Malina: maki for Siberia. Description, musamman dasa da kuma goyon baya

Wanda bai mafarki da farko na bazara dandano m raspberries? Wannan shi ne mafi m Berry tsakanin mai son lambu. Suna iya magana ba karshe game da iri, dasa, namo, dandano da launi na 'ya'yan itace. Da kuma yadda dadi da lafiya jam ne rasberi!

Kawai short rayuwa na wannan 'ya'yan itace: ta al'ada iri da' ya'ya a tsakiyar lokacin rani, sau ɗaya a shekara - ya dogara a kan iri-iri da kuma girma yankin. Amma abin da magoya rasberi zaune a Siberia da kuma son girma shi wannan Berry?

Ba haka ba da dadewa aka bred da shayarwa "Siberian" rasberi - iri a Siberia, musamman tsara don girma a cikin wannan yankin.

Janar bayani a kan raspberries

Rasberi ne wakilin iyali Rosaceae Luss - Rosaceae, HALITTAR Rubus L. Wannan perennial shrub ciwon taqaitaccen sake zagayowar rayuwa aboveground shuka sassa. A tushen tsarin ne a rootstock da mahara adventitious Tushen cewa mika zuwa zurfin 40 cm.

A rhizome sprouts ba iri biyu haifuwa da kuma maye. A sama-ƙasa ɓangare na shuka da aka tasowa a biyu hawan keke: daya-shekara harbe girma da baya a farkon shekara har da kaka sanyi karye, a shekara ta biyu da suka ba da girbi, bushe up da kuma cire.

An gano cewa, rasberi yawan amfanin ƙasa dogara a kan tsawo da diamita na gudun hijira mafi girma da tushe, da karin 'ya'yan rassan kafa a gare su, kuma saboda haka, da girma da yawan amfanin ƙasa. Saboda haka, ya kamata ka kula da sauri na samar da mafi kyau duka yanayi a karfafa da kuma ci gaban da sabon harbe.

Abin da ya kamata a rasberi cultivar for Siberia

Malina ba ya bukatar wani na musamman kula, duk da haka, cewa wannan shuka ne quite mai saukin kamuwa zuwa sanyi, wanda rage yiwuwar ta namo a yankunan da mutuncin canjin yanayin. Saboda haka, kafin ka kai a kan namo wannan amfanin gona, shi wajibi ne don nazarin iri da aka fi dace ga gona da yanayin damina da yankin, wadda za a iya girma raspberries. Maki for Siberia dole ne, a sama da dukan, sanyi-resistant, balagagge rabo kafin fara sanyi weather da kuma resistant zuwa kwari da cututtuka.

Domin nasara namo rasberi, da ake bukata alla, kwanaki 75 zuwa cikakken zazzabi sama da 10 ° C, da kuma aiki Manuniya na nufin yawan zafin jiki daga 1600 zuwa 1800 ° C. A yammacin Siberia saduwa da sharudda da yankuna dake kudu da yanayin line Khanty-Mansiysk, Krasnoyarsk. A Eastern Siberia ne kananan yankunan a cikin Selenga Basin, da Angara da Yenisei, kuma a cikin Far East ya dace domin dasa kusan duk na Amur River tasa.

Siberian rasberi

Rasberi reacts sãɓa wa wani sosai low zafi iska gudana: sorokaprotsentnoy a dangi zafi na kasa da 40%, kuma yana farawa da wani da ake kira "bushe iska", wanda ba ya canzawa ko watering na kasa. Yana take kaiwa zuwa wani m raguwa a da ake samu da kuma disfiguring berries.

Game da Kudancin Urals, Siberia da kuma Hagu Bank na Volga, a wadannan yankuna muhimmanci shafa ta wuce kima rashin ruwa na nahiyar sauyin yanayi.

