Matsalar da knowability na duniya da kuma ta munasaba

Matsalar da knowability na duniya ne daya daga cikin key al'amurran da suka shafi a epistemology. Ba tare da ta bayani zai iya ba ƙayyade da yanayi na ilimi da kuma da ikon yinsa, ko alamu ko yayi a adam shafi tunanin mutum aiki. Tare da shi yawanci kiwata tambaya game da abin da yake cikin hali mun tara bayanai zuwa ga gaskiya, kuma abin da suke da sharudda na aminci. Saboda haka, daya daga cikin manyan al'amurran da suka shafi, wanda na shekaru dubbai don samun up a gaban falsafa, shi ne cewa yadda ya nuna gaskiyar mu ilmi, da kuma ko da shi ne mu sani ba wani isasshen hoto na mu yanayi a jihar.

Hakika, matsalar na knowability na duniya a falsafar bai samu cikakken kuma musamman bayani. Alal misali, agnosticism karfi (ko a kalla a cikin wani hankali) ya musanta cewa ba za mu iya dogara gane jigon da yanayi da kanmu tafiyar matakai. Wannan ba ya nufin cewa falsafar ra'ayi na ilimi ƙaryata bisa manufa. Alal misali, irin wannan mashawarta zurfin tunani kamar Immanuel Kant, ya kebe mai yawa ayyuka da wannan matsala, kuma, a karshen, na zo ga ƙarshe cewa za mu iya kawai fahimtar sabon abu, kuma kome ba. Jigon abubuwa ne m mana. Ya ci gaba da ra'ayoyi, wani masanin falsafa, Hume da shawarar cewa shi ne, ba ma game da mamaki, da kuma game da namu ji kamar ba wani abu ba ne da aka ba mu mu fahimci ba.

Knowability na duniya matsaloli daga agnostics, zai iya haka ne za a rage zuwa da sanarwa cewa, mun gani, kuma mun yi gwaninta na kawai a semblance, kuma jigon gaskiya daga mu tsara. Zan iya cewa, a karshe wannan rubutu, don haka babu wanda ƙaryata. A cikin XVIII karni, a cikin "sharhi na Pure Reason" Kant shirya kai da tambaya na abin da za mu iya sani a general da kuma yadda, kuma tun sa'an nan shi ya kasance kusan guda halin yanzu kamar yadda a lokacin. Hakika, za mu iya zargi agnostics shi ne cewa su rage duka adadin mu ilmi to zalla shafi tunanin mutum aiki, wanda ba kawai na nazarin yanayi, da yadda za a daidaita shi. A wannan Kant kira mu dalilin wani abu kamar kyawon tsayuwa, wanda da yaro da aka buga a wata Sandbox. Duk da cewa mun kai, sa'an nan mu kwakwalwa na'am da kayyade category. Saboda haka, muna ne mafi kusantar su yi wani abu da ake kokarin gane.

Matsalar da knowability na duniya, ko kuma wajen, ta incomprehensibility, har yanzu yana da babban amfani ga masana kimiyya. Masana falsafa pragmatists ce cewa mu shafi tunanin mutum aiki ne kawai utilitarian yanayi da muka "kai daga" daga gaskiya cewa yana taimaka wa tsira. Helmholtz ka'idar ne ban sha'awa cewa mu kawai haifar da haruffa, tsarinsa da kuma haruffa, ake sanya su wadanda ko wasu Concepts ga nasu saukaka. Shahararren lissafi Poincare, kamar yadda marubucin na "falsafar rayuwa" Bergson, sun amince a tsakãninsu cewa zukatanmu iya riskuwarSa wasu dangantaka tsakanin mamaki, amma suna iya fahimtar yanayi.

Matsalar da knowability na duniya damuwa da zamani masana falsafa. Mahalicci daga cikin shahararrun ka'idar tabbaci da kuma "gurbata" Karl Popper ya bukaci masana kimiyya ya zama mafi m kuma ce cewa mu ba wasu irin haƙiƙa gaskiya ne samuwa, amma kawai plausible. Ilimi bai ba mu cikakken tunani na gaskiya, da kuma a mafi kyau zai iya bauta wa buƙatun da kuma utilitarian bukatun mutum. Ya daidai shahara abokin gaba, Hans-Georg Gadamer ce cewa duk wannan kawai ya shafi halitta da kuma ilmin lissafi sciences, wanda ba ya bude gaskiya. A karshen ne zai yiwu ne kawai a filin na "kimiyya na ruhu", wanda enjoys wani mabanbanta fahimtar da sharudda.

Duk da haka, ko da yawancin masana kimiyya har yanzu gane yiwuwar rabo na gaskiya, da kuma matsalar da knowability na duniya kawai tsaye kafin su kamar yadda wannan tambaya na da yanayin abin da kuma yadda muka koya. Akwai kuma wani ra'ayi, wanda shi ne mafi saba mana yadda raba falsafar jari-hujja. A cewar ta, tushen ilimi shi ne wani yarda da zahirin gaskiya, wanda aka fiye ko žasa mayalwaci nuna a cikin mutum kwakwalwa. Wannan tsari ya auku a ma'ana siffofin tasowa daga yi. Wannan epistemological ka'idar yayi kokarin kimiyance substantiate da ikon mutane zuwa tare da sanin gaskiya hoto na gaskiya.