Mannyan birai - yana da ga cikin iyali? Detachment na mannyan birai da su ci gaba

Mannyan birai - detachment, wani ɓangare na dabbobi masu shayarwa aji, irin chordate dabbobi (vertabrate subtype). Class dabbobi masu shayarwa ayan rayuwa haihuwa, shayarwar baby madara, nurturing shi a cikin mahaifa. Duk da membobin wannan aji - homoiothermal, watau da yanayin jikinsu m. Bugu da ƙari, cikin matakin na metabolism a wadannan high. Bugu da kari zuwa tsakiyar da kuma ciki, a duk dabbobi masu shayarwa, akwai kuma kunne. Mace da mammary gland.

Mannyan birai (birai da prosimians) dukkan dabbobi masu shayarwa ne daban-daban, watakila, mafi girma dũkiya da salo da dama. Duk da haka, duk da bambance-bambance tsakanin su, da yawa daga cikin siffofin na jiki tsarin ne m. Sun yi aiki daga cikin dogon tsarin juyin halitta a sakamakon itace salon.

wata gabar jiki mannyan birai

Mannyan birai - suna da dabbobi da biyar-fingered fahimtar reshe, wata ci gaba. An saba da hawa wakilan wannan domin a cikin rassan bishiyoyi. Dukan su suna da karankarma, kuma mai cikakken raba ulna da radius, wanda ya samar da wani iri-iri na ƙungiyoyi da kuma motsi na gaban wata gabar jiki. M thumb da. Yana za a iya tsayayya da yawa a cikin jinsunan da sauran. Kusoshi suna bayar da m phalanges. A siffofin mannyan birai mallakan unguiculate kusoshi, ko kuma wadanda suke da fika a kawai 'yan yatsunsu, da babban yatsa ne halin da lebur kusoshi.

A tsarin da mannyan birai

A lokacin da tafiya a kan surface na ƙasar su dõgara a kan dukan kafar. A mannyan birai da itace rayuwa hade akan rage wari da kuma mai kyau ci gaban ji da gannai. Suna da 3-4 turbinate. Mannyan birai - ne dabbobi masu shayarwa, idãnunsu an fuskantar gaba, periorbital zobe daga boko rami rabu madawwama biyu (lemurs, itace shrews), ko kashi bangare (birai, tarsiers). A nonhuman mannyan birai a kan fuska da 4-5 kungiyoyin vibrissae (tactile hairs), da hakan - 2-3. A birai, kamar yadda a cikin mutane, da fata ridges suna ci gaba a ko'ina cikin tafin kuma palmar surface. Duk da haka, prosimians su ne kawai a kan bukukuwa. A iri-iri ayyuka da cewa suna da forelimbs da kuma aiki rai na mannyan birai sa a cikin karfi cin gaban su kwakwalwa. Kuma shi ma yana nufin wani karuwa a wadannan dabbobi ƙara na zagayayyen kwanya. Duk da haka, manyan, da-da kwakwalwa da yawa convolutions da furrows da kawai mafi girma mannyan birai. A ƙananan kwakwalwa ne m, akwai kadan gyri da sulci.

The gashi kuma wutsiya

A jinsunan wannan kungiya da aka rufe da lokacin farin ciki gashi. A prosimians akwai wani undercoat, amma a mafiya yawa daga cikin wakilan mannyan birai shi ne underdeveloped. Fur da kuma fata na da yawa nau'in haske a canza launin, rawaya ko ruwan kasa idanu. A wutsiya a gare su dade, amma akwai ma short-tailed da tailless form.

abinci

Mannyan birai - suna da dabbobi da cewa ciyar da yafi a kan wani gauraye rage cin abinci, mamaye ciyayi. Wasu jinsunan insectivorous. Ciki a mannyan birai, dangane da wani gauraye irin abinci da sauki. Suna da 4 iri hakora - canines, incisors, manyan (molars) da kuma kananan (premolars) 'Yan asalin kuma molars da 3-5 tubercles. Musanyawa hakora auku a mannyan birai, shi kuma ya shafi dindindin da kuma madara.

jiki size

The jiki size of wakilan wannan kungiya, akwai gagarumin bambancin. The karami mannyan birai - linzamin kwamfuta lemurs, alhãli kuwa gwaggon biri girma ya kai 180 cm kuma mafi girma. jiki nauyi na maza da mãtã dabam - yawanci ya fi girma fiye da maza, ko da yake wannan mulki yana da yawa ban. Iyali a wasu birai kunshi dama mace da maza. Tun da taro na jiki - wani amfani ga karshen, akwai wani zabin yanayi hade tare da karuwa. Alal misali, namiji Hanumana tara harem, kunsha na 20 mãtã cewa - a manya-manyan iyali. Mannyan birai da su tsare harem daga sauran maza. A wannan iyali a wata rundunar jiki nauyi zuwa 160 taro% mace. A wasu jinsunan, wanda maza Dede kullum da daya kawai mace (misali, Gibbons), da wakilan daban-daban mata da maza ba su bambanta ba a size. Jima'i dimorphism ne sosai weakly bayyana a lemurs.

Lokacin da yaki ga ubanci taka muhimmiyar rawa ba kawai a cikin size na jiki na naúra, kamar yadda mannyan birai. Wannan dabba, wanda fangs ne su makami ne mai iko. Maza amfani da su a cikin m zanga-zanga da kuma rikicin.

Sake bugun, kuma zuriya daga mannyan birai

Mannyan birai haifa shekara-zagaye. Yawanci daya an haifi ɗan maraƙi (a su ƙananan siffofin iya zama 2-3). Manyan jinsunan mannyan birai haifa kasa akai-akai, amma rayuwa fiye da karami takwarorinsu.

