Masana'antu a Rasha

Juyin masana'antu shi ne sauyawa na kayan samar da kayayyaki, da aikin kwaskwarima, a cikin ma'aikata daya. Tsarin yana dogara ne akan amfani mai yawa na inji. A juyin juya halin masana'antu fara a Rasha a cikin karni na 19th, a cikin 30s-40s, suka kuma ƙare a cikin 80s na wannan karni.

Tsarin masana'antu ya fara ne tare da waɗannan masana'antu da aikin aiki ya fi kowa. Na farko shi ne masana'antun auduga. Masanan sun fara gabatarwa cikin takarda, zane da kuma sauran kayan aiki. An kafa masana'antun injiniyoyi a Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod da wasu biranen.

Juyin juyin juya halin masana'antu a Rasha a matakin farko shine halin da ke ci gaba da bunkasa sufuri, Rail da kuma steamship, da farko. A 1837 an halicci jirgin farko na farko. Ta haɗa da ƙauyen Tsar da Petersburg. Kuma a 1851 an kafa rails tsakanin St. Petersburg da Moscow.

Tsarin masana'antu a kasar ya fara daga bisani a cikin jihohi na Turai, mafi yawan tattalin arziki. Don haka, alal misali, a cikin Ingila tun a cikin shekarun karni na 18 na karni na 18 an fara gina masana'antun farko.

Juyin juyin juya halin masana'antu a Rasha ya fara ne a yanayin yanayin tattalin arziki. Wannan, ba shakka, yana da mummunan tasiri a kan saurin yanayi da kuma yanayin muhallin masana'antu. A sakamakon haka, masana'antun masana'antu sun rarraba rarraba a ko'ina cikin ƙasar.

Juyin juyin juya halin masana'antu a Rasha a farkon lokacin da aka fara yana nuna raunin raguwa a cikin manyan manyan masanan. Kasancewa daga serfs, yawancin 'yan kasuwa ba su da haƙƙoƙin shari'a. A wannan, ba za su iya mallakar kamfanoni ba, suna dogara ga ikon masu mallakar gidaje.

Harkokin masana'antu a Rasha bai taimaka wajen bunkasa sababbin sassa-masana'antu na masana'antu da kuma bourgeoisie. Wannan shi ne saboda adana tattalin arzikin tattalin arziki. Ma'aikata da masana'antu sun kasance manoma manoma. A wannan haɗin, haɗin ma'aikatan ba su da tsauri a kamfanoni, kuma ma'aikata da kansu suna da ƙananan cancanta.

Na biyu juyin juya halin masana'antu fara a nuna na seventies da eighties na 19th karni. A wannan lokaci, fiye da rabin dukkan masana'antu kaya kerarre da kamfanin, wanda ke sanye take da tururi injuna, wadda take kaiwa ga kayan aiki a cikin aiki.

Harkokin masana'antu sun shafi (sai dai auduga, takarda da sukari gishiri) masana'antu da kayan aiki, kayan zane da yadu, masana'antu da masana'antun ulu. A wannan lokaci masana'antu na samar da kayan aiki a kan masana'antu da masana'antu.

Juyin juyin juya halin masana'antu a mataki na biyu yana da nasaba. The mika mulki da aka faruwa a cikin sabon yanayi: shi aka soke serfdom, aka gudanar da baƙauye garambawul. Duk wadannan canje-canje sun shafe yawancin matsaloli ga tsarin tsarin jari-hujja a jihar.

Bugu da ƙari, an fara fara gina masana'antu na zamani da suka hada da: petrochemical, ginin masana'antu, sunadarai da sauransu.

Tsarin masana'antu ya haifar da fitowar yankuna (Baku, Krivorozhye, Donbas), ba daga ka'idodin tsarin yanar gizo ba da kuma hanzarta bunkasa cikin sababbin yanayin zamantakewar tattalin arziki da fasaha.

Babu shakka, juyin juya halin masana'antu yana da muhimmancin sakamako na zamantakewa. Sabbin ɗalibai sun fara samuwa. Bayan gyare-gyare, masana'antu na masana'antu sun fara haɓakawa da mutane daga jami'ai, yan kasuwa, 'yan kasuwa, manyan mutane.

Aikin aiki kuma an kafa shi da rayayye. A lokaci guda, proletariat ya ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin matsala. Yanayin aiki ba su da kyau, kwanan aiki ya dade sosai, akwai zalunci, babu dokar aikin aiki, inshora na likita. A sakamakon haka, a cikin shekaru 80 da nineties an gabatar da jawabai na farko na ma'aikata (alal misali, Morozov ya fara aiki a 1885).