Kazakhstan: tattalin arziki. Ma'aikatar National Tattalin Arziki na Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan

A cikin zuciya na Asiya ne mafi girma a jihar kira Kazakhstan. A tattalin arzikin wannan kasa ne halin da agro-masana'antu tsarin da iko kansu na karafa masana'antu. By yawan m, shi ne mafi girma a yankin tsakiyar Asiya yankin.

Modern kasuwar tattalin arzikin da Kazakhstan - abin da yake da shi? Kuma abin da su ne masu yiwuwa domin nan gaba? Bari mu yi kokarin gane shi.

Kazakhstan: da tattalin arzikin na jamhuriyar (general bayyani)

Kazakhstan - da agrarian-masana'antu kasar. A cikin sharuddan GDP da capita (11 000 daloli) yana daukan 54 th wuri a cikin duniya martaba. A ci gaba da Kazakhstan ta tattalin arziki shi ne yafi saboda hakar ma'adinai, da cewa shi ne halayyar ga kasar ta raw kayan fuskantarwa da masana'antu.

The hukuma kudin da Kazakhstan - tenge (Nuwamba 1993). Sunan zo daga Turkic "dengue" - kamar yadda a tsakiyar zamanai aka kira da kananan size na Turkish azurfa da tsabar kudi. Af, wannan sunan, da kuma motsa a cikin Rasha harshen - a cikin irin sanannun a duk faɗin kalmar "kudi."

Babban rassan Kazakhstan masana'antu ne karafa, metallurgy (da baki, da kuma launi), tractors, da kuma samar da tsarin da kayayyakin.

Rasha, China, Amurka, Jamus - Waɗannan su ne babban cinikayya abokan na Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan. A tattalin arzikin wannan kasa da aka mayar da hankali a kan samar da fitarwa na ma'adanai. A cikin wadannan kasashe zo yafi daga Kazakhstan ci, mai ladabi da jan karfe, ferroalloys, man fetur da kuma iskar gas.

Duk da wannan, a cikin masana'antu samar da shi ma'aikata ba fiye da 16% na jimlar yawan. Wani 24% aikin noma da kuma da gandunan daji, da kuma mafi yawan mutane a Kazakhstan (kashi 60 cikin dari) da hannu a cikin abin da ake kira "manyan" ga tattalin arziki (Service, kuma Information).

Masana'antu da kuma Energy

A kasar ne sosai raya metallurgy, duka baki da kuma launi. A kasa tattalin arzikin da Kazakhstan ne sosai a dogara a kan barga aiki na metallurgical Enterprises. A hannun jari tama kasa shi ne a saman goma.

Daban-daban iri birgima samar a shuka "Arcelor Mittal Temirtau" a Karaganda. A baya can, da shuka shi ne flagship na cikakken sake zagayowar na Soviet karfe masana'antu. Kazakhstan ne ma duniya wajen yawan mai ladabi da tagulla.

Very ci gaba a cikin kasar da kuma cikin na'ura-gina hadaddun. Kazakhstan samar high quality labaru inji, inji, batura, kazalika da X-ray kayan aiki. Babban injiniya cibiyoyin - shi ne birnin Aktobe, Shymkent da Astana.

Energy masana'antu na kasar samar da 40 ikon shuke-shuke (daga wanda 37 ne hydroelectric iko shuka da kuma 3). All thermal ikon shuke-shuke gudu a kan ainihin mined kwal.

noma

Babu kasa muhimmanci ga tattalin arzikin na Kazakhstan shi ne da kuma aikin noma.

The shugaban a cikin wannan fannin na hatsi samar, wato - girma spring alkama. Game 15-20 ton miliyan hatsi a shekara samar Kazakhstan. Har ila yau gagarumin yanki na ƙasar (arable ƙasar) ya ɗauki masara da hatsi. A kasar na da sosai raya kiwo na tumaki, da dawaki, da raƙuma.

waje cinikayya

A Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan da aka daura wa fitarwa na irin albarkatun da kuma kayayyakin, kamar man fetur, man fetur kayayyakin, da Karafa, wadanda ba ferrous karafa da hatsi. A daidai wannan lokaci, kasar ne rayayye shigo da motoci, daban-daban kayan aikin da kayan aiki, abinci. Babban labarin a cikin fitarwa tsarin da jihar nasa ne da kayayyakin da masana'antun man fetur (game da 38%).