Shayarwa da aka bred musamman saba da yanayi mai wahala da na raspberries. Maki for Siberia, mafi mashahuri a yankin arewaci, da wadannan:

• Walƙiya Siberian - sa tare da misali sharuddan berries ripening.
• Farkon mai dadi - ripening rasberi daidai transports Siberian frosts.
• Barnaul - superstoyky sanyi sa.
• A kyautar - Hardy irin dadi berries.
• Gift Siberia - Middle-hunturu-Hardy iri-iri, sosai resistant zuwa cuta, baki berries.

Yanayi na girma

Daga cikin dukkan berries kawai rasberi ne mafi wuya a gaban haske. Yawan aiki qara ta harbe ga haske kyautata. Don yin wannan, gudanar da trimming, daidaita kuma zaɓa hanya mafi kyau duka goyon bayan tsarin. Raspberries a cikin lambu ana fitinar da su ƙasa danshi da kuma ba ya amsa kiran da rashin danshi. A muhimmin ne a haɗe zuwa sediments a farkon girma kakar.

Rasberi, ware karin ana fitinar da su danshi, a lokaci guda ba ya jure Scotland tsanani. Wuce haddi ruwa a cikin ƙasa take kaiwa zuwa mutuwar na tushen saboda rashin oxygen slows saukar da girma da harbe an jinkirta tsufa kyallen takarda. Tsire-tsire nan take saukar da sanyi juriya da kuma yawan aiki. Bugu da kari, yawan pathogen tsiro a cikin damp duniya.

Raspberries ne ma sosai wuya a kan inji abun da ke ciki da kuma tati inda ta ke tsiro. Babu wani abu mafi alhẽri daga shuka raspberries a wani dan kadan acidic matsakaici loam da kyau magudanun ruwa.

Yadda za a zabi wani site for dasa

The site, wanda ya yanke shawarar zabi dasa raspberries, dole ne hadu da wadannan sharudda:

1. Kyawawa kusa da tafki domin ban ruwa na'urar tsarin (ko vodoskvazhiny).
2. Humus abun ciki, bukata da kwanciya plantation kasance a cikin 8% a weakly acidic ko tsaka tsaki kasa.
3. Subsoil ya zama da kyau permeable da kuma lokaci guda vlagoemok. Don yin wannan, za ka iya yin noma da kuma hoeing.
4. A matakin na kasar gona ruwa a yankin kada ta kasance fiye da daya da rabi da mita daga ƙasa, a matsayin haifuwa rasberi detrimental sakamako wuce kima danshi, da kuma bazara ambaliya - musamman. Domin dasa ba su dace saucers da filayen kwarinta. Bugu da kari, irin wannan m shafukan stagnate iska taro, wanda slows saukar da gas canja wurin tafiyar matakai da take kaiwa zuwa ga cigaban fungi da kuma na misãlin a cikin hunturu.
5. A muhimmiyar rawa taka leda a yankin na kariya da iska da duka, musamman a lokacin da barrage na cikar rassan 'ya'yan itãcen marmari.

Features na namo

A daya da kuma wannan wuri na rasberi bushes iya samar da girbi mai kyau na kimanin shekaru takwas. Bayan wannan ya zo, kamar yadda suka ce, "ci na kasar gona." An bayyana a gaskiyar cewa gina jiki reserves ana tsautsayi, yayin da tushen tsarin da aka tsufa. Bugu da kari, da plantation accumulates wani iri-iri na pathogenic microorganisms, da kuma tashar jiragen ruwa rasberi.

Description na warware wannan matsalar ya hada daban-daban amfanin gona juyawa tsarin:

1. Bookmark plantations sanya a kan rabin na shirya yankin. Bayan hudu ko biyar shekaru dasa koma a karo na biyu da rabi, da kuma na farko writhe.
2. Domin isasshe manyan yankunan da plantation na Sabuwar Shekara hutu. Wannan na tabbatar da samuwar duk shekaru kungiyoyi da kuma a ci gaba da nuna.
3. Canzawar dasa raspberries, kayan lambu (sai Solanaceae) da kuma "tururi".

