Inda shi ne mafi girma kawo nesa kusa a duniya?

Away daga bustle da kuma fitilu na wayewa, a inda ba wanda yake zaune Hamada da kuma a kan dutse kololuwa ne majestic Refayawa, wanda ganinsu ne ko da yaushe directed a cikin taurarin sama. Wasu tsaya ga shekarun da suka gabata, yayin da wasu za su kawai ganin su na farko taurari. Yau mun gano inda 10 babbar nesa a duniya da kuma samun Masana tare da kowannen su, dabam daban.

10. Manyan Synoptic Survey kawo nesa kusa (LSST)

The kawo nesa kusa aka located a saman da Chilean duwãtsu Gray-Pachon a tsawon 2682 m saman teku matakin. Bisa ga irin shi da dangantaka da na gani reflectors. A diamita na farko madubi ne 8.4 m. A farko haske (a lokaci ma'ana da farko yi amfani da kawo nesa kusa a kan dalilin da akayi nufi) LSST gani a 2020 shekara. A cikakken aiki da na'ura farawa da 2022. Duk da cewa da kawo nesa kusa aka located waje na Amurka, ta yi kudi da Amirkawa. Daya daga cikinsu shi, Bill Gates, wanda ya kashe miliyan 10 daloli. A cikin duka, da aikin zai kudin miliyan 400.

Home kawo nesa kusa aiki - dauki hotuna na dare sama kowane yan dare da rana. Don yin wannan, na'urar na da kyamara na 3.2 gigapixel. LSST yana da babban Viewing kwana - 3.5 digiri. Moon da kuma Sun, misali, a cikin hanyar a cikin abin da suka iya kalla zuwa duniya zauna kawai rabin wani mataki. Irin wannan damar ne saboda wani m diamita na nesa kusa da musamman zane. Gaskiyar ita ce, a nan maimakon saba biyu-madubai amfani uku. Yana ba da babbar kawo nesa kusa a duniya, amma ya iya zama daya daga cikin mafi m.

A kimiyya manufofin da aikin: a search for burbushi na duhu al'amari. Taswirar da Milky Way. ganowa sabon da kuma fashewar abubuwa supernew. tracking na kananan abubuwa a cikin hasken rana tsarin (asteroids da comets), musamman wadanda suke a kusa da kusanci zuwa ga Duniya.

9. kudancin Afirka Manyan kawo nesa kusa (gishiri)

Wannan na'ura kuma shi ne wani Tantancewar reflector. An located a cikin ta Kudu Afrika ta Tsakiya, a kan tudu, a cikin Semi-hamada yanki kusa da shiri na Sutherland. Kawo nesa kusa tsawo ne 1798 m The diamita daga cikin babban madubi -. 11 / 9.8 m.

Yana ba da babbar kawo nesa kusa a duniya, amma mafi girma a kudancin yammancin duniya. Construction na naúra a wata kudin na 36 da dala miliyan. A bisa uku daga cikinsu alama gwamnatin Afrika ta Kudu. Sauran adadin da aka rarraba tsakanin Jamus, da Burtaniya, Poland, Amurka da kuma New Zealand.

A farko gishiri shigarwa hoto ya faru a shekarar 2005, kusan nan da nan bayan kammala aikin gine-gine. Amma Tantancewar nesa, ta zane ne quite m. Duk da haka, shi ne yadada tsakanin sabuwar wakilan manyan nesa. Main madubi 91 da aka hada da kyakkyawan abubuwa, kowanne daga abin da diamita na 1 mita. A don cimma wasu a raga da kuma kara da ganuwa duk madubai za a iya gyara a kwana.

Gishiri da aka tsara don spectrometric da na gani bincike na radiation jefarwa da astronomical abubuwa da suke fita daga gaban nesa a arewacin yammancin duniya. Kawo nesa kusa ma'aikata kalla quasars, m da kuma nan kusa yawan taurari, kazalika da ci gaba da lura da juyin halitta na taurari.

Yana yana da irin wannan kawo nesa kusa a Amurka - Hobby-Eberly kawo nesa kusa. An located a cikin unguwannin Texas, kuma shi ne kusan m, a zane don shigarwa na gishiri.

