Jamus jet "Messerschmitt-262": tarihin halitta, zane fasali, photos

High-gudun turbojet jirgin saman soja-interceptor Messerschmitt ME-262 Schwalbe ( «Messerschmitt ME-262 Swallow") ya bayyana a fagen yaƙi ne kawai a shekarar 1944. Ba za mu iya cewa don tabbatar, wannan mota da aka yi nufi ga abin aiki. Gwaje-gwajen da jirgin sama ci gaba ko da a fagen yaƙi. Ya yi aiki a matsayin wani jirgin saman soja (ciki har da dare), m da kuma bincike da jirgin sama. The inji shi ne guda da kuma biyu, fama da kuma horo. Yana kafa sabuwar tsarin da makafi saukowa, gwaji radar kayan aiki gwada gani, bindigogi na daban-daban calibers, kuma mafi gwaji kayan aiki. Jamus masana'antu da aka saki game da 25 versions na jirgin sama.

"Messerschmitt-262" da aka duniya na farko taro-samar jet engine, kai a kai tsaye sashi a tashin. Jamus kira shi "tsattsewa» (Schwalbe), da Amirkawa da kuma Birtaniya - "Petrel» (Petrel). Har zuwa karshen yaki Jamus masana'antu 1433 inji aka samar. Saboda haka, "Messerschmitt ME-262" da za a iya gani cikin mafi tartsatsi jet jirgin sama na yakin duniya na II.

A tarihin jirgin sama

Zai yiwu babu wani daga cikin model jirgin sama ya halartar haka da yawa matsaloli a aiwatar da da samuwar, kamar yadda "Messerschmitt-262". History of halittar wannan na'ura, ta ci gaba da kuma kawo ga taro samar da rikitarwa ba kawai ta ba komai haqqinsa jinkiri da rashin kudade, amma kuma da dama fasaha kalubale.

Its farko jirgin, kamar yadda ya ruwaito A. Speer - Ministan Jamus makamai, da jirgin saman sanya wata daya kafin a hare-haren na Jamus sojojin a kan Tarayyar Soviet. A farko model, da ME-262 yana fistan injuna da aka amfani da su. Duk da haka, ba su kasance m isa. A shekara an yanke shawarar yin amfani da jet injuna Jumo-004, wanda ya ci gaba da kuma fara samar da m "Junkers".

A tarihin sani da yawa facts lokacin zuwan sababbin abubuwa rushe cikakken darajar baya ƙarni na makamai. "Messerschmitt-262" za a iya dauke daya daga waɗanda. A amfani da sabon na'ura a gaban makiya jirage sun bayyane, amma da cututtukan yara na Jamus tattalin arzikin sun zama wani babban cikas ga ta taro samar.

Daga cikin babban matsaloli da suka kanwar da ci gaban da jirgin sama a dukan tarihi sun hada da wadannan: da farko, da unreliability na Jumo jet injuna, wanda ke sanye take da "Messerschmitt-262". Sun yi aiki sosai unreliable a rarefied yanayi da kuma ake bukata tsawo da kuma m elaboration. Na biyu, da taya saka a kan dabaran undercarriage ma ba daban-daban quality. Sau da yawa suka fashe a lokacin saukowa, amma saukowa gudun da jirgin sama ne kawai 190 km / h. Tare da hadaddun soja da siyasa da halin da ake ciki a Jamus da kuma cirkaka mafi girma umurnin a lokacin da gina sabon jirgin sama, wadannan yanayi ya kai ga gaskiya cewa "Messerschmitt ME-262" (photo sama) ya bayyana a filin wasa na yaƙi, a biyu da rabi na 1944, tare da Semi-shekara-shekara da bata lokaci ba . Ya ba su iya zama mu'ujiza makami, wanda aka fatan Adolf Hitler, zai taimake Jamus sake samu daukaka a cikin sararin samaniyar Turai. Amma shi zai iya faru.

Sa'ad da dukan lahani da aka remedied, da Jamusanci designers, da ya bayyana cewa duk da wasan kwaikwayon halaye na sabon inji aka bar nisa a baya sigogi na Allied jirgin sama. Gina jirgin sama "Messerschmitt-262" zai iya sauƙi a yi la'akari da fitacciyar cikin gida jirgin sama masana'antu.

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The latest model jirgin sama "Messerschmitt-262", da gina wanda bai yi kama da jet inji zamani, shi aka powered by biyu turbofan injuna da kuma fuka-fuki mike shafa. Iyakar gudun motsi ya kusan 850 km / h. A tsawo na 9000 mita ya tsiwirwirinsu kan 7 da minti. Matsakaicin tsawo ya 11, 000 mita. Da makamai da ya kamata a lura hudu 30mm MK 108 igwa, kowane bam da cewa zai iya sauƙi kawo saukar da wani nauyi m. Su aka shirya a nau'i-nau'i a kowane daga cikin fikafikanta, daya sama da sauran. Akwai kuma yiwuwar installing up to 12 unguided roka.

