Femtosecond Laser: description, iri, aikace-aikace fasali da kuma sake dubawa

Bari mu magana a yau game da abin da wani femtosecond Laser. Menene babban ka'idodinta ta aiki da kuma yadda yana taimaka wa gyara hangen nesa?

Bohr ka'idar

A lokacin da a farkon karni na sha tara, kimiyya ta kai wani matakin da zai iya duba cikin tsarin da zarra, wani sabon shugabanci - jimla kimiyyar lissafi. A farko aiki ya ga sanin yadda kuma me ya sa da kadan electrons ba fada a kan wani nauyi tsakiya zarra. Previous ka'idar dangane Maxwell ta lissafai, hujjatayya da cewa wani dabba ba a kanta cajin fitarda da filin, sabili da haka, hasarar lokacinta. Saboda haka, an electron motsi a cikin wani sarari suKe a kusa da tsakiya dole ne ci gaba da haskaka da kuma ƙarshe fada a cikin tsakiya. Boron da shawarar da ra'ayin cewa electrons a zarra iya zama kawai a wasu nisa daga cibiyar, da kuma mi} a mulki daga wannan mataki zuwa wani yana tare da da watsi da ko dai ko makamashi sha. Wannan ka'idar da aka daga baya ya bayyana cikin sharuddan jimla kimiyyar lissafi. A gaban tsit electron matakan da ya bude hanyar wannan sabuwar dabara, da Laser (a femtosecond hada).

Irfanin kwasfa na Laser

Da zarar masana kimiyya fahimtar zarra tsari, sun so su koyi yadda za a sarrafa jihar na electron. Karkashin al'ada yanayi, da electron, wanda saboda wasu dalilai ne babban matakin da zarra, ya nẽmi cika ƙananan matakan, idan sun kasance free. A miƙa mulki makamashi ne radiated a cikin wani nau'i na photon na haske, ko photon. Amma miƙa mulki tsakanin wani biyu matakan halitta daban-daban haske kamfani mai suna Quanta. Amma idan da dama electrons za ta motsa lokaci guda daga sama zuwa ƙananan matakin, za a rafi na wani jam'i na m photons. Aikace-aikace na wannan kwarara ne m. Alal misali, a femtosecond Laser cataract kawar. A doped yttrium yaƙutu da aka samu da matakin da ake kira yawan inversion, a lokacin da electrons ne mafi kusantar su tara a wani babban matakin, sa'an nan gabã ɗaya zuwa ƙananan. Babban aka gyara na Laser wadannan:

• aiki ruwa (wani abu wanda yana da wani matakin inverted yawan).
• famfo (tushen wadda "arna a" electrons tara a kishiya matakin).
• wani resonator a cikin nau'i na biyu a layi daya madubai (su sun mayar da hankali ne kawai wadanda photons da aka generated a cikin shugabanci, kuma duk sauransu suna warwatse).

A sakamakon fitarwa bugun jini na iya zama ci gaba da ko mai hankali. Femtosecond Laser, misali, nasa ne da na biyu da irin.

Micro, Nano, femto

Dukan waɗannan Consoles wakiltar wani ɓangare na dukan. Milli - shi ne mai dubbai rabo wani abu, kamar wani mita. Watau millimeter - shi ne 10 ^-3 m. Prefix femto yana nufin cewa wani abu Tã, ko lullube a cikin 10 to ¹⁵ sau karami fiye da wasu daya. Haka kuma, da femtosecond Laser yana da wani sosai short bugun jini. A kowane biyu fit guda ^{15 Oktoba} hatsaisai. Me ya sa irin wani unimaginably kananan darajar? Gaskiyar cewa Laser ikon dogara a kan tsawon lokacin da electrons aka tara a kishiya matakin. Tare da ci gaba da ikon tsara lasers ba zai iya zama high. Amma ya fi guntu fiye da kowane bugun jini, da hakan yawan amfanin ƙasa. Mutane da yawa matakai ne ya fi tsayi, kuma da matuƙar manufa irin wannan short bugun jini ba m. Karbar tsarin alama kamar wani m Laser. A wannan yanayin, da jituwar da fitarwa katako da kuma ikon ne yafi hakan.

