Kronotsky Reserve da kuma ban sha'awa abubuwa game da shi. Kronotsky Muciya Reserve

Kronotsky Reserve aka kafa a 1934 a cikin Far East. Its nisa ne da matsakaita na 60 km. 243 km miƙa shoreline.

Masu karatu zai yiwuwa ya zama sha'awar su san inda Kronotsky ajiye. An located a kudu maso ɓangare na Kamchatka, nasa administratively ga Elizovo gundumar Kamchatka yankin. A birnin Elizovo ne ajiye management.

Ya daukan kan wani iri-iri na halitta da kuma tsarin su bayyanar da wani wuri na musamman a tsakanin wadannan yankuna a cikin Far East. Description na Kronotsky Muciya Reserve za a gabatar a wannan labarin.

Da farko, kadan tarihi. Created wadannan yankuna ya fara da dama ƙarni kafin aiki na hukuma ajiye matsayi. Long tun da, a cewar shaidun gani da ido, yada hadisin yanayi kiyayewa, mafi yawa sables, wanda a manyan lambobin nan kuma ya rayu a cikin gida jama'ar na bayar da muhimmanci. Da farko, a 1882, akwai wanzu Sobolinsky Reserve. Sa'an nan, a 1934, da aka kafa a wuri Kronotsky.

Reserve yau - a ƙasa, wanda yake a cikin nau'i wani sababbu polygon. Its surface yankin ne kusan shida da dubu. ^Km2.

topography

Yankin ne mountainous, kawai a bakin tekun filayen suna located. Kronotsky ajiye - halitta yankin, kusa da yankin kudu maso yammacin iyakar abin da suke volcanoes, biyu daga waxanda suke halin yanzu (da Unana Taunishits). Its conical siffar da tsawo kuma tsaye dadaddun Kronotsky (tsawo - 3528 m), wanda shi ne na biyu ne kawai zuwa Kamchatka key tudu. Kronotsky Reserve yana da yawa glaciers, wanda zauna 14 dubu kadada. Wasu daga cikin su suna da wani kyakkyawan m size, da sauransu - ban sha'awa form. Alal misali, Tyushevskii gleiser a tsawon har zuwa 8 km. Geysers da kuma maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi suna located in tawayar yankunan.

Caldera Uzon

Caldera Uzon ne main janye daga wani abu irin wannan a matsayin Kronotsky Reserve. Yana tashi daga gaskiya cewa kankara fadi, forming wani low madauwari firam. Akwai manyan yawan sanyi da dumi tabkuna. The most of wadannan su ne: sanyi da dumi Fumarolnoye Tsakiya. Rocky da m ciki gangara na caldera. External akasin haka, waɗansu inuwõwi. Su matsawa zuwa cikin sararin tudu. Iko Griffins ne a tsakiyar ɓangare na caldera da mazurari cike da ruwan zafi, da laka tukwane (msl, sculptor wanda kowane 3 seconds "kyawon tsayuwa" tsarin kama fure). Duk da wannan - da musamman halitta shafukan da Kronotsky ajiye.

The Valley of Geysers

Yana da ya sãme Kamchatka Valley of Geysers asiri da kuma kyau. Musamman m ne sauti na ruwa, da kuma da yawa koguna da makullin da mahara masu launin algae, da launi na wanda dabam daga baki zuwa orange da kuma kore. Its kyakkyawa ne m waterfall p. M. Ruwanta fada daga tsawo na 80 mita. A ranar, da geyser River kwarin akwai 22 aiki geysers. Su duk da akwai nasu sake zagayowar na aiki da kuma sunan. Fountain (geyser sunan) shi ne mai kyau, saboda shi ta barke a kowace 17 minutes. Amma babban mutum, shugaban geysers, sa ya "wasanni" to jira har zuwa biyar hours. The most a Kamchatka ne wata katuwar. Kronotsky ajiye - wani wuri inda akwai m, a kwance geysers, ruwan hoda mazugi New Fountain, Fountain, Biyu, lu'u-lu'u, kazalika da maɓuɓɓugan ruwan zafi kamar Shawagi, Malachite wakiltar da sauransu.