Allied dauki zuwa fitowan da "Messerschmitt-262"

Densely shagaltar Turai Sky masõya aka gigice da bayyanar da ME-262. Mafi muhimmanci ma, wannan ba wani mamaki kamar wani American m, saba yi a hukunta rana hare-hare a kan Jamus birane da sansanonin soja. Yana da jũna a little more kuma duk da amfani a cikin iska za a rasa.

Amma don taimakon Anglo-Americans, Adolf Hitler ya zo kwatsam. Gaskiyar cewa asali da Jamus nasarar amfani jet "Messerschmitt-262" kamar yadda wani jirgin saman soja-interceptor. Fuhrer ne karfi bukaci a yi amfani da jirgin sama mai high-gudun m, iya ba biya da hankali ga 'yan adawa mayakan, rushe bayyanar da kawayenta a Turai scene na tashin.

Jamus matukan jirgi na sabon ƙarni mota

A 1943, ya gwada sabon mota ta faru to da kaina kwamandan faɗa jirgin sama na Luftwaffe Janar Adolf Galland. A kwaikwayo ya bayyana a takaice magana: "Wannan mota da aka tashi kamar yadda idan ta mala'iku ne." A cewar wani matukin jirgi, Jörg Stsypionski, "Messerschmitt-262" (photos of wanda aka dauke a cikin labarin) ya ba musamman wuya a sarrafa. Babban abu - yi kome bisa ga umarnin, sa'an nan da na'ura za ta nuna hali zare jiki da ba zai zama capricious. Saboda da rashin high kudi yafi kasance a lokacin da za a kama gaban maƙiyi jirgin sama a fama. A wannan yanayin, matukin jirgin ya zama sarki matsayi.

A makamai daga cikin jirgin saman da aka haka m cewa daya volley ya isa ya shi ne duk kan. Duk da haka, ko da gogaggen matukan jirgi kasance ba haka ba sauki mu jimre wa da Shrew na'ura. Yana buƙatar wani zama dole sake horo, wanda ake bukata lokaci mai tsawo.

Fighter na "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

Daya daga cikin categorical abokan adawar na Hitler da Goering mafita amfani da jirgin saman soja "Messerschmitt-262" kamar yadda wani dan kunar bakin waken ya shugaban Luftwaffe faɗa jirgin sama, wani tsohon soja na Battle of Birtaniya, Adolf Galland. A watan Janairu na shekarar 1945, a lokacin taron, wanda ya samu halartar dukan management tawagar jirgin sama a Jamus, ya fito fili ya bayyana shakku game da iyawa na Goering matsayin kwamandan kasar iska jiragen ruwa. A sakamakon da hankalinsa janar dakatar daga ofishin. Duk da haka, ya ba su daina.

Don tabbatar da al'amarin, Galland miƙa ta samar da wata musamman dangane karkashin umurnin, equipping ta jirgin sama "Messerschmitt ME-262." A ma'aikata samuwar, da sauransu sa suna Gerhard Barhorna (a wancan lokaci shi yana da 301 m nasara), Heinz Baer (220 wins), Walter Krupinski (197 wins), Johannes Shteynhoffa (176 wins), Gunther Lutzow (108 rabo) da kuma al. A fili aka mai suna "part Fighter" Yagdferband 744 (J744) ».

Short biography "Yagdferband 744 (J744)»

A watan Maris na shekarar 1945, hedkwatar sabuwar dangane da aka located a filin jirgin sama Munich-Riem, inda kuma fara sãci armadas na Allied kai harin sanya hasken rana hare-hare a kan Jamus. A kan wani watan wannan newfound Elite iska raka'a akwai riga 45 jirgin sama harbe saukar m jirgin sama. Amma shi dade dogon. May 3, 1945, ta ci ta da kawayenta a Salzburg.

Adolf Galland kansa kuma bai ki da kwalkwali na jirgin sama. Ya dauki bangare a da yawa ayyukan to sakonnin Allied kai harin hare-hare. Afrilu 25, a lokacin da daya daga cikinsu ya An buga wani American jirgin saman soja cover "Ripablik P-47." Matukin jirgin da aka samu rauni a duka biyu gwiwoyi da bai iya sosai, ya sanya jirgin saman soja a filin pitted da craters.

Nasara Jamus matukan jirgi

A farko nasara a baya da dabaran a jet "Messerschmitt-262" da aka lashe ta Adolf Schreiber. Wadannan abubuwa faru taron Yuni 26, 1944. Bugu da kari a wadannan matukan jirgin, "Messerschmitt-262" taimake daraja Franz Schall - a kan ME-262, ya zira kwallaye 14 wins (total 137), Herman Buchner - 12 (58), George Peter Eder - 12 (78), Erich Rudorferu - 12 (222) , Carl Shnorreru - 11 (46), Johannes Steinhoff - 6 (176), Walter Nowotny (total 248 rabo), da sauransu.

