Kolka gleiser, Karmadon kwazazzabo, Jamhuriyar Arewa Ossetia. Description of gleiser. Masifa a 2002

Beautiful yanayi, majestic duwãtsu, turquoise kogin, tsabta iska da kuma m mutane - duk da wannan ne Arewa Caucasus. Dubban yawon bude ido daga ko'ina a duniya zo wadannan wurare don sha'awan da m yanayi. Da zarar daya daga cikin hotunan wuraren da suka Karmadon Gorge (Jamhuriyar Arewa Ossetia). An sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin Genaldon. The title na biyu, shi ne mai suna bayan da kogin Genaldon, wanda gudana a nan. Duk abin canza bayan da mummunan bala'i da ya faru a 2002.

kanyon

Karmadon Gorge, photos na wanda goma sha uku shekaru da suka wuce bayyana a cikin wasu inuwõyi na da yawa duniya lakabi, da yawa ya zama sananne bayan zuriya daga cikin gleiser. Yana da wani ɓangare na Greater Caucasus. Yana yana da jeri biyu na majestic ruwan kasa cliffs. A baya can, tsakanin su mun kasance m cottages, sansanin shafukan da aka located, annashuwa mutane. Yanzu akwai baki, kamar nawa juji, spongy taro. Ya sauka da shi gleiser, ba zato ba tsammani binne ɗari da talatin da hudu mutum.

A m kyau na kwazazzabo a cikin rana guda a cikin watan Satumba 2002 da aka halaka su da wata halitta bala'i.

Kolka gleiser

Cirque - kwarin gleiser, wanda aka located in na sama kai na cikin kogin Genaldon (Pool Terek River). Shi ne wani ɓangare na Caucasus dutsen tsarin a gefen arewa na Kazbek-Dzhimarayskogo tsararru ne ake kira Colca.

Gleiser Girma su ne kyawawan m: tsawon - 8.4 km, wani yanki na 7.2 murabba'in kilomita. Its asalin, sai ya rika a kan dũtse saman (tsawo 4780 m), gleiser aka located a tsawon 1980 mita. A tsawo daga cikin snow iyaka (da firn line) - 3000 mita.

Kolka gleiser nasa ne da ake kira pulsating irin. Suna halin da wani aiki, kuma wani lokacin m, a wasu lokuta na jiki gaba. Irin wannan kankara canjawa (Sergi) yawanci tare fadi kankara samuwar tarkace gudana. Sergi sau da yawa da m sakamakon.

Gleiser kafin bala'i

An sani cewa Kolka gleiser dannawa sau uku a karni na ashirin - a 1902, 1969 da kuma 2002. Ko da yake glaciologists, masana sun yi imanin cewa shi ne daban-daban canjawa da kuma kankara a baya karni. Alal misali, "classic" ko "m" Serge Kolka, aka yi bikin a 1834. Amma sai ya ba su kawo babban matsala.

A XX karni, mafi yankunan gabatarwa gleiser da aka rubuta a cikin Yuli 1902. A wannan zuriya aka kashe da talatin da shida mutane, fiye da dubu daga dabbõbin gida. Ya aka binne a karkashin kankara Karmadon shahara mafaka, suka hallakar da yawa gine-gine.

Hallakaswa ci gaba aka tare da kankara-rock mudflow. A babban gudun shi ya kan Genaldon Valley, kimanin kilomita tara bãya. Wannan shekara da aka yi game da saba'in da biyar da miliyan cubic mita kankara da kuma dutse da za a iya kwatanta ta da wani shigen sukari da bangarorin na ɗari huɗu da goma sha biyar mita. Ya hõre ta a cikin kankara narke shekara goma sha biyu, da kuma a shekara ta 1914 kwarin kasa gleiser Miley samu kawar da shi. Gwada yadda girman Kolka gleiser a 1902, lokacin da kudi na kankara-talakawa da tarkace da kwarara kai 150 km / h, shi za a iya bayar da hujjar cewa ci gaba a 1902 ya sosai kama da bala'i a 2002.