cataract

Cataracts - a clouding da ruwan tabarau. Mutumin tasowa irin wannan aibi daga view, bazai sane da shi: da ci gaban cataracts a gefen da almajiri wahayi ne ba sosai. Amma idan turbidity auku a cibiyar da ruwan tabarau, ba za ka lura da weakening na view ba shi yiwuwa. Babban Sanadin wannan canji a cikin idanunsa, hudu:

• cutarwa radiation a high allurai.
• rauni zuwa shugaban ko da ido kansa;
• ciwon sukari.
• mai yawa danniya.

Jiki ne hanyar daya - mai gina jiki samu a cikin ruwan tabarau na ido fara kaskantar, hargitse. Wannan tsari shine ake kira gina jiki denaturation. A cikin hali na ruwan tabarau na halaka ne babu ja. A baya can, tsohon maza tare da farin idanu kasance gaba daya dogara a kan uwansu domin sun kasance a zahiri makafi. Yanzu, duk da haka, cutar za a iya samu nasarar bi da.

Jiyya tare da cataract tiyata

A bisa ga al'ada, magani da ake nufi da tsoma baki a cikin jikin mutum da ba ya karya mutuncin: wani ciwon makogwaro bi da tare da kwayoyi da kuma zafi shayi, yanke yatsa - man shafawa da bandeji.

Amma a wannan yanayin, a m magani - tiyata. Kullum da wannan kalma yakan haifar da raunuka, sutures, waxanda suke da dogon lokaci zuwa warkar, da zafi da kuma asarar da wata al'ada salon. A cikin hali na cataract tiyata bukata ba ji tsoro, saboda incision ne yawanci kadan, 2-3 mm, ba jini ba yanka, da maganin sa barci.

Matakai na aiki:

1. A eyeball aka anaesthetized da musamman saukad.
2. Iris incision (incision ba fiye da 3 mm a tsawon).
3. Da ruwan tabarau an saka musamman na'urar.
4. The na'urar sabobin tuba da haihuwa ruwan tabarau ne emulsified.
5. A emulsion ne sucked.
6. Mun gabatar da wani sabon wucin gadi m ruwan tabarau.
7. Da kayan aiki da aka samu daga ido.

A hanya yana game minti 15, bayan da mutum zai iya tafi gida kansa.

Shi ne a mataki na canji na haihuwa ruwan tabarau ne emulsified amfani da wani femtosecond Laser. Ophthalmology sani, kuma wani misali na yin amfani da lasers - da gyara na myopia da astigmatism. Amma wannan shi ne wani mabanbanta labarin.

Abũbuwan amfãni daga lasers da magani daga cataracts

Nan da nan kira daya drawback - wannan hanya ne quite tsada. Duk da haka, a duk sauran madaidaci shi ne mafi alhẽri daga baya hanyoyin. Bisa ga sake dubawa, da kasa lalace masana'anta kewaye da ruwan tabarau, zai wuce hira a cikin emulsion, da karami da size da sakamakon barbashi, idan amfani a cikin aiki femtosecond Laser. Sharhi kan wannan aiki ne sosai tabbatacce duka daga marasa lafiya kuma daga likitoci.

Mun riga mun ambata cewa yin amfani da lasers aka gyara mafi kuma myopia. Duk da haka, har kwanan nan, daban-daban kayan aiki da aka yi amfani da don wannan aiki, da kuma lura da cataracts. A haƙuri shi ne babban abu - ingancin aiki, amma asibitin da yake bayar da irin wannan ayyuka, so suke ciyarwa a kan kayan aiki ba sosai kudi. A wannan yanayin, da ceto Victus femtosecond Laser: shi za a iya amfani da su don uku daban-daban ayyukan. A wannan yanayin, kawai bukatar canza saituna.