Wani mutum wanda yake a kwarin Geysers karo na farko, gani staggering dama. Ya kamata ziyarci idan kawai ga spectacle Kronotsky Jihar Nature Reserve. Description of kwarin Geysers wuya a kai a cikin kalmomi. Duniya shi ne don haka ba na gaskiya ba, ga alama kamar yadda idan ka kasance a kan wani duniya. Akwai launuka da cewa suna gaba daya halin da shimfidar wurare na Duniya - a kan wani bango na kore Dwarf Pine, kazalika da itãce da itatuwa - m, ja, ruwan kasa, launi na yumɓun wuta duniya. iska smells na sulfur da tururi ne cikakken yi iyaka. Around duk kumfa, hisses kuma tafasa! Manyan da kananan boilers, volcanoes underfoot tafasar lãka da ƙasa. Ba za ka iya tafi guda mataki kashe sawu - narkar. Na fasa da crevices steaming, wanda "kashe" kananan geysers.

Shi ne muhimmiyar rawa na volcanic matakai a zazzabi karuwa da kududdufai, da janyo hankalin a cikin hunturu ba kawai waterfowl da waterfowl, amma kuma yi shaida, kuma bighorn tumaki. A lokaci guda, saboda volcanic gas mai guba ya kashe wani babban yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa, da tsuntsaye, inhabiting da Kronotsky Reserve. Alal misali, a cikin Mutuwa Valley sau da yawa sami matattu dabbobi. Sun jawo hankalin scavengers na manyan yara. Duk da haka, don samun fita zuwa wadannan dabbobi ne ba zai yiwu.

Kududdufai a ajiye

Akwai fiye da 800 kududdufai a ajiye. Su dokoki game da 3% na jimlar kare yankin. Tsohon Semyachik kogin gudana a cikin kudancin ajiye. The most koguna ne Bogachevka da Kronotsky. karshe tsawon na 39 kilomita. Yana bi daga Kronotsky Lake da kuma siffofin da yawa tsibiran da oxbows. Bogachevka a tsawon shi ta fi gaban. Its tsawon ne 72 km da zurfin ne 1.2-1.5 m. Wannan kogin na da hankula dutsen hali. Ta m, cuts ta hanyar da babba kai na da m gangara, ƙasa freezes a cikin hunturu.

Mutane da yawa tabkuna a wani yanayi ajiye. A mafi zurfi - Kronotskoye. Yana kama da shaci wani isosceles alwatika.

ajiye sauyin yanayi

Wannan ƙasa nasa ne da Pacific Coast na Chukotka a kan yanayin yankuna. Kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da sauyin yanayi na tekun Pacific. Its samuwar kuma ya rinjayi da duwatsu taimako na wannan ƙasa. Summer a ajiye shi ne sanyi da kuma gumi, tare da m hazo da kuma m yayyafi da haske iskõki daga kudu. A cikin kaka ne dumi da kuma bushe weather tare da yalwa da sunshine. Duk da haka, hunturu fara a watan Nuwamba. An halin sanyi da tsananin iska, wani lokacin kai guguwa ƙarfi, kazalika da rain. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar avalanches fara dumi weather a cikin bazara. Wannan Gaskiya ne, don kunkuntar dutsen kogin kwari da m gangara.

ƙasa

Ƙasa a kan ƙasa na ajiye kafa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar volcanic aiki. Dindindin ƙasa rejuvenation taimaka a samun ta da toka. Saboda wannan an kuma tare da cikakken ma'adanai. Irin wannan kasa suna da wani babban ruwa permeability da sako-sako da kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, wanda shi ne sosai m ga ci gaban da daban-daban shuke-shuke.

Shuka iri a cikin ajiye

600 jinsunan jijiyoyin bugun gini shuke-shuke samu a ajiye, kazalika da 113 jinsunan lichens. Daga cikin rare gaskiya difazistrum Sitka, lichen, wanda aka samu a kankara. A ajiye akwai 85 jinsunan bryophytes, 6 - ferns. Daga cikin su za ka iya samun irin wannan rare jinsunan a matsayin girma a damp fadamun Thelypteris palustris, kwarin Geysers - spleenwort yanke-fita, da kankara na Pacific Coast - kore spleenwort, kazalika da cryptogram rubuta, girma a kan m yankunan.

Pinus pumila suranta thickets kan wani m yanki. A wasu wurare a ajiye za ka iya samun m fir da spruce Ayan. Yana yana zuwa 25 mita a tsawo, da kuma ta shekaru iya zama shekaru 300 da haihuwa. Shi ne kuma mai ban sha'awa ga inuwa-m. M fir za a iya samu a kudu maso gabashin yankin. Yana da wani ornamental shuka da kyau conical kambi.