A shekara ta 1969, da Kolka gleiser nuna hali fiye da kange - ci gaban da aka shimfiɗa? Kuma ba su kai ga catastrophic sakamakon. Ice motsi ya fara Satumba 28, 1969, da kuma bayan mako daya da Kolka gleiser rinjãya a duk goma sha uku da ɗari mita to kai ƙarshen Maili gleiser harshe. Saboda haka, ta matsakaita gudun ya 10 m / hour. Sa'an nan kuma ya ya ragae - har zuwa 1 m / h, da kuma 10 na Janairu (1970) gleiser tsaya. A kan dukan zamanin da gleiser ya koma hudu kilomita. Ya kika aika saukar da kwarin zuwa da ɗari bakwai da tamanin da mita.

A shekarar 1970, glaciologists an tabbatar da cewa da narkewa daga cikin gleiser motsi kusa zai dauki game da biyu da rabi da suka gabata.

Babu wani abu da boded matsala

Yan unguwa sun ko da yaushe dauke da Kolka gleiser ne musamman m. Wannan babban taro na kankara da cewa sun rataye sama da kwazazzabo, domin qarfafa a mutane da tsoron kashedi game da bala'i, amma glaciologists (masana, kallon glaciers) sun kyawawan kaffa. Bugu da kari, na gida kauyen Upper Karmadon su dogon tarihi ba zai iya tuna wasu tashin hankali cututtuka a kan bangare na karaya makwabcin. Babu wani abu da ya jadada game bala'i.

Tragedy a Karmadon ya da cikakken mamaki domin duka mahalarta - for Sergei Bodrov kungiyar na gida mazauna, da ceto da sabis. Mutane zare jiki tsunduma a mundane harkokin, da kuma matukan jirgin gama harbi S. Bodrov. Suna shirya fara za a safe, amma ga dalilai daban-daban da aka mayar da su da rana. Around 19.00, kamar yadda a cikin duwatsu sosai a farkon a cikin duhu, mutane suka fara tattara. A halin yanzu, a cikin sama kai na gefen kwarin fara canza, abu don events cewa babu wanda zai iya yi mafarkin a mafarki mai ban tsoro.

Masifa a 2002

Mutane sau da yawa manta baya. Last catastrophic saukarsa Kolka gleiser ya faru a shekara ɗari da suka wuce. Babu shakka, da shaidu daga waɗanda events ba wanzu, da kuma Jamhuriyar Arewa Ossetia aka adana a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar kawai ya zarce daga uba zuwa ga ɗa cikin labarun da dattawa. Duk da haka, akwai 'yan kwatancin daga cikin sakamakon 1902 hatsari shekara. Suka aikata Rasha masana kimiyya suka ziyarci Karmadon kwarin kawai bayan rushewar gleiser.

A tsawon lokaci, da tsoro na bala'i fara Fade daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da kuma a kan kango na wani gleiser kauyuka da mutane sun fara gina sababbi.

A ashirin hours (Satumba 20) a kan gadon da gleiser tafi Genaldon a Karmadon gefen kwarin. Its tsawon aka biyar kilomita, kauri - daga 10 zuwa mita 100 da nisa fiye da mita 200. A girma daga kankara taro - miliyan 21 cubic mita.

A lokacin da motsi na kankara kafa sel goma sha kilomita tsawo, yayin da ta nisa ne game da mitoci 50, da kuma kauri - mita 10, juz'i - miliyan goma sha biyu cubic mita. Ya kammala komawa zuwa bakwai kilomita kudu na kauye na Giselle.

A sakamakon na bala'i

A taro na Kolka gleiser halakar da kauyen na Upper Karmadon kuma kowa da kowa wanda shi ne a wancan lokaci a gefen kwarin. An hallaka zama uku-labarin ginin sanatorium "Karmadon" ƙwarai hutu na Ma'aikatar Shari'a da kuma Ossetian University, fiye da daya da rabi kilomita daga ikon Lines, rijiyoyi, ruwa ci ruwa mai guba da magani shuka.

