'yancinsu na ruwan da yake kara bayan da yankin Belgium, Switzerland da kuma Netherlands. A halin yanzu, wannan marasa cigaban tattalin arziki - wani m teku na Rasha Federation. A da karkararta dole ne a za'ayi ga bukatun na Rasha kiwon kifi, da kare muhalli, lafiya da kuma sauransu. D.

A ra'ayi na kabilanci enclaves

Akwai wasu wurare a cikin abin da densely populated al'umma kewaye da ƙasa sanaki waɗansu mutãne na dabam. Irin wuraren - ne kabilanci enclaves. Wadannan wuraren kullum dauke su kafofin na tashin hankali. Alal misali, Somali kabilanci marasa cigaban tattalin arziki a kasar Habasha.

Sanadin

Ethnic enclaves bayyana ga wasu dalilai mabambanta. Irin wannan tsarin ne sakamakon da wadannan matakai:

- hijirarsa daga dukan kabilun al'umma;
- bin m shiri na kabilun cikin wani dan hanya zuwa ta kewaye.
- tilasta yankin taro na musamman kabila.

Naukograd

A Moscow yankin akwai wani irin marasa cigaban tattalin arziki - Dubna, wani gari a wanda ƙasa na musamman tattalin arziki sashi na fasaha-m irin. Wannan matsayi ne sanya wa bayanan da shiri na domin na Rasha gwamnatin, wanda aka sanya hannu a kan 21.12.2005

Iyakoki na wannan sashi sashe ya shafi fifiko a haraji a fagen fasahar-m aiki.

Tarihi na garin Dubna, located a kan duka bankuna daga cikin manyan Volga River, fara a 1956, shi ne wannan gari ba nisa daga Moscow, a cikin mutum ɗari da ashirin kilomita zuwa arewa, kusa da kan iyaka da Tver yankin. A babban birnin kasar birni an haɗa zuwa Dmitrov hanya, waterway da kuma Railway. A da ɗari kilomita daga Dubna ne "Barcelona" filin jirgin sama.

Birnin yana da dukan duniya suna a matsayin wata babbar bincike cibiyar. A Dubna hadin gwiwa Institute ne ga nukiliya Research. Yana da wani gwamnatoci na kasa da kasa da bincike kungiyar da cewa collaborates da kusan 200 na duniya cibiyoyin bincike. Masana kimiyya dake aiki a JINR, da tarihi na institute sanya game da arba'in daban-daban binciken a fagen nukiliya kimiyyar lissafi.

A birni yana da babban kimiyya da masana'antu m. Its wurare ne da zamani awon gwaji da kuma kimiyya tushe, high-tech samar da wuraren, wanda ake bauta ta sosai gwani ma'aikatan. Dubna samar da RF fifiko a fagen aiyuka da muhimman hakkokin kimiyya, tsaro, tsaro, instrumentation, makamashin nukiliya, sadarwa da kuma kayayyakin kiwon lafiya.