Ksantoproteinovaya dauki ga gina jiki: alamu da dabara lissafi

Domin tabbatar da ingantaccen abun da ke ciki na da yawa abinci amfani ksantoproteinovaya dauki ga gina jiki. A gaban aromatic amino acid a cikin mix zai canza a wani m gwajin samfurin launi.

Menene gina jiki

Haka kuma an kira mai gina jiki, wanda shi ne wani gini abu don mai rai da jiki. Sunadaran kula da tsoka size, mayar da suka ji rauni da kuma matattu nama Tsarin daban-daban gabobin, zama da shi gashi, fata da kuma jijiyoyin. Tare da su hallara, samar ja jini corpuscles, ke kula da al'ada aiki na da yawa hormones da kuma rigakafi da tsarin Kwayoyin.

Wannan shi ne wani hadadden kwayoyi ne da cewa shi ne mai polypeptide da ciwon wani taro mafi girma daga 6 ~ 10 ³ daltons. Protein tsarin kafa amino acid sharan a babban adadin guda biyu peptide bond.

Tsarin sunadarai

A rarrabe daga cikin wadannan abubuwa idan aka kwatanta da low kwayoyin nauyi peptides shi ne cewa su ɓullo da wani mai hawa uku na sarari tsarin, da goyan bayan effects da sãɓãwar launukansa digiri na janye. Sunadaran mallaka hudu-tsarin. Ga kowane daga cikinsu na da halaye.

Kamar yadda tushen na farko kungiyar na kwayoyin samu amino acid jerin, tsari wanda gane ksantoproteinovaya dauki ga gina jiki. Wannan tsari ne mai lokaci-lokaci maimaita peptide bond -HN-CH-CO-, a zabe kashi radicals ne gefen sarƙoƙi a amino acid. Su ayyana kara Properties daga cikin abu a matsayin dukan.

A farko gina jiki tsarin yana dauke da karfi isa, wannan ne saboda da gaban karfi covalent interactions a peptide bond. Da samuwar m matakan faruwa dangane da halayen kafa a farko.

Da samuwar da sakandare tsarin ne zai yiwu saboda karkatacciyar na amino acid jerin a karkace, a cikin abin da hydrogen shaidu aka kafa tsakanin jũya.

Mai zurfi matakin kungiyar na kwayoyin kafa da ake ji daya daga wani karkace a kan wasu taragutsan da ya faru na duk yiwu sadarwa tsakanin su, tare da hydrogen, disulfide, covalent ko ionic fili. A sakamakon haka ne ƙungiyar ta a cikin nau'i na globules.

A sarari tsari na manyan Tsarin tare da samuwar sinadaran shaidu tsakanin su kaiwa ga samuwar na karshe tsari na kwayoyin ko quaternary matakan.

amino acid

Sun sa da sinadaran Properties na sunadaran. Akwai game da 20 babbar amino acid yin sama da polypeptides a wani daban-daban jerin. Wannan ma ake rare aminocarboxylic acid a cikin hanyar hydroxyproline da hydroxylysine samu asali peptide.

A matsayin alamar fitarwa ksantoproteinovaya gina jiki dauki, gaban wani amino acid samar da launi canji na reagents, bayar da shawara gaban takamaiman Tsarin cikin abun da ke ciki.

Kamar yadda ya juya waje, su ne carboxylic acid da suka faru canzawa na hydrogen zarra a kan amino kungiyar.

An misali tsarin da kwayoyin iya bauta wa wani tsarin dabara glycine (HNH- HCH- COOH) a matsayin mafi sauki amino acid.

A wannan yanayin da daya daga cikin hydrogens CH ₂ - iya maye gurbinsu a carbon ƙara m hada da wani benzene zobe, amino, sulfo, carboxy.

Abin da ya aikata ksantoproteinovaya dauki

Domin ingantaccen bincike na sunadaran ta amfani da daban-daban dabaru. Wadannan sun hada da halayen:

• biuret tare da bayyanar Violet launi;
• ninhydrin samar da wata blue-Violet bayani.
• formaldehyde tare da kafa wani ja launi;
• Nogier zuwa precipitate da launin toka-black launi.

A dauke da fitar kowane Hanyar tabbatar da kasancewar sunadaran da kuma gaban wasu aikin kungiyoyin a cikin kwayoyin.