Magani shuke-shuke, furanni

A ajiye na magani shuke-shuke da aka samu: voskovik ji ciwon resinous ƙanshi, da kuma nettle ploskolistnaya. A Goltsova girma zone da aka sani da Rhodiola rosea, wanda kuma ake kira da zinariya tushen. Rue Thunberg, a rare jinsuna, girma a cikin gandun daji na Erman. Akwai kuma woody itacen inabi, ya rufe tare da sama-da shuɗi da shunayya furanni. A Marshes da tafkunan samu zheltotsvetkovaya marigold iyo. Goldthread trifoliate da fararen furanni da kuma duhu kore ganye zaune a kan gansakuka bogs. Bright furanni a fagage daban-daban na dutsen tundra, pebbles, kankara, rock a qarqashinsu, peat bogs da swamps tsaya da poppy shuka. Blooms a bude gangara cloves rarrafe. Mutane da yawa ne a kan ajiye Heather shuke-shuke da cewa tsaya daga gare su haske launuka a cikin sassa daban-daban. 4 iri violets ne ma da na kowa, abin da launuka - daga fari zuwa blue. Za a iya samun su daga berries blueberry da Cranberry fadama, cranberries kananan da kuma talakawa.

Daya kawai jinsin tsakanin Willow itatuwa isa wani tsawo na 25 mita. Wannan Sakhalin Willow. Sauran itatuwa - shrubs.

Yana tsaye tsayi a angelica bearish, wanda ya kai wani tsawo na 2-3 mita. Milestones m girma kai tsaye a cikin ruwa.

Wakilai daga cikin Lily halin musamman kyakkyawa. Found a cikin ajiye Lily baki, da shunayya, da shunayya-ja da haske fari. Ga za ka iya samun ado shuke-shuke na da orchid iyali. Alal misali, a cikin sama kogin. Geyser da aka samu na musamman da flower. Yana spiranthes Sin. Ya Inflorescence spirally Twisted, akwai kananan haske ruwan hoda furanni.

The ajiye yana daga cikin rare jinsunan da aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi, akwai: fir da m takalma macranthon.

Animals cewa rayuwa, a fannin

Kronotsky ajiye fauna ne sosai bambancin, duk da haka baya zuwa sauran jinsunan abun da ke ciki na Kamchatka. Wannan shi ne saboda wurinta. Alal misali, amphibian fauna a ajiye wakilta kawai Siberian salamander. Babu dabbobi masu rarrafe a yankin.

Wasu jinsunan da ban sha'awa sosai tarihi na shigar azzakari cikin farji, a cikin Kronotsky Jihar Nature Muciya Reserve. Alal misali, a kananan baki Pine longhorn irin ƙwaro bazata samu a nan tare da itace. Ya bayyana a Uzon for shipping baya filafilin kifi saukar ungulu. Filafilin kifi da ake amfani da man fetur da filin ajiye motoci tafiya.

tsuntsãye

Kronotsky Jihar Muciya Reserve - wani yanki cewa yana da 69 mazauna na seabirds. Fi yawa numerically Lund, Pacific gull, tattabara guillemot, dimilmilo Berin. Akwai kuma sami tare da wani muhimmanci ƙananan yawan irin wakilan kamar yadda glaucous-winged gull, kowa murre da horned. Musamman sha'awa ne Lund. Wannan tsuntsu ne da launin ruwan kasa a launi, matsakaici-sized tare da ja baki, sosai mĩƙe a kan sãsanninku. Baya ta idanu ne fari dogon gashinsa. Wannan ban sha'awa tsuntsu sheƙarsu a burrows wanda shi haƙa a cikin taushi da ƙasa a kan fi na kankara. Da kankara ma gida zakara, swifts belopoyasnye, Steller ta teku mikiya da mohonogy Konyukov.

A Kronotsky mashigar ruwa a Olga Bay, wanda ba freezes, akwai 1.5 dubu tsuntsaye. Numerically m daga gare su: Pacific baki scoter, dogon-tailed duck, Eider, shaho-nosed scoter, harlequin duck. Mutane da yawa a nan kamar yadda ya yi cara ta kuma gulls.

Marshy tundra tabkuna zauna: ja-kai grebe, ja-throated Loon, arewacin pintail, wigeon, teal, ƙugiya-nosed kurpan, black scoter, blue-m da kuma baki-gangarawa gulls. Yana sheƙarsu a kananan lambobi whooper swan, wanda ya zama m.

Teku zakuna da tẽku otters

A Cape Kozlov a 1942, akwai fiye da dubu teku zakuna, kazalika da dama da ɗari fiye da yammacin Cape. Yawan wadannan dabbobi a yau ne kawai 700 mutane. Sun kasance a rare jinsuna, teku zakuna aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi daga Rasha. Su ne yanzu a karkashin musamman kariya.

