Laser m: aiki da ka'idodin, aikace-aikace

Wannan talifin ya nuna abin da mafitan monochromatic radiation da kuma abin da su ne abũbuwan amfãni da wani m-jihar Laser kan sauran iri. A nan muna gaya yadda akwai wani ƙarni na jiwuwa radiation, me ya sa bugun jini na'urar more iko, abin da ake bukata engraving. Akwai kuma dauke uku da ake buƙata Laser kashi da kuma yadda yake aiki.

band ka'idar

Kafin mu yi magana game da yadda za ta yi aiki da Laser (m jihar, misali), ya kamata ka yi la'akari da wasu daga cikin jiki model. Daga makaranta darussa daya ambaci cewa electrons a kusa da tsakiya ana shirya a takamaiman falakinsu ko makamashi matakan. Idan a mu dashi ba daya zarra, kuma mai yawa, da cewa shi ne, mu yi la'akari da wani uku-girma jiki, akwai daya matsala.

A cewar da Pauli manufa, a cikin wannan jiki da daya da kuma guda makamashi iya zama daya kawai electron. Kamar wancan har ma da karami hatsi ƙunshi manyan yawan sunadaran. Nature ya samu a cikin wannan harka sosai m mafita - makamashi na kowanne electron makamashi daban-daban daga wani m zuwa sosai kananan, kusan indiscernible adadin. A wannan yanayin duk electrons na daya matakin na "guga man" a cikin guda makamashi band. An yanki a cikinsa suna located mafi m daga core electrons, kira valence. Bi ta yankin yana da mafi girma makamashi. Yana electrons motsa yardar kaina, da kuma shi ne ake kira da madugu band.

Watsi da sha

Duk wani Laser (m-jihar, gas, sunadarai) aiki a kan ka'idojin electron mulki daga zone zuwa wani. Idan jikinka ne fallasa zuwa ga haske, da photon zuwa wani electron ba da isasshen ikon zuwa ya kasance a cikin wani mafi girma makamashi jihar. Conversely, idan wani electron da aka canjawa wuri daga madugu band ga valence, tana fitarda wani photon. Idan abu ne mai semiconductor ko wani insulator, da valence da kuma madugu band rabu da wani tazara a wanda babu matakin. Haka kuma, electrons ba zai iya zama a can. Wannan tazara da aka kira da band rata. Idan photon yana da isasshen makamashi, da electrons tsalle shawo kan wannan tazara.

ƙarni

The aiki manufa da m-jihar Laser dogara ne a kan gaskiyar cewa dũkiyõyinsu a cikin haramta zone da aka halitta da wani da ake kira inverted Layer. Electron rayuwa a wannan matakin ne mafi girma fiye da lokacin da ya tsaya a cikin madugu band. Saboda haka, a wani lokaci a kan shi "tara" electrons. Wannan ake kira yawan inversion. Lokacin da wannan matakin da cike da gidajen gona electrons, da photon wuce da ake so zango, shi sa na lokaci daya tsara na da babban yawan m tsawon da kuma lokaci na haske tãguwar ruwa. Wannan shi ne, electrons ne ambaliyar ruwa duk a lokaci daya zuwa ga ƙasa a jihar, da samar da wani katako na monochromatic photons isasshe high iko. Ya kamata a lura da cewa babban matsalar da farko Laser ci gaban da aka samu irin wannan mai hade da abubuwa ga wanda zai zama zai yiwu yawan inversion na daya daga cikin matakan. A farko aiki matsakaici gami karfe yaƙutu.

A abun da ke ciki na Laser

M-jihar Laser a kan babban aka gyara ne daban-daban daga cikin sauran jinsunan. The aiki m, a cikin abin da yawan jama'a inversion na daya daga cikin matakan, hasken wani haske Madogararsa. Shi ne ake kira famfo. shi zai iya zama sau da yawa wani al'ada Lagwani fitilar ko gas sallama tube. Biyu a layi daya mikawa ƙarshen aiki m (m-jihar Laser crystal kwakwalwa, gas - injin yanayi) ya samar da wata hanya da madubai, ko wani Tantancewar resonator. Da ya tattara a cikin katako kawai ne ga waɗanda photons da suke a layi daya zuwa kanti. Pumped m-jihar lasers yawanci yakan faru via flash fitilu.

