Laftanar Kanar Stanislav Petrov: mutumin da ya hana a duniya yaki

Saki a sinimomi a 2014 film da umarni Danish Peter Anthony The mutum da ceto duniya tare da sa hannu na taurari na Hollywood: Kevin Costner, Robert De Niro, Ashton Kutcher da kuma Matt Damon, ya gaya gamayyar kasa da kasa game da abubuwan da suka faru a Rasha a daren 26 ga watan Satumba, 1983. Laftanar Kanar Stanislav Petrov, wani wajibi jami'in "Serpukhov - 15" a, umurnin post 'yan dari kilomita daga Moscow, ya yi shawara, wanda sun fi mayar dogara a kan adana zaman lafiya a duniya. Abin da ya faru a wannan dare, kuma menene wannan ke nufi ga bil'adama?

sanyi yaki

Tarayyar Soviet da Amurka, biyu superpowers, bayan yakin duniya na biyu ya zama abõkan tãrayya a cikin gwagwarmayar tasiri a cikin postwar duniya. Insoluble sabani na biyu model na zaman jama'a kungiyar da kuma akidarsa burinsu na nasara shugabannin kasashen da rashin wani real maƙiyi ya jagoranci wani shafe tsawon adawa, wanda kuwa ya gangara a tarihi a matsayin Cold War. A lokacin dukan lokaci da kasar sami kansu a cikin kusanci da fashewa Duniya ta Uku.

Don shawo kan Cuban harsashi rikicin a 1962 ya yiwu ne kawai a sakamakon siyasance da kuma kokarin da shugabannin kasashen biyu: Nikity Hruschova da Dzhona Kennedi, bayyana a cikin shakka daga zaman tattaunawa. Cold War aka tare da wani mataki makamai zaben, wanda farkon eighties Tarayyar Soviet suka fara wasa.

Stanislav Petrov, aka ciyar da su da daraja na Laftanar Kanar 1983 tsaro na Tarayyar Soviet ma'aikatar tsaro, sami halin da ake ciki a sabon zagaye na adawa da manyan kasashe domin vvyazyvaniya Tarayyar Soviet a cikin yaki a Afghanistan. Ballistic makamai masu linzami da Amurka suna located a kasashen Turai, Tarayyar Soviet nan da nan ya fito daga cikin birnin Geneva na tattaunawa a kan kwance damarar yaki.

Downed "747"

Kuma waɗanda suke a ikon, Ronald Reagan (USA) da kuma Yuri Andropov (Nuwamba 1982 - Fabrairu 1984) ya kawo dangantakar dake tsakanin kasashen biyu a tsororuwar adawa tun da Cuban harsashi Crisis. Fuel ga wuta zuba halin da ake ciki saukar na 1 Satumba 1983 a Koriya ta Kudu jirgin sama dauke da fasinjoji jirgin zuwa New York. Karkata daga hanya ta kilomita 500, "Boeing" da aka harbe saukar a kan Tarayyar Soviet interceptor "Su-15" Captain Gennadi Osipovich. A wannan rana, shi ya sa ran da gwajin na wani ballistic harsashi, wanda zai iya haifar da mai ban tausayi rikice, wanda ke haifar da wani jirgin sama da 269 mutane a kan jirgin da aka soma a matsayin bincike jirgin sama.

Duk abin da ya, yana da wuya a yi imani da cewa, an yanke shawarar halaka hari dauka a matakin division kwamandan, aka ciyar da kara zuwa ga Amirul Air Force da kuma Air Tsaro. A Kremlin bayyana quite a dama, saboda jirgin downed jirgin sama ya juya dan takarar shugaban kasa Larry McDonald. Kawai 7 Satumba Tarayyar Soviet gane da alhakin mutuwar wani fasinja a jirgin sama. ICAO bincike ya tabbatar da cewa jirgin sama karkacewa daga hanya, amma babu wata hujja da m ayyuka da Soviet Air Force An samu ya zuwa yanzu.

