Mari Jamhuriyar: description, da birnin, da wuri, da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Mari Jamhuriyar (Mari El) - daya daga cikin Rasha Federation, wanda su sami jiharsu. Wannan samuwar, located in Turai na Rasha, da cin gashin hakkin tun Soviet sau. Wannan yankin ne quite na musamman da yake ban sha'awa domin gudanar da bincike a fannoni daban daban. Bari ta samun su san abin da ya ƙunshi na Mari Jamhuriyar kuma ta mutane.

Gwargwadon wuri

A Jamhuriyar Mari El aka located a gabashin Turai na da Rasha Federation. A arewa da yammacin batu na tarayya a kan iyakar da Nizhny Novgorod yankin a cikin arewa da kuma gabas - tare da Kirov yankin, a kudu-maso-gabas - tare da Jamhuriyar Tatarstan, kuma a kudu - Chuvashia.

Mari Jamhuriyar aka located in a temperate yanayin zone da temperate nahiyar sauyin yanayi irin.

A fannin wannan batu na tarayya ne 23,4 dubu sq. M. km, wanda yake shi ne 72-m index cikin dukan yankuna na kasar.

A babban birnin kasar na Mari Jamhuriyar - Yoshkar-Ola

Brief Historical Fage

Yanzu kadan dubi cikin tarihin Jamhuriyar Mari El.

Tun zamanin da, wannan ƙasa da aka sanaki Finno-Ugric kabilu, wanda, a gaskiya, suna da titular al'umma na jamhuriyar. A zamanin d tarihin aka kira Cheremisses, ko da yake kansu kira Mari.

Bayan samuwar na Golden taro kabilan Mari shiga abun da ke ciki, da kuma bayan rushewar jihar a kan wani ɓangare na karfe aikin gandu na Kazan Khanate. Saboda hadewar Kazan Ivanom Groznym a 1552 Ƙasar ta zama wani ɓangare na Rasha Mari mulkin. Ko da yake kasashen yammacin turai Cheremisses dauki Rasha dan kasa ko da a baya, da kuma aka yi masa baftisma. Bayan da cewa, labarin Mari ne inextricably nasaba da al'adar Rasha.

Amma wasu Mari kabilu bai so haka kawai dauki Rasha dan kasa. Saboda haka, lokaci tun 1552 a 1585 aka alama ta wani yawan Cheremis wars suke nufin ya tilasta Mari kabilan dauki Rasha dan kasa. Ƙarshe Mari aka yawaita, kuma su 'yancin ne mai tsanani da iyaka. Amma bayan shekaru, sun kasance rayayye shiga a cikin daban-daban tawayen, misali, Pugachev tawaye a 1775.

A halin yanzu, Mari ta fara dauko Rasha al'adu. Suna amfani da} da kansa rubutun bisa QFontDatabase haruffa, da kuma bayan bude na Kazan seminary, wasu wakilan da mutane sun iya samun mai kyau ilimi.

Bayan da Bolsheviks zo iko Mari cin gashin kanta Oblast aka halitta a 1920. A 1936, da Mari cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar aka kafa a ranar ta da asali (MASSR). A faɗuwar rana na Tarayyar Soviet, a shekarar 1990, an sake tsarafa su a cikin Mari Jamhuriyar.

Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet da kuma samuwar na Rasha Federation, daya daga cikin batutuwa na jihar ya zama Mari Jamhuriyar, ko kamar yadda shi ne ake kira a wata hanya, da Jamhuriyar Mari El. Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya tanadi cewa jama'a ilimi ãdalci amfani da wadannan abubuwa.

yawan jama'a na kasar

A jama'ar na Mari Jamhuriyar halin yanzu tsaye a 685,9 dubu. Mutane. Shi ne kawai 66-th sakamakon tsakanin dukkan batutuwa Rasha Hukumar.

