Kamfanin Bogdanov-Belsky Nikolai Petrovich: bidiyon, fasali na kerawa, mafi kyau hotuna

NP Bogdanov-Belsky wani dan wasan Rasha ne wanda aka gudanar da ayyukansa a gidajen tarihi mafi shahararrun duniya. Rayuwarsa da aikinsa daidai ne da tarihin Rasha. Har zuwa yau, babu wani bincike mai zurfi game da al'adun nasa. Koda a cikin ƙamus na ƙididdiga "'yan Rasha" wanda aka wallafa a shekarar 2000, ba a ambaci shi game da aikin wannan babban mashahurin ba.

Mawallafi na ƙauyen Rashanci - saboda haka zaku iya fayyace ainihin rubutun hannu, wanda ya saba da NP Bogdanov-Belsky. Ko da yake shi dan wasan kwaikwayon mai nasara ne na kundin koli, mulkin daular da mai mulki ya ba da umurni a kan shi, amma yana da sha'awa sosai game da rayuwar kauyen. Dan farmhand na Smolensk lardin, ko da murtuke zuwa Heights na m fitarwa, ga zurfin rai na a Rasha kauyen da kuma shige shi a kan canvases ya zane-zane.

Yara

An haife shi a ranar 8 ga Disamba (20), 1868. Mahaifiyar likitan malaman gaba ba ta san kome ba, sai dai ta kasance mai aikin gona da jariri. Kunnen murmushi ya zama malamin farko. A karkashin kulawarsa, yaro ya koyi karatu da rubutu. Abun iya cin fenti ya fara nunawa a lokacin da ya fara balaga - ɗan kauye mai shekaru shida ya yi ƙoƙari ya bayyana a cikin takarda a rayuwar shi.

Mataki na gaba na horarwa shine makarantar sakandare na shekara biyu. A nan ne saurayin basira ya ga wanda ya kafa makarantar kasa a Tatevo SA Rachinsky. A karkashin jagorancinsa, akwai makarantu 30 da ƙananan yara ke karatu. Wani malamin ilimi, Farfesa a Jami'ar Moscow, Rachinsky ya yi ƙoƙari mai mahimmanci wajen inganta rayuwar 'yan kasashen waje. A cikin horarwar horon makaranta, shi da kansa ya shiga zane da zane tare da dalibai. Shekaru biyu na horo, wanda NP Bogdanov ke gudanar a wannan makarantar ilimi, ya ƙaddara yawan rayuwarsa.

Hoton farko

Hanyoyin fasaha na ɗalibin ya kasance a fili cewa a shekara ta 1881 SA Rachinsky ta tura shi don ci gaba da karatunsa zuwa masanan 'yan jarida. A lokaci guda ya ƙayyade kulawar kudi ga ɗalibansa - 25 rubles a wata.

Hoton farko, wanda wani ɗan jariri mai shekaru 16 ya shiga cikin zane-zane, shine "Spruce Forest". Bisa ga nazarin VD Polenov da VA Serov, duk abin da yake numfasawa a ciki shi ne sauƙi da kyau na shimfidar wuri na Rasha. Ƙungiyar zane-zane ta fito fili ya kasance mai nasara da kuma kasuwanci. Zane mai sayen Sapozhnikov ya sayi zane. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, saurayi ya fara karatun shekaru biyar a Kolejin Art na Moscow (1884-1889).

Kammala ilimi

Tuni tun yana da shekaru 18, wani yarinya ya fara yin rayuwa ta hanyar aikin fasaha. Ana sayar da hotunansa, kuma wannan kudin ya isa ya ciyar da ci gaba da ilimi. Bugu da ƙari, har yanzu yana karɓar abun ciki daga SA Rachinsky, wanda ya biyo bayan mutuwar ɗan yaron.

Bayan kammala karatunsa daga makarantar fannin fasaha, inda ya yi karatu tare da masanin zane-zane VD Polenov da IM Pryanishnikov, a 1894, N. P. Bogdanov ya ci gaba da ilimi a makarantar a Jami'ar Arts. Malaminsa a wannan lokacin shine IE Repin. Ƙananan fiye da shekara guda horo yana. A 1895, wani yarinya ya yanke shawarar ci gaba da karatunsa a kasashen waje. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa yana aiki da karatu a Faransa, Jamus, Italiya. NP Bogdanov ya kammala karatun digiri daga Jami'ar Harkokin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci a 1903. A lokaci guda kuma, mai zane ya sami kashi na biyu na sunan sa. Shiga takardar diploma na bada kyautarsa a matsayin malamin kimiyya, Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II tare da hannunsa zuwa sunan Bogdanov ya rubuta wata sanarwa - Belsky. A karkashin wannan sunan, Nikolai Petrovich Bogdanov-Belsky, wanda aka sanarda zane-zane na zane-zane, ya kasance a tarihin tarihin Rasha da na duniya. Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Arts ta san shi a matsayin cikakken mamba a shekara ta 46 (1914).

Shigewa

Mai rubutu bai iya yarda da abubuwan juyin juya halin na 1917 ba. Harkokinsa da sababbin hukumomi bai yi aiki ba, kuma a 1921 N. Bogdanov-Belsky ya yi hijira daga Soviet Rasha. Sabuwar zama shi ne Latvia. Bai taba koma Rasha ba. Lokaci Latvia na rayuwar mai wasan kwaikwayo ya kasance shekaru 23.