8. Keck I da na II

Biyu Keck nesa suna da alaka da tsarin, wanda halitta guda image. Suna located in Hawaii a kan Mauna Kea. A tsawo ne 4145 m. Bisa ga irin nesa kuma masu Tantancewar reflectors.

Keck Observatory aka located in daya daga cikin mafi m (daga ra'ayi na astroclimate) wurare a duniya. Wannan yana nufin cewa kutse na yanayi a lura shi ne kadan. Saboda haka, Keck Observatory kasance daya daga cikin mafi kyau a tarihi. Kuma duk da cewa mafi girma kawo nesa kusa a duniya ba a nan.

Main madubai nesa Keck gaba daya m. Su, kamar kawo nesa kusa gishiri, kunshi wani sa na mobile abubuwa. Ga su ne a 36 ga kowane daga cikin na'urorin. A siffar cikin madubi ne heksagon. A Observatory iya tsayar da sama a gani, kuma infrared. Keck gudanar da wani m kewayon na asali bincike. Bugu da kari, shi ne a yau dauke daya daga cikin mafi kyau kasa-tushen nesa don bincika extrasolar taurari.

7. Great Canary kawo nesa kusa (GTC)

Muna ci gaba da amsa ga tambayar da inda shi ne mafi girma kawo nesa kusa a duniya. A wannan lokaci, da son sani ya kawo mu Spain, da Canary Islands, mafi daidai a tsibirin La Palma, inda GTC kawo nesa kusa. zane tsawo na 2267 m diamita farko madubi - .. 10.4 m Wannan sigar Tantancewar reflector. A yi na kawo nesa kusa da aka kammala a shekarar 2009. Opening ziyarci Juan Carlos na - King na Spain. The aikin kudin game da 130 miliyan kudin Tarayyar Turai. 90% na adadin kasaftawa da gwamnatin na Spain. Sauran 10% da aka daidaita raba tsakanin Mexico da kuma Jami'ar Florida.

The kawo nesa kusa iya tsayar da taurarin sama a gani, kuma a cikin tsakiyar infrared kewayo. Godiya ga kayan aiki da kuma Osiris CanariCam ya iya gudanar da polarimetric, spectrophotometric da koronograficheskie karatu cosmic abubuwa.

6. Observatory "Arecibo"

Ba kamar a baya, wannan Observatory ne radioreflektorom. A diamita na farko madubi (hankali!) 304.8 mita. Shin wannan mu'ujiza da fasaha a Puerto Rico a tsawon 497 m saman teku matakin. Kuma shi ke ba da babbar kawo nesa kusa a duniya. Sunan shugaba ba, za ka koyi kasa.

Giant kawo nesa kusa fiye da sau daya samu kansa a cikin wani movie ruwan tabarau na kamara. Ku tuna da karshe yaƙi tsakanin James Bond da husũma a cikin film "Golden Eye"? Sai ta tafi, a can. The kawo nesa kusa An aiwatuwa a cikin almarar kimiyya movie Karla Sagana "Contact" da kuma wasu fina-finan. A rediyo kawo nesa kusa ya kuma featured a wani video game. A musamman, da dan damfara Transmission Map toys yaki 4. A karo tsakanin soja faruwa a kusa da tsarin, gaba daya koyi Arecibo.

Na dogon lokaci an yi tunanin cewa Arecibo - mafi girma kawo nesa kusa a duniya. Hotuna da wannan giant dole gani kowane biyu mazauni na Duniya. Ga alama quite sabon abu: wani farantin daga babbar size, sanya shi a cikin halitta sinkholes, an rufe shi da aluminum da kuma kewaye da m Jungle. A kan farantin an dakatar mobile irradiator, wanda aka gudanar a kan 18 igiyoyi. Su, bi da bi, ana saka a kan uku hasumiyai masu tsawo shigar tare da gefuna da faranti. Tare da wadannan girma "Arecibo" iya kama wani m kewayon (zango - daga 3 cm zuwa 1 m) na electromagnetic radiation.