A kauyen Karmadon karkashin kankara juya goma sha biyar gidaje. A taro na Kolka gleiser tsokani karfi da ambaliyar ruwa a kogin Gizeldon.

mutum jikkata

A mafi tsanani saboda abin da na kankara ne acewa mutuwar. A gefen kwarin yana da wani rukuni na S. Bodrov, harba a wadannan kyawawan wurare na film "Manzon" a lokacin da bala'i. Interdepartmental Hukumar ƙarasa da cewa bayan irin wannan taro ba zai iya tsira a nan da wani. Duk da haka, na dogon lokaci na yaba da bege cewa wani za a iya ceto. Rikice zumunta dauki wani aiki sashi a cikin ceto aiki, ko da yake masana sun natsu da cewa ceto ne riga wasu.

ceto ayyukan

Long da azãba mai shekara da rabi sun bincike da kuma aikin ceto a gefen kwarin. Takaici,, ceto kokari, masana kimiyya, masu sa kai sun kasance m. A karkashin nauyi na kankara samu kawai goma sha bakwai gawawwaki. A karkashin ɗari da-mita taro na kankara ba zai sami wani matattu, da yawa kasa da rai. Shekara tare da masu sana'a ma'aikatan ceto da kuma su sa kai mataimakansa da kuma zumunta na wadanda ya rayu. Ga su, na karshe bege zauna wurin zubar da kankara rami a cikinsa, a cewar wasu versions, iya boye mutane.

rami

Masana sun yi iƙirarin cewa, ra'ayin wani rami tare da wani nan gaba, babu wani wanda zai iya tsira. Duk da haka, ba wanda zai iya ƙaryatãwa game da wadanda 'yan'uwansa, wanda ya nace cewa rami ya fadi na sukar rijiyoyin. A karkashin wata babbar Layer na kankara ma'aikatan ceto lokaci mai tsawo ba zai iya samun wani tsohon rami. Goma sha tara rijiyoyin da aka fadi na sukar. Ashirin ƙoƙari ya yi nasara. A rami a 69 mita saukar rami iri iri. Kamar yadda sa ran, shi ne komai. Bayan da yawa zumunta wanda har kwanan nan ya yi ĩmãni da mu'ujizai, da suka yarda da mutuwar 'yan uwa.

A lokacin da search aiki da aka gano goma sha bakwai a jikinsu. Daya ɗari da goma sha bakwai mutane har yanzu bata. The search aka dakatar May 7, 2004.

A dalilan ga acewa gleiser

Menene dalilin da acewa gleiser a 2002? Akwai da dama iri na bala'i. Amma mafi malamai sun karkata zuwa imani da cewa babban dalilin shi ne gas watsi daga aman wuta Kazbek (barcinmu).

Wannan ya tabbatar a shekarar 2007 a wani taron kasa da kasa, wanda aka gudanar a North Ossetia. Ta geologists taƙaice da bincike cewa ya dade biyar. Sanadin da hadarin da aka mai suna Karmadon gefen kwarin.

Masana kimiyya sun gane cewa a yau shi ne mafi girma a duniya cikin sharuddan abu motsi gleiser bala'i. Massa zo saukar da kankara, rawa, ruwa ya wuce goma sha bakwai kilomita fadin kwarin da kuma kafa wata babbar dam, da tsawon wadda ya wuce hudu kilomita.

Wani rare version, wannan bala'i zai iya lalacewa ta hanyar yawa landslides na kankara da kuma kankara a raya wani bangare na cikin gleiser.

kwazazzabo yau

Munin hoto ne Karmadon Gorge yau: dogon tare da kwace "fata" black Tunnels, yanke kamar reza, riverbanks da ƙasa duwãtsu.