Jamus matukan jirgi dauke "Messerschmitt-262" shi ne don haka invulnerable cewa gabagaɗi, tafiyar da yaƙi tare da vastly m lambobi na abokin gaba ne. Alal misali, Maris 19, 1945 28 German matukan jirgin, kasancewa a kwalkwali na "Mesershmittov-262", ba ji tsoro su yi yaƙi da wani babban girgije da American jirgin sama, kunsha na 1,300 kai harin da kuma 750 jirgin saman soja murfin. Duk da kananan lambobi, sun kasance iya overclock dukan armada, hana plaque a kan daya daga cikin shafukan da a Jamus.

Masõya, suka yi yaƙi da ME-262

A wani kai tsaye adawa da "Messerschmitt-262" da wani Allied jirgin sama shi aka ƙaddara wa shan kashi. Da rashin sauri, rawar daji da kuma ikon da makamai, da nasara ba ko da mafarkin. Amma duk da haka Achilles diddige da aka samu. Ba ko daya. Gaskiyar cewa wani jirgin saman soja jet "Messerschmitt-262" ya bayyana ga zama sosai m lokacin takeoff da saukowa. A wadannan lokacin, kuma an yanke shawarar yin fare a hamayya da shi.

A farko wuri dukan sojojin da aka jefa a kan bincike na aerodromes, wanda aka dogara ne a kan Jamus "tsattsewa". Bayan haka, su titin jiragen sama da aka hõre tausayi bombardment. Wannan ya gauraye da ƙasa, kusan kullum. Yana dade muddin "Messerschmitt-262", tushen a filin jirgin sama, ba hawa zuwa wani wuri.

Mun kuma sani 'yan facts halaka "Messers" a kan takeoff. Saboda haka, Oktoba 7, 1944, Lieutenant Urban Drew, yawo ta ƙasar da abokan gaba, ga su fara tare da filin jirgin sama kamar wata jiragen sama. Amfani da amfani da tsawo da kuma gudun, matukin jirgin jaruntaka farmaki makiya da kuma harbe saukar biyu, ba kyale da bugun kira na sauri.

Da dama ME-262 da aka hallaka a m fama. Saboda haka, Nuwamba 8, 1944 daya daga cikin aces na Luftwaffe Walter Nowotny, wanda harbe saukar da 258 maƙiyi jirgin sama a lokacin da hari dangane American m aka harbe saukar da daya daga cikin mayakan rufe da "Doki P-51."

Features "Messerschmitt-262"

A tsawon jirgin sama ne 10.6 m, mai tsawo - 3.8 m, wingspan - 12.5 m, da reshe yanki -. 21.8 m Weight na komai motoci da aka 3800 kg, wata al'ada takeoff nauyi - 6400 kg, matsakaicin takeoff nauyi - 7140 kg. Practical rufi daga ne 11 km away. A iyakar gudu a matsakaicin tsayinsa kamu 855 km / h. A makamai kunshi 4 bindigogi MK - 108 ne kuma iya kafa 12 R4M unguided makamai masu linzami.

Nasara jet "Messerschmitt-262": masõya

Nasara jet "Messerschmitt" tsakanin masõya, ba sosai. Domin mafi part da Jamusanci "tsattsewa" halakar a ƙasa, ba ya ba su damar da za su tashi. Duk da haka, kawo saukar "Messerschmitt-262" da aka rubuta a ãdalci George. Bendraulta (386 FS), Lieutenant Mueller (353rd FG), Major H. Connor (78th FG), jami'in-matukin jirgi Bob Cole ( 3rd rundujar soja masu dawaki Sojan sama ba), Laftanar Rago (78th FG), Wilson Laftanar (401-I Canadian iska rundujar soja masu dawaki) da sauransu.

Nasara jet "Messerschmitt-262": Eastern Front

Bugu da kari ga Yammacin Turai wasan kwaikwayo da yadda ake gudanar, akwai "Messerschmitt-262" da kuma a kan Eastern Front. Duk da haka, bayani game da wannan quite rowa. Duk da haka, cikin jerin zakaru na "Messerschmitt-262" ya ƙunshi sunaye da Soviet aces. Hukumance rajista downed jet "Messers" a kan asusun da Ivan Kozhedub Leo Sivko, Ivan Kuznetsov Yakov Okolepov da Aleksandr Dolgunov. Mai yiwuwa a cikin wannan jerin dole ne a hada biyu mafi sunayen: Harry Merkviladze, Pilot 152 th Guards rajimanti da Vladimir E. daga 402 th Fighter Wing.

Duk da haka, tabbatarwa da nasarar da suka samu a cikin archives samu.

ƙarshe

Domin duk yakin duniya na II Jamus masana'antu da aka gina da kuma aika zuwa gaban da jirgin sama a 1433, "Messerschmitt-262" ciki har da daban-daban gyare-gyare. Duk da haka, ba duk motoci dauki bangare a cikin tashin. Rashin man fetur, rashin kwararrun ma'aikata da kuma rashin dace hadahada gida (mota bukata mika titin jiragen sama) taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin rabo na duniya na farko jet jirgin sama "Messerschmitt ME-262." Amma duk da haka ya bar wani gagarumin alama a cikin tarihi na duniya jirgin sama. Bayan ya bayyanar alama farkon zamanin jet jirgin sama.