Karyotypes - shi .... Ina gwada wa karyotype?

Mutane da yawa dame sunayen da ba su fahimci bambanci tsakanin chromosomal gene syndromes da cututtuka. Wadannan sharuddan ne daban-daban pathologies. A wannan labarin, za ka koyi abin da wani karyotype, abin da yake da siffa na chromosomal cuta.

Menene Kalmar "karyotype"?

Karyotype - a hade da wasu chromosomes. Cytogenetic nazarin cikin sharuddan da yawa da kuma tsarin da za'ayi a kowane zamani, da zarar rayuwarsu. Abin da za a iya ƙaddara daga chromosome a cikin nazarin:

1. Shape da size.
2. kafada tsawon.
3. A gaban ƙarin constrictions.
4. Location telomeres.

iri karyotypes

A duk jinsunan halittu masu rai, ciki har da mutane, yana da daban-daban karyotypes. Yana mai hade da duk halaye na chromosomes, da abun da ke ciki na wanda ya samar da al'ada aiki na kowane musamman mutum mai rai duniya. Karyotype ne:

1. A jinsin cewa shi ne halayyar kawai ga jinsin.
2. Mutane daya-daya - hankula mutane.

Al'ada mutum karyotype

Cututtuka tare da pathological canje-canje, da ake kira chromosomal. Auren da aka yi nazarin su halaye da kuma tsarin. A al'ada adam chromosomes (karyotype) kunshi 46 guda. A wannan tsarin akwai iri biyu. Sex chromosomes suna kunshe ne a wani adadin na 2 guda. Sauran 22 nau'i-nau'i - asexual, aka kira su "autosomes."

A mata, jima'i chromosomes aka nuna a biyu daga XX (biyu manyan chromosomes) da kuma maza - XY (daya da manyan daya kananan). A wannan hasashe, al'ada karyotype a kyakkyawan rabin Adam yana 46XX dabara, da kuma maza - 46XY. Duk wani sabawa daga wadannan dabarbari sa daban-daban malformations, malformations, ashara, rashin haihuwa, da kuma sauransu.

karyotype

Karyotype analysis auku a mataki na cell division, a lokacin da su girma canza. A wannan lokacin, suna samuwa ga fitarwa. Nazari kan karyotypes yi da wani tsari na musamman batawa da kuma m nazarin chromosomes a cikin haske hange. Wannan hanya yale mu mu ganin size da kuma siffar, da tsarin da jikinsu, kazalika da farko ko na biyu constrictions da inhomogeneity na shafukan. kasa da kasa nadi tsarin da aka tsara don gani bayyana chromosome canje-canje. Na farko, saka da lamba (lambobin) sa'an nan bikin cika irin - jima'i ko autosomes, da kuma na gaba post - shi siffofi (mafi yawa kafada tsawon).

All images ake photographed a karkashin wani microscope domin yi da canje-canje, da kuma totality daga cikin ma'aikatan ƙarshe sanya up cikakken hoto. Yana da muhimmanci da za a gwada wa karyotypes, shi zai taimaka wajen gano da daban-daban Pathology a farkon matakai na haihuwa da kuma ci gaban da tayi. Bayan duk, shi rinjayar da haihuwa lafiya cikin zuriyata.

The iri gwaje-gwaje domin karyotype

Akwai 2 iri na nazarin a kan karyotype:

1. Tabbatar da dalilin da karyotype a leukocytes. Wannan binciken da aka gudanar da su manya domin gano ko ban da chromosomal munanan. Bayan duk, idan an tabbatar da, da shi za su iya bayyana a nan gaba na kwayoyin cuta. Domin wannan bincike, da mãsu haƙuri dole wuce da jini a kan karyotype.
2. Prenatal binciken. Wannan bincike da aka yi a utero su gane chromosomal munanan a tayin. Yana da muhimmanci ga iyaye su yi bincike, duba karyotype. Farashi da shi, ko tsoro, amma muna bukatar mu tara kudi da kuma yin bincike. Lokacin da wasu daga cikin sakamakon bincike da aka nuna a cikin ƙarshe na ciki, kamar yadda fetal Pathology iya zama m tare da rai ko a nan gaba za su kawo nauyi, irreparable sakamakon.

Wa ya kamata a gwada wa karyotype?