Yana aiki mai ban sha'awa. Yanayin Latitude tare da tafkuna, gandun dajin da gonaki sunyi farin ciki ga mai zane. A wannan lokacin, ya halicci wurare masu yawa kuma yana cigaba. Amma batun batun yaran ya fito fili a cikin aikin mai zane. Daga karkashin gogaggunsa ya zo da cikakken jerin zane-zane game da yara. Ƙananan haruffa na zane-zane suna da matukar damuwa kuma ana nuna su da ƙauna mai girma. A matsayin babbar kyauta ga kerawa da haske - bayar da kyauta na taurari uku. A duk faɗin duniya, an yi nune-nunen nune-nunensa. Shekaru na tafiye-tafiye sune lokacin karo na biyu na basirar kwarewar dan wasan Rasha.

Ɗaya daga cikin zane kamar madubi na kerawa

Hanyoyin da ke tattare da kerawa na NP Bogdanov-Belsky kusan kusan daukar hotunan hoto a cikin watsa bayanai game da tasirinsa. Misali shi ne bayanin hoton "Virtuoso". Bogdanov-Belsky ya zane a kan zane wani rukuni na 'yan kauyen da suke sauraron wasan kwaikwayon saurayi balalaika. A hankali, tare da zane-zane na zane-zane mai zane ya rubuta taƙaitaccen bayani game da tufafi na ƙauyuka na jaruntakarsa. Kalmomin da suke nunawa yara, fuska da birkish, da yarinyar da ke kunna balalaika - Bogdanov-Belsky ta zanen "Virtuoso" yana cike da cikakkun bayanai wanda ke bayyana cikin cikin ciki na dakarunta. Kuma wannan "matsala" game da canja wurin bayanai za a iya gano a kusan dukkanin ayyukan mai girma masanin.

Ga takaddun shekaru

Abin mamaki shine, har zuwa yanzu babu cikakken labarun hotunan mai ganewa. An fitar da aikinsa ga kasashe daban-daban. Kodayake mafi yawan zane-zanen da aka sani ba sananne kawai ba ne kawai, amma har ma ga masu sauraro. Duk da haka, har yanzu akwai gardama game da lokacin rubuta wannan ko wannan zanen. An yi imanin cewa hoto na da aka ambata a cikin hoto na N. Bogdanov-Belsky "Virtuoso" an rubuta shi ne a cikin 1891. Amma yawancin masu bincike na aikin mai rubutu sunyi imani da cewa an halicce su a cikin wani lokaci na gaba, kusan a 1912-1913. Wannan shine lokaci na kerawa wanda ya faru a ƙauyen Ostrovno, kusa da Lake Udomlya. Daya daga cikin mazaunan ƙauyen, wanda aka haife shi a 1903, - Agafya Nilovna Ivanova - yana daga cikin 'ya'yan da aka nuna a wannan hoton.

Kuma wannan abu ne kawai asiri tsakanin jerin jigon fararen fata wanda ke biye da kowane tarihin mai zane. Masanin wasan kwaikwayo Bogdanov-Belsky, wanda zane-zane da aka sani a duk faɗin duniya, yana jira ne kawai don mai ba da labari.

A bara na rayuwar

A shekara ta 1944, yanayin kiwon lafiya na babban zane-zane ya ci gaba sosai. Saboda haka, dole in je Jamus, inda aka kula da shi a ɗakin dakunan Berlin. Duk da haka, kokarin da likitocin Jamus ba su kawo dawowa ba. Babban mai rubutu NP Bogdanov-Belsky ya shude a lokacin shekaru 77. Mutuwar dan wasan Rasha ya wuce kusan ba a gane shi ba - Jamus ta rasa yakin. Birnin Berlin na shirye-shiryen dakatar da hare hare na Red Army mai zuwa. Wannan ya faru ne ranar Fabrairu 19, 1945. Sashin karshe na gudun hijirarsa shi ne kabari na Rasha a Tegel a kan iyakar kasar Jamus.

Maimakon kalmomin bayanan

Shin wata mace mai ƙwararriya daga lardin Smolensk wanda ke kange kanta daga aikin da ba a iya jurewa ba, ya nuna cewa ɗanta zai sauka a tarihin tarihin duniya mai suna Bogdanov-Belsky? Nicholas, wanda zane-zane na zane-zanen yanzu ya kasance a wurare masu daraja a cikin kasidu na mafi kyaun nune-nunen duniya, har ma ba zai iya tsammani abin da zai faru ba a cikin fasahar da ya sa ran. Abin takaicin shine, basirar babban mai zane na Rasha wanda ba a yarda ya manta ba a cikin mahaifarsa. Amma fuskoki na daruruwan haruffa na zane-zanensa suna ci gaba da zama a zane-zane da kuma shafukan kundin hoto. Kuma kamar alama mai zane-zane yana kallon rayuwarsu ta zamani. Tunaninsa daga baya shine tortuous. Bayan haka, hakikanin gaskiya an halicce mu ta hanyar kokarin, har da magoya bayan tasirinsa.