Akwai ksantoproteinovaya dauki ga gina jiki. Haka kuma an kira da rashin lafiya Mulder. Yana nufin da launi halayen ga sunadaran, a cikin abin da akwai aromatic da heterocyclic amino acid.

A fasalin da irin wannan samfurin tsari ne nitration acid nitric cyclic amino acid sharan musamman da Accession na nitro kungiyar zuwa benzene zobe.

A sakamakon wannan tsari ne da samuwar nitro mahadi, wanda precipitated. Wannan shi ne ainihin fasalin ksantoproteinovaya dauki.

Abin da m da amino acid

Ba duk aminocarboxylic acid za a iya gano ta amfani da irin wannan samfurin. A babban alama ksantoproteinovaya gina jiki ganewa dauki - gaban benzene zobe ko heterocyclic zobe a cikin kwayoyin amino acid.

Saboda gina jiki da aka ware daga aminocarboxylic acid biyu aromatic, a cikinta akwai wata phenyl kungiyar (ga phenylalanine), da kuma wani hydroxyphenyl m (a tyrosine).

Tare da ksantoproteinovaya dauki aka ƙaddara heterocyclic amino acid tryptophan, indole da ciwon wani aromatic tsakiya. A gaban na sama mahadi a cikin furotin ba halayyar launi canji na gwajin yanayi.

Abin da amfani reagents

Domin dauke da fitar da dauki ksantoproteinovaya bukatar shirya wani 1% bayani daga kwai gina jiki, ko kayan lambu asalin.

Yawancin lokaci amfani da kwai, wanda aka raba domin kara rabuwa da furotin daga gwaiduwa. Ga wani 1% bayani daga furotin aka diluted a wani tenfold adadin tsarkake ruwa. Bayan rushe sakamakon gina jiki ruwa ya kamata a tace ta hanyar da dama yadudduka na cheesecloth. Wannan bayani ya kamata a adana a wani sanyi wuri.

Yana yiwuwa a gudanar da wani dauki da furotin xin kayan lambu. Don shirya bayani da ake amfani da garin alkama, a wani adadin 0,04 kg. 0,16 l na tsarkake ruwa. Sinadaran da aka gauraye a wani flask wanda aka daura for 24 hours a wani sanyi wuri a zazzabi na game + 1 ° C. A karshen ranar da bayani da aka zuga, bi da tacewa daga gare farko tare da auduga ulu sa'an nan - a takarda folded tace. A sakamakon ruwa da aka sa a cikin wani sanyi wuri. Wannan bayani ne yafi ba a cikin albumin sulusi da murabba'i.

Domin dauke da fitar da dauki ksantoproteinovaya matsayin babban reagent amfani nitric acid conc. Bugu da ari reagents ne wani bayani da 10% sodium hydroxide ko ammonia, da gelatin bayani da kuma Unconcentrated phenol.

A hanya na

A wani tsabta tube aka sanya 1% gina jiki bayani -th qwai ko gari a cikin wani adadin na 2 ml. Don wannan ne kara game 9 saukad da na mayar da hankali nitric acid don flocculation tsaya. A sakamakon cakuda da aka kona, sakamakon rawaya precipitate hankali vuya da kuma ta launi da ke shiga bayani.

Lokacin da ruwa cools saukar a tube tare da bango kara game 9 saukad da na sodium hydroxide, mai karfi, wanda shi ne haddi ga tsari. A dauki matsakaici zama alkaline. Content zama orange launi a cikin gwajin tube.

Features na

Tun ksantoproteinovaya kira ingantaccen dauki zuwa nitric acid da mataki na sunadarai, da samfurin da aka yi a karkashin hada fume kaho. Kiyaye duk ranmu a lõkacin da aiki tare da mayar da hankali caustic abubuwa.

A saki da abinda ke ciki daga cikin tube na iya faruwa a lokacin da dumama aiwatar da cewa dole ne a yi la'akari lokacin kayyade shi a cikin wani mariƙin da kuma zabi cikin karkata.

Bugun kira na mayar da hankali nitric acid da caustic soda kamata kawai yin amfani da gilashin pipette da pears roba haramta pipette da bakinka.

Dangi dauki tare da phenol

Domin tsabta, tsari da kuma tabbaci daga gaban phenyl kungiyoyin ne da za'ayi tare da wani irin samfurin hydroxybenzene.

A tube yin 2 ml diluted phenol, sa'an nan a hankali tare da bango, da aka kara 2 ml na mayar da hankali nitric acid. A bayani da aka hõre dumama, inda ya zama rawaya. Wannan dauki ingancin gaban benzene zobe.