Tẽku Otter ne 'yan qasar mazaunan Gabas Kamchatka, ta ƙasar. A cikin karni na 19th da yawan wannan nau'in ya sosai high, amma a farkon karni na 20th shi ne gaba daya tafi. Yanzu teku otters sun koma a kan nasu a cikin Kronotsky Jihar Nature Reserve. Su lissafa kawai game da 120 dabbobi.

Ringed like da kowa like zauna jihar bakin teku ruwa na ajiye. Suna da aka jera a matsayin miyagun.

Manyan dabbobin Kronotsky ajiye

Reindeer zaune a kwaruruka bakin teku tsiri. Akwai na predatory fox, wolverine, ermine. A Kamchatka, gida mai haske launuka da kuma manyan size fox. A yagodnikovyh tundra a marigayi Yuli, ciyar da beyar. Zauna a cikin jihar bakin teku tsiri na bighorn tumaki da cewa ciyar da samuwa Bishiyoyi da ciyawa, algae feed a kan tudu. Yawan abin da ke faruwa a Kamchatka reindeer ne yanzu a wani mawuyacin matakin. Daya daga cikin manyan manufofin ne don adana da sabuntawa. Kamchatka marmot - wani mazauni da tsaunuka, wanda ke zaune a takaice ciyawa yankunan.

Species zaune a kamennoberezovikah

Kowa daga cikin jinsunan da zauna cikin kamennoberezovikah, nuthatch, Pukhlyak, Small hange woodpecker, Gray-bugawa greenfinch, bullfinch, Yurok, pestrogrudaya da kuma ja-breasted flycatcher, kodadde thrush, ja-flanked bluetail kurãme ne kuma Cuckoo, capercaillie, uku-toed woodpecker. Ga sheƙa daga yara goshawk, sha'awa, teku gaggafa. A manyan yawan rayukan Okhotsk wasan kurket.

Sable, ruwan kasa bear

Da yara tsaye Sable, wanda aka powered by voles, fari Partridge, kananan passerines, Rowan Berry, blueberry da siksa, Dwarf Pine kwayoyi. Sables yayin da rage adadin abincin da za a fara a da jin matsananciyar yunwa da kuma yawon a kokarinsa. Wani lokaci yana jũya a cikin wata babbar hijira zuwa yankin. A search abinci dabbobi suna haka tsautsayi a 'yan shekarun da cewa tafi a cikin kauyuka, da rasa da tsoron maza, kuma a cikin shara neman abinci. Kronotsky Muciya Reserve - ƙasa a kan abin da launin ruwan kasa bear baza. Shi ne daban-daban daga sauran iri manya-manyan size.

wasu dabbobi

Olive thrush zaune a cikin krupnostvolnyh kwaruruka gandun daji na Kamchatka Larabawa. Kronotsky ajiye kawaici ma zomo, inhabiting da kogin kwari. Su gida a larch grosbeak kuma tit. Akwai kuma masu girma dabbare woodpecker da shrike-Shrike. Wannan shi ne kawai wuri a cikin ajiye, inda rayuwar da gina jiki.

kifi

Kusan bezrybny bayyana waɗansu kõguna na yankin kafin m kifi gudu. Wannan tafi - mai kyau gani, saboda wata babbar lamba na kifi, yũlã bayyananniya a cikin rana, iyo a cikin cikakken bayyana ruwa. Yana janyo hankalin tsuntsaye kamar goldeneye, harlequin duck, babban kuma dogon-nosed mergansers, scaup.

Gopher da marmot

Bering gopher kai high lambobi a gindin volcanic Cones. Kamchatka marmots rayuwa a cikin lawa gudana.

Shiga Koryak ajiye

Mafi kwanan nan, a watan Afrilu 2015, a haɗe zuwa Koryak Reserve Kronotsky. Saboda haka, karshen kumbura da iyakoki. Located in Koryak Reserve Olyutorskii Penzhina da kuma gundumomi na yankin. Yana da aka halitta a 1995 don kare nesting sites, jirgin da kuma waterfowl duk kunsa hadaddun, located a Arewa Kamchatka. Rivers ne manyan spawning filaye don kifi. An ajiye su a cikin ƙasa da ajiye shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma daga alƙarya a Rasha peregrine shaho, da kariya na wanda yana da za'ayi a kan wani matakin kasa da kasa.