Mafi dukkan zai ji raspberries a kan wani tudu na talakawan duwãtsu, kuma m gangara, located in arewa maso yammacin ko yamma.

Kula da seedlings

Tun da shuka raspberries da saya ta seedlings yi, kamar yadda mai mulkin, a lokuta dabam dabam, yana da muhimmanci sosai ga ci gaba da shuka kayan: shi dan lokaci dropwise ko tattake, kallon cewa tushen tsarin ba ƙafe saboda rashin gona compaction.

Rasberi canes ba kasaftawa a manyan sanyi m sassa. Mai tushe mafi yawa iri deteriorate ko da a debe 28 ° C. Saboda haka, a Siberia da Urals, dole ne su rufe for hunturu. Yawanci, a cikin Urals da kuma Yammacin Siberia ya ishe stooping mai tushe a kasa da su seeding cikin dusar ƙanƙara. A Far East da kuma Eastern Siberia ne ya kawo wa rufe su da gona (ta hanyar daga cikin gonakin inabi).

The fi na mai tushe a kan bushes na raspberries, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ba ku zo da wani cikakken fledged girbi, amma bayar wa a flowering da samuwar koda gina jiki. Bugu da kari, sau da yawa suka daskare dan kadan. Saboda su dole ne a yanke nan da nan bayan da tsire-tsire sun fito daga rashin himma.

Hanyoyin da abun ciki tsakanin layuka

A mataki na wetting plantation shi ne na farko factor a zabin aiwatar kula aisles, wanda na bukatar rasberi. Description of fasahar domin kau da danshi da kuma kiyaye shi kamar haka:

1. Da suka wuce haddi danshi yanki ne yawanci za'ayi Inter-jere grassing yankunan, cewa shi ne, dasa tsakanin layuka na musamman ciyawa. Its takardar nauyi qara kau wuce haddi danshi, da kuma bayar da mafi ruwa-iska yanayin a cikin ƙasa Layer, inda da Tushen suna located. Saboda haka, ko a damp, ruwa weather tsakanin layuka babu laka da laƙa.
2. A rashin danshi ko wuce kima evaporation na ta hanya rauno mulching. Bright ciyawa Layer kullum yana zazzabi 'yan digiri ƙananan fiye da iska zazzabi. Saboda haka shi bayan faɗuwar rana, da danshi a cikin iska condenses ya koma gona. Wannan shi ne, abin da ake kira "bushe ban ruwa" gadaje.

Har ila yau ciyawa haske da launi nuna rana ta haskoki, bada haske layuka a kasa, cewa yana da amfani sakamako a kan yadda za a rasberi girma - iri da bukatar ƙarin ɗaukar hoto don Siberia.

dasa kungiyar

Sayi dasa, lokacin da za a dauka domin a fashewa rabo. Plantation ne zuwa kashi tsiri-layuka, kokarin shiryar da su a fadin gangara (na manyan yankunan) da kuma fadi da motsi na m iska. Shi ne kuma kyawawa to Orient cikin jerin daga arewa zuwa kudu, da sa uniform haske na bushes a kan dukkan bangarorin da dama, da kuma wannan bi da bi yana da kyau tasiri a kan su aiki.

Dasa raspberries a Siberia na iya zama duka kaka da kuma bazara. A wannan lokaci, za ka iya yi ba tare da ban ruwa, da cewa abu ne na halitta danshi.

Dangane da adadin aikin ka iya hannu gudanar da saukowa, idan yankin na plantation ne kasa da daya kadada, ko mechanized, idan kan.

Idan dasa ne da za'ayi da hannu, na farko a cikin jerin suna kore turaku da kuma tsakanin tensioned waya ko igiyar. Next ne dasa shrubs nau'i-nau'i, watau biyu a daya kyau. Tsakanin rijiyoyin baya ƙafãfu biyu, kuma ƙasar a kan gaba rami fall barci tushen seedlings a baya daya.

