M halitta sabon abu - permafrost

Domestic ruwa ne ba kawai jari na cikin ruwa amma kuma m danshi. Hard ruwa Forms dutsen, wani murfin kuma karkashin kasa glaciers. A fannin karkashin kasa kankara jari da aka mai suna permafrost 1955 Shvetsov - Soviet permafrost. Wannan yankin yana da wani na kowa sunan - da permafrost.

Permafrost ne wani babba Layer na bawo. Da kankara a wannan matakin ne daban-daban low yanayin zafi. Wannan Layer hada permafrost, duwatsu, da kuma sanyi-sãsanni da na sosai ruwan karkashin kasa.

Lokacin da dogon tsanani hunturu a comparatively kananan damar rufe akwai wani gwaji asarar kadan daga dutsen. A wannan batun, akwai wani daskarewa wani babba zurfin. A sakamakon haka ne m taro na ruwa. A lokacin rani, permafrost ba shi da lokaci zuwa narke gaba daya. A kasar gona rike wani mummunan zafin jiki, ta haka ne a wani babba zurfin, kuma ga daruruwan har ma dubban shekaru. Rasha permafrost kafa karkashin ƙarin rinjayar babbar reserves na sanyi. Su tara a yankunan da low talakawan zafin jiki.

Na dogon lokaci a low yanayin zafi ne kankara a wasu hanya "cemented" tare da danshi. Permafrost hada karkashin kasa kankara taru danshi kafa wedges, ruwan tabarau, zane, makada na kankara. Permafrost iya ƙunsar daban-daban yawa na kankara. Nuna alama "iciness" iya Range daga 1-3 up to 90%. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, akwai kankara a dutsen yankunan. A daidai wannan lokaci da permafrost a filayen yana high kankara ciki.

Permafrost ne na musamman sabon abu. Permafrost sha'awar explorers a cikin 17th karni. A farkon da 18th karni game da sabon abu da aka ambata a cikin ayyukansu Tatishchev, da farko binciken gudanar a cikin tsakiyar karni na 19th Middendorf. Last gane gado zafin jiki auna a dama shafukan, kafa a arewacin sassa na da iko, da kuma jita-jitar game da asalin da kuma dalilai isasshe tartsatsi permafrost zone. Tun da na biyu da rabi na 19th-farkon karni na 20th ya fara a da za'ayi m bincike a tare da tare da bincike ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na injiniyoyin da geologists.

A Rasha, permafrost mika wa wani yanki na game da goma sha murabba'in kilomita miliyan. Shi ne game da sittin da biyar cikin dari na gaba dayan yankin na jihar.

Permafrost aka ƙuntata daga kudu zuwa Kola Larabawa. Daga tsakiyar ɓangare na shi gudanar ta hanyar da Gabas Turai bayyana ba da nisa daga Arctic Circle. Sa'an nan, a cikin Urals ne mai karkata zuwa kudu kusan zuwa sittin da darajõji arewa latitud. Tare Likitan mata permafrost kara zuwa bakin Arewa Sosva sa'an nan ya wuce ta Siberian ridges (kudancin gangara) zuwa Yenissey a Stony Tunguska. A wannan lokaci da iyaka jũya quite sharply zuwa kudu, ta ta'allaka ne tare da Yenisei River, bi da gangara na Altai, Tuva, da kasashen yammacin Sayan zuwa kan iyaka da Kazakhstan.