Indigirka - wani kogi a arewa-maso-gabashin Yakutia. Description, abinci, aikin gandu

Indigirka - kogin a arewacin Asiya ɓangare na Rasha. Shi ne mafi girma a Jamhuriyar Sakha (da Yakutia), na uku mafi girma a Siberia. Length na kogin - 1726 km, yana tafiya daga kudu zuwa arewa, cikin bakin - Gabas Siberian Sea. Wannan yana nufin cewa waha nasa Indigirka Arctic Ocean. The ruwa yanki na kogin kwari - game da 360 da dubu. Km. Unguwa cikin bakinta buga da ƙawa: duwãtsu a daya gefen alamar ƙarfin hali, a fili a kan sauran - da softness da alheri.

Sunan da kuma tushen

Indigirka - kogin da daukan da sunan da daga Siberian Tunguska kabila Evens. A cikin yaren, hydronym fassara a matsayin "kare ta kandami."

Its asalin Indigirka daukan wuri inda duwãtsun biyu kõguna na kananan girma converge. Source kõguna located a arewacin kafaɗar da kunya Halkan. Located farko na kogin a wata tsawo na 792 m saman teku matakin.

Halaye na kogin

Bisa ga halaye na tashar, kwarin da kwarara gudu Indigirka - kogi, wanda za a iya kasu kashi biyu: duwatsu da kuma bayyana. A tsawon daga cikin manya rabo daga dutsen - 640 km, da lebur kasa - 1086 km. Gudãna daga arewa gangara Halkan iyaka, da ya kwarara ne directed tare da m iyakar Oimyakon upland cuts ridges: Chemalginsky da Cherskii. Wadannan, taso keya kunya Moma, Indigirka shiga cikin low filayen yankin. Kogin ƙanƙara a kan wannan shafin, suna gwada da m sassa na kogin da protruding daga ƙasa tare da kaifi boulders, kira shivera.

A kudi na motsi na ruwa a cikin wadannan yankunan ne game da 2-3 m / s. Lokacin da Indigirka Chemalginsky intersects kunya, gudun ƙaruwa zuwa 4 m / s. A wannan yankin, da kogin suranta Rapids sunã gudãna zurfin gorges. Wannan mãkirci ne sosai wuya da kuma m, don haka ne ba su dace ko da na gami.

A kashi mai lebur na Indigirka (kogin) gudana ta hanyar da Yano-Indigirka da Abyisky Shefela. Valley qara, samar da wani babban yawan braids, Shoals da hannayen riga. A talakawan nisa daga cikin kogin a wadannan wurare - 500 m. Indigirka ne sosai tortuous.

Kusa da yankin Neja Delta qara nisa daga cikin kwarin har zuwa 600-800 m, da kuma kogin ne zuwa kashi: Rasha bakin Kolyma hannun riga Average hannun riga - most of su. Hannun Riga 130 km daga cikin tẽku, bi da bi, ya samar da wata m Delta, ta fannin fiye da 5 500 sq. km. A tasa kara tare da iyaka da permafrost, don haka oledenevshie Coast da kuma babbar kankara - halayyar Jihar ruwa na gudana daga ƙarƙashinsu Indigirka.

Amma tsakanin bakinka da kuma teku kafa wani m mashaya (sandbar na kogin da tẽku laka sedimentary).

Abinci mai gina jiki, lambatu da congelation

A kogin Indigirka gauraye da irin. Mafi yawa daga cikin up ruwan sama da kuma snowmelt ruwa. Haka kuma, a karkashin karshe daya shi ne ya kamata hira da ruwa snow, kankara, da kuma icings. Pond ne muhimmi a Gabas Siberian irin tsarin mulki. A lokacin warmer watanni, akwai wani m ruwan tufana. Yana yana 70 zuwa kwanaki 100. Amma da kogin aka rufe da kankara a watan Oktoba, kuma wannan zamani yana har Mayu da Yuni. Icebreaker a kan jinkiri game da daukan wani mako. Annual dake kwarara ruwa - game da 58 km, mafi ne a lokacin rani (50%), da spring - 32% fall - 15%, kuma a cikin hunturu fiye da 1%.

River gwamnatin Indigirka haka mai tsanani da cewa da ya kwarara da aka dauke su shaawa a duniya, wannan shi ne ta musamman alama. Winters ne m, kuma harsh. Lokacin da na biyu iska yanayin zafi (debe 40-50 digiri Celsius), kogi a wasu wuraren da aka daskarewa zuwa kasa. A cikin ƙauyen. Ojmjakon wanda shi ne dake kusa mahaɗar tsakãninsu. Nera a Indigirka, rajista mafi ƙasƙanci yanayin zafi a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere. A kasar gona a kasa na alluvial asalin.

Geographic yankunan da sauyin yanayi

Wasu Rasha River (Indigirka ciki har da) faruwa kusan a kan dukan ƙasar da Jamhuriyar Yakutia. Wannan yana nufin cewa jiki na ruwa a cikin shuka shirya ke ta daban-daban Gwargwadon yankunan. Taiga da taiga gandun daji a cikin sama kai na cikin kogin crosses (Flora wakilta sparse deciduous gandun daji, thickets na katakan itacen al'ul da alder thickets), da gandun daji-tundra da tundra a cikin ƙananan ya kai (wakilta Bishiyoyi da lichen). Arctic hamada halayyar da ya kwarara daga yankin Neja Delta. Kusan a ko'ina swamped bakin gaci.