Tsari hydroxybenzene nitrated tare da nitric acid bi ta samuwar cakuda p-nitrophenol da kuma o-nitrophenol a wani kaso daga 15 zuwa 35.

Kwatanta gwajin tare da gelatin

Don tabbatar da cewa ksantoproteinovaya dauki ga gina jiki bayyana wani amino acid tare da aromatic tsarin, yi amfani da sunadarai da cewa ba su da wata phenolic kungiyar.

A wani tsabta tube aka sanya 1% gelatin bayani a cikin wani adadin 2 ml. Don wannan ne kara game 9 saukad da na mayar da hankali nitric acid. A sakamakon cakuda shi ne mai tsanani. A bayani da aka ba a canza launin rawaya a, wanda ya tabbatar da babu amino acid tare da wani aromatic tsarin. Wani lokaci akwai wani kadan yellowing na yanayi saboda gaban furotin impurities.

sinadaran da lissafai

A cikin biyu mataki dauki gudanar ksantoproteinovaya sunadaran. Formula mataki na farko nitration aiwatar bayyana amino acid kwayoyin ta amfani da mayar da hankali nitric acid.

An misali ne abin da aka makala na nitro kungiyar zuwa tyrosine ta samar da nitrotyrosine da dinitrotirozina. A farkon yanayin zuwa benzene zobe ne a haɗe daya NO ₂ -radical, da kuma na biyu fili da biyu hydrogen atoms an maye gurbinsu da NO _2. Chemical dabara ksantoproteinovaya tyrosine dauki wakilta dauki tare da nitric acid don ya samar nitrotyrosine kwayoyin.

Nitration tsari ne tare da mika mulki colorless canza launi a rawaya sautin. A dauke da fitar da wannan dauki da sunadaran dauke da amino acid sharan phenylalanine ko tryptophan, da kuma launi daga cikin bayani canje-canje.

Mataki na biyu shi ne da dauki samfurin na nitration na tyrosine kwayoyin, musamman nitrotyrosine, tare da ammonium ko sodium hydroxide. A sakamakon haka ne sodium ko ammonium gishiri a cikin abin da yellow-orange launi. Irin wannan dauki da aka alaka da yiwuwar nitrotyrosine kwayoyin matsawa a cikin quinoid form. Daga bisani gishiri kafa gare nitronic acid, wanda yana da quinone tsarin na conjugated biyu shaidu.

Kamar wancan ƙare ksantoproteinovaya dauki ga sunadaran. A lissafi gabatar sama na biyu mataki.

sakamakon

A lokacin bincike na ruwaye dauke a cikin uku shambura, saidai bayani ne diluted da phenol. Abubuwa da benzene zobe ba ingantaccen dauki tare da nitric acid. A sakamakon haka, shi ya musanya launi na bayani.

Kamar yadda aka sani, gelatin qunshi wani hydrolyzed nau'i na collagen. The gina jiki bai ƙunshi aromatic tsarin da amino acid. Babu canji a launi daga cikin matsakaici da dauki da wani acid.

A cikin uku gwajin tube akwai wani m dauki ga sunadaran ksantoproteinovaya. Kammalawa za a iya kõma kamar haka: duk sunadaran da aromatic tsarin, ko na zama wani phenyl kungiyar ko wani indole zobe, ba da canji a cikin launi na bayani. Wannan shi ne saboda samuwar nitro mahadi tare da rawaya launi.

Dauke da fitar da wani launi dauki tabbatar da kasancewar daban-daban sinadaran Tsarin cikin amino acid da sunadaran. MISALI gelatin nuna cewa abun da ke ciki ya hada da aminocarboxylic acid ba da ciwon phenyl kungiyar ko wani cyclic tsarin.

Tare da ksantoproteinovaya dauki za a iya bayyana ta yellowing da fata a lokacin da ya shafi shi mai karfi da nitric acid. A wannan launi zai zama frothy madara a lokacin ta kama da bincike.

A asibiti dakin gwaje-gwaje yi wannan launi samfurin da aka ba amfani ga ganewa na gina jiki a cikin fitsari. Wannan shi ne saboda da rawaya launi na fitsari da kanta.

Ksantoproteinovaya dauki zama ƙara amfani ga quantification amino acid kamar tryptophan da tyrosine, a matsayin wani bangare na daban-daban sunadarai.