A shekaru na shekara ne iya ninka linzamin kwamfuta lemurs. A kowace shekara, da haske ya bayyana a biyu kwiyakwiyanta. Jiki nauyi da kowane daga cikinsu shi ne game da 6.5 g Pregnancy yana 2 months. Shekaru 15 - a rikodin na tsawon rai da wannan nau'in. Mace gorilla, a akasin haka, shi zama jima'i balagagge kawai shekaru 10 da haihuwa. Daya maraƙi an haifi, jiki taro na wanda - 2.1 kg. Pregnancy yana for 9 months, bayan ta maimaita ciki na iya faruwa ne kawai bayan 4 years. Kullum gwaggon biri rayu har zuwa shekaru 40.

Common zuwa daban-daban jinsunan birai, da gagarumin bambanci tsakanin jinsuna, ne 'yan tsiraru zuriyar dabbobi. Da taki na ci gaban matasa da wakilan wannan kungiyar ne ragu, yawa ƙananan fiye da lura a sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa da ciwon kama jiki nauyi. Yana da wuya a ce abin da yake cikin hanyar da wannan siffa. Zai yiwu shi za a nemi a cikin adadin kwakwalwa. Gaskiyar cewa mafi makamashi-m a cikin jiki ne daidai kwakwalwa nama. A manyan mannyan birai, shi yana da babban rayuwa kudi, wanda rage kudi na ci gaba da haihuwa gabobin, kazalika da ci gaban na jiki.

Hali ya infanticide

A mannyan birai, saboda low kudi na haifuwa aka bayyana karkata zuwa ga infanticide. Sau da yawa matasa maza aka kashe, wanda ta haifi mace daga sauran maza kamar yadda ciyar da mutum ba zai iya yi ciki sake. Maza suke a ganiya na jiki ci gaba, iyakance kiwo yunkurin. Saboda haka suke yi duk abin da zai yiwu kula da genotype. Namiji birai, misali, Hanuman, domin procreation kawai da 800 days daga shekaru 20 na rayuwar.

hanyar rayuwa

The domin na mannyan birai, kamar yadda mai mulkin, na zaune a cikin itatuwa, amma akwai polunazemnye kuma terrestrial jinsunan. A wakilan wannan kungiya kullum salon. Ya yawanci gregarious, da wuya maras aure ko biyu. Su yafi rayuwa a cikin subtropical da kuma wurare masu zafi da gandun daji na Asiya, Afrika da kuma America, kuma suna samu a babban dutse yankunan.

rarrabuwa na mannyan birai

Game da 200 aka sani jinsunan zamani mannyan birai. Bayar suborder 2 (birai da prosimians), 12 danginsu da kuma 57 iyalansu. Bisa ga rarrabuwa, ya fi na kowa a wannan lokacin, a mannyan birai hada itace shrews, forming wani m iyali. Wadannan mannyan birai da tarsiers da lemurs sa up da suborder prosimians. Sun gama ta hanyar lemurs carnivorous dabbobi da zamani mannyan birai, ƙarfafu abin da kakanninsu suke a zamanin da a baya.

Mannyan birai: Juyin Halitta

An yi imani da cewa magabatan zamani mannyan birai sun insectivores m dabbobi masu shayarwa kama da itacen shrews, data kasance a yau. Ragowarsu da aka samu a Mongolia, a cikin Upper Cretaceous. A fili, wadannan tsoho nau'in rayuwa a Asiya, wanda ya zauna a cikin wasu wurare a Arewacin Amirka da kuma Old World. Akwai sun samo asali zuwa dolgotyapov da lemurs wadannan mannyan birai. A ci gaba da asali siffofin na Old World kuma New World birai, a fili, ya daga m dolgotyapov (magabatan birai, da wasu mawallafa la'akari da zamanin da lemurs). Ko da kuwa da birai da suka hadu a cikin Tsohon World, akwai American mannyan birai. Kakanninsu daga Arewacin Amirka shiga ta Kudu. Nan, da suka kware da kuma ci gaba, adapting to musamman arboreal salon. Domin da yawa nazarin halittu da kuma ilimin Halittar Jiki dabiu na mutane - yana da girma birai. Mun zana har da raba iyali na mutane da 'yan qasar mutum, kuma daya kawai irin - na zamani na fasaha.

A m muhimmancin mannyan birai

Modern mannyan birai ne na girma m muhimmancin. Suna da na dogon lokaci ja hankalin masu mutum kamar funny tãlikai. Birai da aka farauta. Bugu da kari, da nuna sayarwa ga gida nisha ko a zoo wadannan dabbobi masu shayarwa. Mannyan birai a zamanin yau ko ci abinci! Aborigines yau ci nama da yawa birai. prosimians nama ne kuma dauke su sosai dadi. The konkoma karãtunsa fãtun wasu iri amfani a yau ga miya daban-daban abubuwa.

mannyan birai a 'yan shekarun nan ya zama ƙara muhimmanci a cikin likita da nazarin halittu gwaje-gwajen. Wadannan dabbobi nuna wani karfi kama wani mutum wani iri-iri daga ilimin Halittar Jiki da kuma physiological halaye. Kuma ba kawai mai girma birai da wannan kama, amma kuma ƙananan. Wakilai na wannan kungiya, ko da saukin kamuwa da wannan cuta a matsayin mu (da tarin fuka, dysentery, diphtheria, polio, mura, kyanda, da dai sauransu) Wannan faruwa a matsayin dukan a cikin kamar yadda muke yi. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wasu daga jikinsu ake amfani a yau da magani daga mutane (musamman, kodan na kore birai, macaques da sauran birai - mai kiwo ƙasa domin namo da ƙwayoyin cuta, wadda bayan ya dace magani sa'an nan fasalin cikin polio maganin).