A waje cinikayya, game da 60% na biyu fitarwa da kuma shigowa da lissafta ga CIS da Baltic Amirka. Ya kamata a lura da cewa babban abokiyar cinikayyar ne Rasha. Kazakhstan ne ma rayayye tasowa da kuma kula da cinikayya tare da kasar Sin, Jamus, Ukraine, Turkey, da Czech Republic, USA, Belarus, Koriya ta Kudu da sauran kasashe.

Tattalin arzikin yankuna na kasar

A Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan yanaye kasu kashi biyar tattalin arziki yankuna, kowanne daga abin na da specialization. Yana kamar:

1. Arewa.
2. Ta Kudu.
3. Tsakiya.
4. West.
5. Gabas.

A daidai wannan lokaci da West tattalin arzikin yankin ya ƙware a man fetur da kuma iskar gas samar, Gabas da tsakiya - a kan aikin injiniya, ferrous da nonferrous metallurgy, Arewa - kwal karafa, da Karafa, wutar lantarki da kuma kayan gini.

A kudancin tattalin arziki yankin na ci gaba da aikin noma, kamun kifi da kuma gandunan daji. Ga rayayye girma shinkafa, alkama, auduga, da kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itatuwa da inabi. ci gaba na tumaki kiwo da kuma doki kiwo. A cikin hamadar kudancin Kazakhstan ma bred da raƙuma.

Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki na Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan

All matakai a cikin tattalin arzikin da ake sarrafawa da kuma hadewa da gwamnatin. More musamman, wannan aiki da dama a kan kafadu na daya daga cikin jami'an. Wannan shi ne - ma'aikatar National Tattalin Arziki na Jamhuriyar Kazakhstan. Duk da haka, ya zuwa yau, wannan jiki yana da wani mabanbanta sunan: "Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da kuma Budget Planning." Sunan, wanda ya wanzu kafin, da aka hukuma da soke a watan Agusta 2014.

A ma'aikatar, wanda yana gangarawa zuwa Erbolat Dosayev, kula da cigaban duk yankunan tattalin arziki siyasa. Babban manufar wannan jikin - kafa wani tasiri management system cewa za su iya aiwatar da ayyuka kafa ta jihar. Ma'aikatar kuma iko da ci gaban da ciniki aiwatar da kasar Sin tare da kasashen waje abokan.

Tattalin arzikin na Kazakhstan: Al'amurra domin nan gaba

A ci gaba da Kazakhstan ta tattalin arziki a nan gaba hadarin suna fuskantar munanan matsaloli. A sabili da rikicin, kamar yadda kuma zai iya ze, iya zama events cewa faruwa yanzu daga jihar iyaka da Jamhuriyar, wato - da rikici a Ukraine.

Kwararru da yawa hango ko hasashen cewa yaki a cikin Donbass da Crimea halin da ake ciki zai shafi tattalin arziki na Kazakhstan - a kasar da cewa yana kusa da dangantaka da Rasha. A takunkumin tattalin arziki hõre ta da West a kan Rasha Federation, ko ta wani hanya shafi da kuma Kazakhstan. Duk da haka, tare da wasu inertial da bata lokaci ba.

kasa tattalin arzikin Masana sun yi hasashen cewa na farko da sakamakon wadannan matakai a kan Kazakhstan ji da kanta a tsakiyar shekarar 2015. Saboda haka, za a rage muhimmanci kudaden shiga ga jihar kasafin kudin, wanda zai lalle shafi jindadin daga cikin mutane na Kazakhstan. Don jimre da matsalolin da rikicin kasar iya taimaka da Accession a kungiyar WTO. Wannan, a cewar masana, zai taimaka wajen runtse farashin ga wasu samfurin kungiyoyin.

maimakon a ƙarshe

A mafi yawan iko - masana'antu m - a kasar a tsakiyar nahiyar Asiya ne Kazakhstan. A tattalin arzikin wannan jiha dogara ne yafi a kan hakar da primary aiki na ma'adanai. Kuma wannan al'amari ne da wuya wata tabbatacce ga dogon lokacin da ci gaban kasar.

Tattalin arziki, cinikayya da kuma tsarin harkokin kudi na jihar a karkashin jagorancin ma'aikatar kula da tattalin arzikin na Kazakhstan. Daya daga cikin manufofin wannan gwamnati, musamman, shi ne wani dabarun shiryawa da kuma ci gaban da tsarin na kasa tattalin arzikin na jamhuriyar a matsayin dukan.