Stam iri for sanyi yankin

A general, wani ɓangare aka kira boles kara da cewa shi ne a bayyane daga ƙasa zuwa na farko reshe. Bole yana da wani gefen rassan da kuma harbe. Game da berries 'Shtambovji "sunan iri-iri yana nufin cewa da shuka yana da karfi da akwati da kuma ba ya bukatar da za a daura, rassanta ko goyon bayan.

Tserewa Stam irin raspberries - a stocky, ganga pryamorosly ciwon tsawo na game da shida mita. Yana yana da wani saman wilts, m itace, da kuma mutane, wannan ne ake kira raspberries rasberi itace.

Stam rasberi Siberia wakilta wannan iri kamar yadda Stam-19, sansanin soja, Tarussa da sauransu. Su ne m, kuma m mai tushe, a cikin kakar wasanni ta biyu, ba mai yawa na 'ya'yan itace rassan tare da m girbi. Idan wannan shtambe yanke reshe sauyawa, da rasberi daji za su yi kama da wata itãciya ba zai ayan har idan karkashin nauyi na amfanin gona. Idan wadannan rassan bar, za su tanƙwara kan, cike da berries, amma su ba za su isa zuwa ga ƙasa.

Harbe cewa otplodonosivshie, yanke, kamar yadda a cikin al'ada iri.

Girma remontant raspberries a Siberia

Recent nazarin shayarwa kawo tallatar sabon iri, da ake kira remontant. An gane cewa, remontant - mafi kyau raspberries for Siberia. Wadannan shuke-shuke iya da 'ya'ya ga biyu yanayi, amma mafi yawa aikata shekara-shekara namo. The yawan amfanin ƙasa na wadannan iri wuce fruiting saba hudu ko sau biyar.

Bugu da kari, da remontant iri mafi resistant zuwa cuta, kuma mafi transportable thornless.

Monogrades namo tanadi cewa bayan girbi da farko na sanyi a karshen watan Oktoba otplodonosivshie harbe ana yanka ko yanka har ƙasa matakin. Spring girma sabon rassan, sa'an nan kan aiwatar da aka maimaita. Yana da muhimmanci a kauce wa thickening landings.

Remontant irin raspberries for Siberia gabatar da wani rasberi irin India rani, Monomakh ta Cap, Hercules, Bryansk mu'ujiza, m, Cif, Kalashnikov da sauransu tare da kadan ciyayi lokaci.

Ga azumi namo harbe a spring bayan da narke a ƙasa rufe tare da baki cover abu, da kuma bayan sprouting kafa trellis. Maza maza farka raspberries - shi ke asirin girma wannan 'ya'yan itace a Siberia.

Ribobi da fursunoni na shekara-shekara remontant raspberries

A abũbuwan amfãni daga wannan amfanin gona na raspberries ya kamata sun hada da:

• otplodonosivshie kau na mai tushe sa ya fi sauƙi ga yãƙi kwari da cututtuka.
• Ba ka bukatar ka rufe for hunturu.
• da yin amfani da sinadarai da aka rage girmanta.
• mika lokacin amfani da sabo raspberries.
• iri da bukatar ba za a daura da kuma na'ura rassanta.
• m berries ba ¡uraishi, damar domin manyan yankunan, kungiyar na mechanized girbi.
• remontant iri nuna 'yan harbe na canzawa da harbe, sa shi sauki don yaki tare da dakatar amma wahalad da kiwo raspberries.

Babban hasara na wadannan iri ne babban farashi na seedlings, saboda yaduwa matsaloli hade da wani karamin yawan zuriyarsa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa shekara-shekara remontant irin dukan iko da aka bai wa samuwar daji da shũka a kan shi, don haka da cewa tushen da sprouts ba su da lokacin da za a ci gaba.