The yawan yawa a kasar ne 29.3 persons / sq. M. km. Don kwatanta: a irin wannan Nizhegorodskaya yankin index ne 42,6 persons / sq. M. km, Chuvashia - 67,4 persons / sq. km. km, kuma a cikin Kirov yankin - 10.8 mazaunan / sq. km. km.

Duk da cewa 'yan asalin da kuma bijiro da batun kafa mutanen Mari El ne Mari, a lokacin da suka - ba da mafi yawa kabila daga cikin kasar. A mafi tsakanin wannan Rasha yankin ta yawan. Su dokoki 45.1% na jimlar yawan Tarayya. Mari ne kawai 41,8% ne a cikin ƙasa. A karshe ƙidaya, a cikin abin da Mari numerically rinjãya a kan Rasha, aka sanya a cikin 1939.

Daga cikin sauran kabilun ne mafi yawa Tatars. Da lambar da nawa zuwa 5.5% na jimlar yawan mazauna a Mari-El. Bugu da kari, a cikin ƙasar rayuwa Chuvash, Ukrainian, Udmurt, Belarushiyanci, Mordvins, Armenia, Azerbaijanis, da kuma Jamus, amma da lambar shi ne da yawa fiye da karami da cewa na uku aforementioned al'ummai.

Rarraba addinai

A Mari El da aka yada a fairly manyan yawan addinai daban daban. A wannan yanayin, 48% gano kansu kamar yadda Orthodox Kiristoci, 6% ne Musulmi kuma 6% - magoya bayan na tsohon maguzancin addini na Mari. Duk da haka, game da 6% na yawan - ne wadanda basu yarda.

Bugu da kari zuwa sama ƙungiyõyi, yankin yana da Katolika al'umma kazalika da al'ummomi daban-daban na Protestant ƙungiyõyi.

administrative division

A Jamhuriyar Mari El, kunshi goma sha huɗu gundumomi da kuma birane uku na yankin mika wuya (Yoshkar-Ola, Volzhsk da Kozmodemyansk).

A mafi lugar yankunan da Jamhuriyar Mari: Medvedevsky (67.1 dubu INH ..), Venigovsky (42.5 dubu INH ..), Soviet (29.6 dubu INH ..), Morkinsky (29.0 dubu INH ..). Geographically, da most ne Kilemarsky District (3.3 dubu sq. Km.).

Yoshkar-Ola - babban birnin kasar da Mari-El

A babban birnin kasar na Mari Jamhuriyar ne birni na Yoshkar-Ola. An ayi kamar a tsakiyar yankin. A halin yanzu, akwai game da 265,0 dubu. Mazauna a wata yawa na yawan 2640,1 persons / sq. M. km.

Daga cikin kasashe mamaye Rasha, tare da wani ko da more pronounced fiye da a cikin janar a kasar. Adadin su ne 68% na jimlar yawan. Maris biye su da wani takamaiman nauyi na 24%, da kuma Tatar - 4.3%.

A birnin da aka kafa da baya a 1584 kamar yadda a Rasha soja USAID. Tun da aka kafa da har ta 1919 aka kira Tsarevokokshaisk. A shekara ta 1919, bayan da Bolshevik juyin juya halin, aka mai suna Krasnokokshaysk. A 1927 aka yanke shawarar sake sunan da shi zuwa Yoshkar-Ola, wanda aka fassara daga Mari a matsayin "ja birni".

A halin yanzu, Yoshkar-Ola - a gwada manyan yankuna cibiyoyin da raya ababen more rayuwa, tattalin arziki da kuma al'adu.

Sauran jamhuriyoyin birni

Sauran birnin Mari jamhuriyar ne muhimmanci kasa da Yoshkar-Ola. The most of su Volzhsk da yawan jama'a na 54,6 dubu. Mutane, wanda shi ne kusan sau biyar kasa da a cikin babban birnin kasar.