A ƙasashe da dama, karyotype ne kafin su yi aure. Kuma da gaskiya da haka, domin kowane mutum zai iya canza tsarin da chromosomes, wanda ba ya shafar lafiyar jikinsa. Amma wannan zai iya kawai faruwa a lõkacin da shirin daukar ciki.

Kamar yadda shi ne yanayin da bayarwa na sauran gwaje-gwaje, akwai dangi da kuma cikakken alamomi ga definition. Na farko da kungiyar hada da:

1. A gaban wani kwayoyin cuta a cikin daya daga cikin maza.
2. Constant ashara.
3. Samun baby tare da kwayoyin cutar.
4. Age na expectant uwa ko shiryawa ciki mata a kan shekaru 35.
5. Gurbin kan jikin daban-daban pathogenic dalilai kamar radiation, sunadarai, da dai sauransu
6. Take hakkin jima'i ci gaba.

Dangi alamomi domin ceto a karyotypes - wannan tilas disposition. Nazarin a irin haka shi ne kyawawa auku.

Me za ka sami a lokacin da bincike a kan karyotype?

Wucewa wannan binciken, za mu iya koya da yawa game da su kayyade kiwon lafiya. A farko, kuma mafi kyau ga dukkan - shi ne imani da cewa wani mutum ne da lafiya. Duk wani canji a karyotype ce sabawa daga na kullum. Wannan irin bincike zai taimaka wajen gano:

1. A Sanadin daban-daban cuta a cikin 'ya'yanku, kamar raya ci gaban da bata lokaci ba, ilimi nakasa, wanda bai kai ba cessation na ci gaba da sauransu.
2. Don gano da kasada na haihuwar zuriya da kwayoyin cututtuka.

Bugu da kari, wannan bincike ya yale mu mu gane da dama chromosomal cututtuka. Akwai ake furta da dabara, cewa shi ne karyotypes syndromes kamar:

1. Down ta ciwo. Cutar ya kafa a ciki da uwarsa 47 chromosomes. A 21 ma'aurata samu wani ƙarin naúrar, wanda shi ne alhakin da cutar.
2. Polysomes a X-chromosome.
3. Patau ciwo.
4. Daban-daban lahani.
5. Cat kira ciwo da sauransu.

Karyotype da munanan samu a game da 1% na dukkan jarirai. Wadannan cuta kai ga shafi tunanin mutum da retardation, daban-daban pathologies, kuma ko da mutuwa. Lokuta da munanan qara da masu juna biyu da haihuwa. Wannan kudi ya yi musababin hadarin tasowa baby yana da Down ciwo. A ciki yana da shekaru 35 da hadarin shi ne 1: 1000 zuwa 40 -1: 200 da kuma bayan 45 - 1:19.

A ina zan iya yin wani bincike a kan karyotype?

Duk da cewa wannan binciken da yawa da aka sani da quite na kowa, wasu suna mamaki inda ya wuce karyotype da kuma inda dauki wannan bincike? Wannan hanya ne mai lokaci-cinyewa kuma haka tsada, don haka ne ba da za'ayi a cikin gundumar kananan dakunan shan magani. Amma a kowane babban birni akwai wani ma'aikata, wanda za karyotype analysis, ku kawai samun game da daga likita. Wadannan kungiyoyi sun hada da:

1. tsarin iyali cibiyoyin.
2. Medical halittar jini cibiyoyin.
3. Modern dakunan gwaje-gwaje gudanar da daban-daban da karatu.
4. haihuwa da kuma yaranta cibiyoyin.
5. Private kananan dakunan shan magani.

Don hana m ciki sakamakon da kuma gano musabbabin rashin haihuwa bukatar ci gaba da binciken chromosome kafa na biyu maza. Modern ganewa karyotype disturbances yale mu mu nema hanyoyin da za su iya taimaka maka da lafiya baby.

Daya daga cikin manyan Sanadin canje-canje a cikin karyotype ne "ba daidai ba" spermatogenesis. Wasu maniyyi da disrupted tsarin da hannu a cikin hadi da kwai. Sun iya sa haihuwar da tayi da mahaukaci karyotype. Bugu da kari ya bayyanar cuta ta shafi matalauta muhalli yanayi, wanda tsokani maye gurbi na chromosomes. Kuma suka, bi da bi, da mummunan tasiri a kan canji a mutum karyotype. Wadannan maye gurbi suna gaji, saboda haka ba hadarin da kiwon lafiya na su ba a haifa ba, kuma disparagingly nufin da bincike na wannan irin.