Sauyin yanayi - sharply-nahiyar. Average Janairu yanayin zafi - debe 40 ° C, da talakawan ga Yuli - da 14 ° C. Zafi - 70%.

Inflows

Aikin gandu Indigirka located biyu a cikin sama da kuma a cikin ƙananan ya kai. A babba iyaka zuwa cikin kwarara m hagu - Elga kogin, Kyuente, Kuydusun dama - mafi girma a inflow Indigirka - p. Nehra (196 km). Ƙananan iyakar hagu - Uyandina River aikin gandu, Allaikha River, selenium, Berelekh. Dama - River Badyarikha River da kuma Moma.

Bugu da kari ga manyan aikin gandu, daga Indigirka akwai karami - marmaro a Sarylakh, Talbykchan, Arga-Yuryakh, Achchygy-Chagachannah, Ataba-Yuryakh da sauransu. Aikin gandu, kazalika da sosai Indigirka, ya ƙara rura wutar da ruwan sama da kuma melted snow.

ci gaban da ƙasar

tafki ci gaba fara kawai a farkon XVII karni, a lokacin da ya zo Siberia Tobolsk Cossacks. A farko yarjejeniya a kan bankunan na kogin Indigirka aka kafa a 1639 Cossack Postnik Ivanov - Zashiverskaya kurkuku. The yarjejeniya da aka zaune har ƙarshen XIX karni. Duk da haka, bayan da smallpox annoba gari bitattu. Yanzu ya daina zaune, amma akwai wani birni-tunawa.

Mass ci gaban mutane suka fara a farkon rabin na XVIII karni. A Delta , akwai shi ne mafi girma mazauna a bakin - Rasha estuary. A ƙarshen XIX karni a kan bankunan daga cikin rafi akwai 29 ƙauyuka.

Yanzu bakin teku Indigirka Lines ne 5 kananan kauyuka Ust-Nera (6000 pers.), Chokurdakh (2100 pers.), Farin Mountain (2000 pers.), Oymyakon (500 pers.), Hon (2 mutane 500. ). Chokurdakh kauye - ne northernmost tashar jiragen ruwa a Rasha.

Bugu da kari ga mutanen dake wurin, mutane a cikin wadannan yankunan tafarkin adibas na zinariya. A kan bankunan na kogin ne zinariya karafa. A Moma kogin kwari akwai adibas na ci.

fauna

Indigirka arziki a cikin kifi fauna wakilan. A cikin ruwan kogin sun samu su gida game da 30 jinsunan kifaye. Quite rare kama kifi a cikin bakinsa. Mafi na kowa kasuwanci jinsunan na cikin ruwa dabbobi Indigirka: whitefish, cisco da whitefish. Bugu da kari a wadannan wakilan an san da sauransu: whitefish, whitefish, burbot.

Bugu da kari, da ruwan da ake samu Indigirka da kuma namun dajin da kifi, wasu daga wanda aka jera a matsayin miyagun. Wannan, misali, Siberian sturgeon - wani wakilin da aka miyagun. Number of alƙarya da kifi fari kifi, Siberian whitefish rage wa m matsayin. Kwanan nan ya gabatar da wani ban a kama kifi jinsunan muskun.
Lokaci-lokaci zuwa spawn a yankin Neja Delta Indigirka tafi kifi: ruwan hoda da kuma chum kifi.

A lokacin bazara kakar daga kauye Honu navigable rafi. A wannan lokaci, da kogi ne babban ruwa-hanyar sufuri a arewa-maso-gabas na Rasha.

tafiya

Tafiya tare da kogin Indighirka - taron ba mai sauki daya, wani m yanki. Ã'a, mafi yawansu duk Firaministan cikin matsananci zafin jiki yanayi. Wadannan dalibai sau da yawa zo Kasa Institute a kan bincike yi, tun da mafi yawan Coast Indigirka ba a karatu.

Amma adventurers bace a ko'ina, kuma ƙananan kai na rafi ne da za'ayi kwami rafting, kayaking. Kuma duk da haka akwai ban mamaki wurare dace domin kama kifi da farauta.

The halitta jan hankali na yankin za a iya dangana Chersky kewayo. Saboda haka suna bayan Explorer na yankin ID Cherskogo. Tsororuwar shi - na Nasara (3003 m.). Shi ne na karshe manyan Gwargwadon alama, tsara Rasha. Bude kawai a 1926 mai bincike SV Obruchev.

The fall da kuma gangaren kogin

Fall River Indigirka (da wani) da aka lasafta daga nesa tsakanin tushen da kuma bakin tafki. A gaskiya, wannan kalma tana nufin bambanci na biyu, waɗannan, Manuniya. A cewar wasu na aikin data drop ne game da 1 da dubu. Mita. A adadi ne da talakawan tsakanin sauran Rasha gudana.

Gangaren Indigirka kogin ne a kusa da 58 m / km. Wannan lambar da aka samu ta hanyar da aminci ga girma da fall na tafki. A ka'ida, adadi ne ba don haka mai girma, duk da haka, har yanzu zama a kan kogin, ya kamata ka zama musamman m.