Bukatarsa ce, dangantakar kasa da kasa da aka sosai washe a lokacin da a kan wajibi sake yi cẽto, cẽto Stanislav Petrov. 1983rd - shekara a lokacin da gargadin tsarin (a tsarin na makami mai linzami gargadi) da Tarayyar Soviet ya a Jihar m alertness.

dare wajibi

A cikakken bayanin irin abubuwan da suka faru saukar da "Boeing" shi ne mafi iya Alal misali: a taron da unforeseen hali, suna da kamar wuya a ko da babban sakataren Andropov hannun rawar jiki, latsa rufe saki button for biya a taron na nukiliya harin da abokan gaba.

Laftanar Kanar Stanislav Petrov aka haife shi a 1939, kasancewa wani m-Analyst, ya dauka up akai wajibi a shingen bincike "Serpukhov -15", wanda kula da ƙaddamar da makamai masu linzami. A cikin dare na Satumba 26, kasar barci lumana, domin babu wata ãyõyin hadari. A 0 sa'o'i da 15 minutes babbar alamar ban tsoro ruri farkon gargadi tsarin, nuna rubutu da nuna gaskiya a kan tsoratarwa kalmar "Fara". Yana bayyana a baya shi: "A farko roka da aka kaddamar, daidaito daga cikin mafi girma." A game da nukiliya kai hari a kan daya daga cikin sansanonin sojin Amurka. Babu dokokin kamar yadda ya tunanin shugaban, amma abin da aka faruwa a kansa ga na gaba lokacin, ban tsoro da tunani. Domin da yarjejeniya, ya aka nan da nan zamar masa dole ya bayar da rahoton a ranar da ƙaddamar da makaman nukiliya da makamai masu linzami da makiya.

Babu tabbaci na gani tashar, da kuma hikimar tantance hankali jami'in da ya fara aiki daga cikin version na kwamfuta tsarin kurakurai. Ya halitta fiye da daya mota, shi ne ka sani cewa kowane yiwu duk da 30 gwajin matakan. Rahoto ga shi da cewa tsarin kuskure ne ba zai yiwu ba, amma ya ba su yi ĩmãni da dabaru na ƙaddamar da wani makami mai linzami guda. Kuma a naka kasadar Picks sama da wayar da rahoto ga magabatansu: "ƙarya bayanai". Duk da umarnin, jami'in da daukan nauyin. Tun daga nan, da dukan duniya Stanislav Petrov - mutumin da ya hana a duniya yaki.

da hatsarin ya shige

Yau, da suke zaune a kewayen birni Fryazino ritaya Laftanar Kanar tambayi mai yawa tambayoyi, daya daga wanda yake shi ne ko da yaushe game da yadda da yawa ya yi ĩmãni da nasu yanke shawara, da kuma lokacin da ya gane cewa mafi munin ne a kan. Stanislav Petrov amsa gaskiya: "The chances sun hamsin-hamsin." A mafi tsanani gwajin - mai maimaitawa na farkon gargadi sigina kowane minti daya, ta sanar da na gaba roka jefa. Akwai sun kasance biyar. Amma ya taurare jira bayanai daga gani tashar, da kuma radar ba gane thermal radiation. Kada kafin ya duniya kasance haka kusa da bala'i, duka a shekarar 1983. Events m dare nuna yadda muhimmanci da mutum factor: daya ba daidai ba yanke shawara, da kuma abubuwan da za su iya zama turbaya.

Kawai 23 minutes Kanar ya iya numfashi kyauta, da ciwon samu tabbaci daga cikin correctness na yanke shawara. Yau, daya tambaya shan azaba da shi: "Abin da idan cewa dare ya yi ba maye gurbin da m abokin tarayya, kuma da wuri ba wani m, wani kwamandan soja, saba yi biyayya da umarnin?"

Bayan wani dare scene

Kashegari, da safe a umurnin fara aiki kwamitin. Bayan wani lokaci, dalilin za a samu ƙarya ƙararrawa farkon gargadi masu auna sigina: kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta mayar da martani kan hasken rana nuna da girgije. A babbar yawan masana kimiyya, gami da girmama malaman jami'o'i, samar da kwamfuta tsarin. Gane cewa Stanislav Petrov aikata da hakkin abu da kuma nuna heroism, sa'an nan kawar da aiki na wata tawagar mafi kyau zukatan a kasar, m azãba ga matalauta ingancin aiki. Saboda haka, na farko jami'in lada yi wa'adi, amma sai suka sāke tunaninsu. Mun lura cewa, ta fara tunani da kuma yin yanke shawara, ya keta shatan. Maimakon scolding awards bi.