Sauran garuruwa a yankin iya fariya ko da m mutane. Saboda haka, a Kozmodemyansk live 20,5 dubu mutane a Medvedevo - .. 18.1 dubu mutane, Zvenigovo - .. 11.5 dubu mutane, a kauyen Soviet - .. 10.4 dubu mutane ..

Sauran ƙauyuka na jamhuriyar da yawan jama'a na kasa da 10,000 mutane.

Jamhuriyar kayayyakin more rayuwa

A kwatanta da sauran yankuna na Rasha kayayyakin Mari Jamhuriyar, ban da birnin Yoshkar-Ola, ba za a iya kira da kyau-ci gaba.

A kasar, akwai daya filin jirgin sama dake a babban birnin kasar. Bugu da kari, cikin yankin yana 2 bas tashoshin da 51 bas. Railway kai ne wakilta goma sha huɗu tashoshin.

House of Mari jamhuriyar ne sau da yawa gina na itace. Wannan abu da aka yi amfani da daruruwan shekaru kamar yadda wani manufa domin wadannan wurare. Amfana a itace yankin rasa. Amma a lokaci guda, kuma da m gine-gine da ake gina gidaje da kuma na zamani kayan gini.

Tun da farkon Millennium a cikin babban birnin kasar Yoshkar-Ola sanya manyan sikelin-maimaitawa aiki don mayar da al'adu da kuma gine-gine da Monuments na birnin.

A jamhuriyar ta tattalin arzikin

Daga cikin yankunan da masana'antu mafi m metalworking kuma inji aikin injiniya. Akwai kuma kamfanonin da ke aiki a cikin itace, yadi, da abinci masana'antu. Kusan duk samarwa da aka mayar da hankali a birnin Yoshkar-Ola kuma Volzhsk.

A noma, da mafi kusantar da ci gaban dabbobi, yafi dabbõbi da aladu. Furfure ƙware a girma da wadannan albarkatu: hatsi, flax, forage amfanin gona, dankali da sauran kayan lambu.

yawon shakatawa

Babbar m hutu albarkatun ne sanannen Mari Jamhuriyar. Wasanni a cikin yankin, ba shakka, daban-daban daga cikin saba seaside mura, amma shi ne iya kawo wani kasa, kuma watakila ma more fun. Tsabta iska, wanda aka tare da cikakken kariya sasanninta wannan yankin ba zai iya maye gurbin wani abu.

Na musamman bayanin kula ne da lake a cikin Mari Jamhuriyar. A yankin yana da babban yawan su, kuma su ne na babban sha'awa ga masu yawon shakatawa. Abin kula ne musamman Kulikovo lake kusa da birnin Volzhsk.

Ga waɗanda matafiya suka fi son zauna tsari, bude musu kofa hutu cibiyoyin, yara sansanonin da sanatoriums Mari Jamhuriyar.

ban sha'awa facts

Abin lura shi ne cewa, ko da yake titular al'umma na Mari El ne Mari, mafiya yawa daga cikin yankin na mazauna - kabilanci Rasha.

Kafin halittar a 1920 na Mari mai cin gashin kanta a cikin Mari ya ba kansa kawai, kuma ƙasa daga yanzu Jamhuriyar Mari El an rarraba dama larduna.

Waje da Mari Jamhuriyar gida da karuwar Mari, fiye da a ciki shi.

Janar halaye na Mari Jamhuriyar

Ko da yake Mari Jamhuriyar kuma ba za a iya kira wani ci-gaba masana'antu yankin na Rasha, da yankin na da babban m. Its main dũkiya - wuya-aiki mutane. Mafi yawa daga cikin mazaunan yankin - kabilanci Rasha da kuma Mari. Yankin wuya lugar kuma yana daya kawai birni, wanda za a iya kira yanaye mai girma - babban birnin kasar Yoshkar-Ola.

Bugu da kari ga mutum iya aiki, Mari Jamhuriyar aka sani a duk faɗin Rasha da kuma mafi musamman na wasanni albarkatu. Healthy holidays a yankin shi ne iya warkar da babban yawan cututtuka.