Irin m-jihar lasers

Dangane da yanayin da Laser katako fitarwa rarrabe m da pulsed lasers. Kowane daga cikinsu yana amfani da yana da halaye. Babban bambancin - pulsed m-jihar lasers da hakan iya aiki. Tun da ga kowane harbi photons kamar "piling", sa'an nan daya bugun jini ne iya cetonku mafi girma makamashi fiye da ci gaba da oscillation ga wannan lokaci lokaci. Karamin da bugun jini yana, da more iko kowane "shot". A lokacin, shi ne technologically yiwu a gina femtosecond Laser. Daya daga ta bugun jini yana game 10 ^-15 seconds. Irin wannan dogaro da aka alaka da cewa da yawan jama'a na da fice matakai kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama yana sosai sosai kananan. A daina bukatar jira kafin ka "shoot" Laser, da mafi electrons da lokacin da za a bar na inverted matakin. Haka kuma, da rage taro da kuma photon makamashi na fitarwa masaƙa.

Laser engraving

A alamu a farfajiya na karfe da kuma gilashin abubuwa ado da wani mutum ta rayuwar yau da kullum. Su za a iya amfani da mechanically, chemically ko da Laser. A karshen Hanyar ne mafi zamani. Its abũbuwan amfãni a kan wasu hanyoyin kamar haka. Tun da tasiri kai tsaye a kan aikin surface ba yanzu, shi ne kusan ba zai yiwu ba ga lalata abu a kan aiwatar da ake ji a juna ko rubutu. A Laser katako konewa sosai m tsagi: surface kwarzana da ragowar santsi, saboda haka, abu ne ba lalace kuma zai šauki tsawon. A cikin hali na karfe Laser katako musanya sosai tsarin al'amarin, da kuma kalmomin da za su ba da Fade shekaru da yawa. Idan abu amfani da hankali, kada nutsad da shi a cikin acid ko deform, sa'an nan ƙarni da dama na juna a kan shi daidai kiyaye su. Laser engraving ne mafi kyau ga zabi wani m-jihar ya sauya sheka saboda dalilai guda biyu: da matakai a daskararru ne sauki to sarrafa, kuma shi ne mafi kyau duka domin da rabo daga fitarwa da kuma farashin.

shigarwa

Engraving, akwai na musamman da kafuwa. Bugu da kari a kai tsaye Laser, suka kunshi wani inji jagora, a cikin abin da Laser motsa, da kuma kula da kayan aiki (kwamfuta). Laser na'ura da ake amfani a da yawa sassa na mutum aiki. Sama da muka yi magana, game Popular yau da kullum abubuwa. Rajista cutlery, lighters, da tabarau, watches na dogon lokaci zai zauna a cikin iyali, kuma za a tunãtar da su da farin ciki lokacin.

Duk da haka, ba kawai m amma kuma m kaya bukatar Laser engraving. Manyan shuke-shuke, kamar mota, saki cikakken bayani game da babbar lambobin: daruruwan dubban ko miliyoyin. Kowane abu dole ne a alama - a lokacin da kuma wanda Ya halitta shi. Better hanya fiye da Laser engraving, to sami maras, saki lokaci, da sabis rayuwa zai zama dogon har ga motsi sassa, wanda ya karu da hadarin abrasion. Laser na'ura, a cikin wannan harka dole ne a halin high iya aiki da kuma aminci. Bayan duk, idan engraving akalla sa'a guda daga kashi canji da kaddarorin na karfe sassa, shi zai iya amsa daban zuwa waje samuwar kasashe. Alal misali, a hutu a batu na aikace-aikace na rubutu. Duk da haka, ya dace don m amfani sauki da kuma araha da kafuwa.