Laftanar Kanar ya kare kafin kwamandan na iska tsaro Yu Votintseva for unfilled fama log. Babu wanda ya so ya yarda da danniya samu da aiki da taƙawa, a 'yan lokacin, sane da fragility na duniya.

Tãra-fita

Stanislav Petrov, mutumin da ya hana a duniya yaki, ya yanke shawarar yin murabus daga sojojin, ya yi murabus. Bayan shafe 'yan watanni a asibitoci, ya zaunar da su a soja sashen samu daga wani karamin Apartment a kewayen birni Fryazino, karbi wayar jerin gwano. A yanke shawara ya wuya, amma babban dalilin da aka matarsa ta ciwo, wanda a 'yan shekaru da suka shige, da barin mijinta da ɗa kuma' ya mace. Shi ne mai wuya lokaci a cikin rayuwar wani tsohon jami'in, Masani ne ga abin da Loneliness.

A cikin nineties, tsohon kwamandan na makami mai linzami da kuma sarari tsaro, Yuri Votintseva hali a KP "Serpukhov - 15" An declassified da kuma sanya jama'a, wanda sanya Lieutenant Colonel Petrov, sanannen mutum, ba kawai a mahaifarsa, amma kuma kasashen waje.

LURA a West

A halin da ake ciki sosai a cikin abin da wani soja a cikin tarayyar Soviet ba su yi imani da tsarin tasiri kara raya events, gigice da kasashen yammacin duniya. "Association of World Jama'a" a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yanke shawarar kyautar wani gwarzo. A Janairu 2006, Petrovu Stanislavu Evgrafovichu aka gabatar tare da wata lambar yabo - crystal statuette "Wani mutum wanda ya hana yakin makaman nukiliya." A shekarar 2012, Jamus kafofin watsa labarai ba shi wata lambar yabo, da kuma bayan shekaru biyu, da kwamitin shirya a Dresden ba 25 dubu. Yuro don rigakafin makamai rikici.

Amirkawa a lokacin gabatar da lambar yabo ta farko ta fara fara halittar shirin gaskiya da kuma alama fim game da wani Soviet jami'in. Starring harbe kansa Stanislav Petrov. Tsari jan a ga shekara saboda rashin kudi. A hoto da aka buga a 2014, ya tsokani wani gauraye dauki a kasar.

American PR

The official version of abubuwan da suka faru na Rasha jihar a 1983 da aka bayyana a cikin takardun mika shi ga kwamitin. Su nufa cewa shi kadai Kanar CA duniya da aka ba da ceto. Domin KP "Serpukhov -15" - ba kawai mahaluži wajen yin iko a kan harsashi gabatar da.

A forums ne a tattaunawa da events a 1983, inda kwararru sun bayyana wani ra'ayi a kan irin dangantaka da jama'a, fanned da Amirkawa ya dauki iko da kasar ta nukiliya arsenal. Mutane da yawa sun tambaye kyautar, ya mika a ra'ayi, Petrovu Stanislavu Evgrafovichu, kaucewa cancanci.

Amma akwai wadanda suka yi la'akari da mataki na Laftanar Kanar Petrov unrated kasarsu.

Daga Kevin Costner ta kalamai

A cikin fim 2014 Hollywood star ta gana da babban harafin da aka haka imbued tare da ya ƙaddara cewa riko da shi a gaban wani fim ƙungiya, wanda ba zai iya barin kowa sha'aninsu dabam. Ya yarda cewa ya taka sani kawai, waɗanda suke mafi alhẽri, kuma mafi tsananin ƙarfi daga gare shi, amma real heroes - mutane, kamar Laftanar Kanar Petrov, wanda ya yi shawara da cewa ya shafi rayuwar kowane mutum a duniya. Akwai hanyoyi da kin amincewa da juna da makami mai linzami jefa a Amurka a gefen sakon tsarin da hari, ya ajiye rayuwar mutane da yawa, ana yanzu har abada nasaba da hukuncin.