Vladikavkaz kuma, ba shakka, a kan site na bala'i, suna Monuments da sunayen duk wadanda suka mutu da kuma ya bace a ranar da cewa nan a ranar a cikin watan Satumba 2002.

A karshen watan Oktoba 2002, ƙofar kwazazzabo Karmadon da aka kafa a ƙwaƙwalwar na dukkan wadanda tunawa farantin.

A shekara daga baya (2003) a commemorative tunawa da aka bude. Shi ne mai adadi na wani saurayi, daskarewa a wani gungu na kankara. A Kabarin da aka gina a kan tudu, a kusa da kauyen na Giselle. An nan kai gleiser.

A shekara ta 2004, a inda akwai wani sansanin sa kai masu binciken a Karmadon shigar memory "baqin ciki Uwar", halitta a kan son rai da gudummawa. Wannan Ashirin da biyar-dutse, ya kawo ta a gleiser, da kuma kusa da nan - da adadi na wani baqin ciki mace, jiran danta.

Yan'uwa sani ba nawa za su narke a cikin Kolka gleiser, amma jiran shi ya faru, kuma za su iya samun ragowar 'yan uwa. Matsalar ta'allaka ne da cewa a kowace shekara da narkewa slows saukar - kara laka ɓawon burodi a kan surface, wanda slows saukar da tsari.

Kolka gleiser kafin da kuma bayan da bala'i

Da zarar Karmadon kwazazzabo hotuna wanda ka iya gani a wannan labarin, shi ne mai kyau makõma yankin. Yana da aka musamman kyau ta sama ya kai. Very kusa da gleiser za a iya gani "Glade Shelestenko" tare da wani gidan-tsari. A dan kadan ƙananan Miley gleiser located Verhnekarmadonskie thermal marẽmari. Ta bautar da ta view na wakiltar a cikin harshen Miley, icefall, da Kazbek tudu.

Colca gleiser kafin da kuma bayan da bala'i mai tsanani da hadari. A cikin 'yan shekaru, ya sake gina up talakawa na kankara. A cewar masana kimiyya, na gaba taro za a iya sa ran a game da shekara goma sha biyar. Saboda haka, ya aka yanzu mayar da hankali hankalin masu bincike.

A cikin 'yan shekaru, shi ya lura da cewa Kolka gleiser ne dab hanzari. Yanzu masana sun rubuta ambaliyar ruwa a Koban Gorge - cewa shi "ya ginu ne" binne a 2002 Karmadon Gorge. A jikin gleiser kafa lake, da ruwa daga waxanda suke da hadarin gaske ga kauyen Saniba. Ruwa babban mai barazana ga dama manyan filayen kwari kauyuka, abin da suke a layi tare da Gizeldon River.

Masana sun yi hasashen cewa da narkewa daga cikin gleiser Kolka iya jawo a kan shekaru da dama. Yana da muni cewa a lokacin duk wadannan shekaru, ya zama sosai a kawo hadari ga mutanen da suke zaune a nan.

Masana kimiyya da dama imani da cewa Karmadon dutsen kwarin da kuma kwarin da za a ayyana wani hatsari ƙasa a cikin marigayi sittin karni na karshe, bayan da ci gaba na Kolka gleiser. Amma, abin takaici, mutane suka fara manta game da su ma da sauri.

bincike ya ci gaba da

Masana kimiyya suna har yanzu nazarin Kolka gleiser. Mafi kwanan nan, da kwazazzabo zo Karmadon manyan glaciologist kasar mu Nikolay Osokin. Ya shafe wata babbar aikin bincike game da shafin na gleiser lõkacin saukarsa. Kuma gaba bazara a wadannan wurare tafi wani wakilin balaguro masana kimiyya. Ina so in yi imani da cewa su aiki za su taimaka wajen hana mummunan sakamakon da wani gleiser lõkacin saukarsa. Kuma cewa an taba faruwa su faru, bãbu shakka a cikinsa.