A rediyo kawo nesa kusa da aka sa a cikin aiki a matsayin farkon a matsayin 60s. Ya bayyana a cikin da yawa karatu, daya daga wanda aka bayar da kyautar Nobel. A marigayi 90 ta Observatory da aka daya daga cikin key kayan aikin na aikin search na Extraterrestrial rai.

5. A manyan tsararru a Atacama Desert (Alma)

Yana da lokaci zuwa la'akari da mafi tsada daga cikin data kasance ƙasa-tushen nesa. Yana da wani rediyo interferometer, wanda aka located in da Atacama Desert (Chile) a tsawon 5058 m saman teku matakin. A interferometer ƙunshi 66 radio nesa wanda da diamita na 12 mita ko 7. The aikin kudin 1.4 biliyan daloli. Ya kudi America, Japan, Canada, Taiwan, Turai da kuma Chile.

Alma da aka tsara don nazarin millimeter da submillimeter tãguwar ruwa. Domin da na'ura na wannan irin shi ne mafi m dutsen bushe sauyin yanayi. Nesa da aka kawo a cikin wuri hankali. A farko rediyo eriya da aka kaddamar a 2008, da kuma na karshe daya - a 2013. Babban kimiyya burin da interferometer - nazarin juyin halitta daga cikin halittu, musamman, da haihuwa da kuma ci gaba da taurari.

4. Magelanov giant kawo nesa kusa (GMT)

Wajen kudu maso yammacin, a cikin wannan hamada a matsayin Alma, a tsawon 2516 m saman teku matakin, gina wani nesa kusa da diamita na 25.4 m GMT. By irin shi da dangantaka da na gani reflectors. Wannan shi ne hadin gwiwa aikin na Amurka da kuma Australia.

Babban madubi zai hada da daya tsakiyar da kuma shida da suke kewaye da mai lankwasa segments. Bugu da kari ga reflector, da kawo nesa kusa sanye take da Na'urar kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta da sabon aji, wanda damar cimma wani m matakin na yanayi murdiya. A sakamakon haka, images ne 10 sau more daidai fiye da tare da sarari kawo nesa kusa "Hubble".

A kimiyya manufofin GMT: bincika extrasolar taurari. nazarin gagarumi, galactic da planetary juyin halitta. nazarin baki ramukan da kuma more. a kan yi na kawo nesa kusa ayyukan da ya kamata a kammala a shekarar 2020.

Talatin Meter kawo nesa kusa (TMT). Wannan aikin ne a cikin sigogi da kuma manufofin kama da nesa da Keck GMT. Yana za a located a kan Hawaiian Mauna Kea, a tsawon 4050 m saman teku matakin. A diamita na babban madubi na nesa kusa ne mita 30. A Tantancewar reflector amfani TMT madubi kasu kashi a jam'i na kyakkyawan sassa. Kawai idan aka kwatanta da Keck naúrar size ne sau uku more. Yi na kawo nesa kusa har yanzu bai fara ba saboda matsaloli tare da na gida gwamnati. Gaskiyar cewa dutsen Mauna Kea ne alfarma ga 'yan ƙasar Hawai. The aikin kudin ne $ 1.3 biliyan. A zuba jari za su dauki bangare yafi India da kuma China.

3. 50 mita siffar zobe kawo nesa kusa (FAST)

Ga shi, da most kawo nesa kusa a duniya. Satumba 25, 2016 a kasar Sin da aka kaddamar Observatory (FAST), tsara don nazarin sararin samaniya da kuma bincike a cikin shi ãyõyin fasaha rayuwa. A diamita na na'urar ne kamar yadda mita 500, don haka shi samu matsayi na "babbar kawo nesa kusa a duniya." Sin ta fara gina wani Observatory a shekarar 2011. The aikin kudin kasar Amurka $ 180 miliyan. } Ananan hukumomi, ko da ya yi alkawari cewa koma game da 10 dubu mutanen da suka rayu a cikin 5-km zone a kusa da nesa kusa, su haifar da manufa yanayi na saka idanu.

Saboda haka, "Arecibo" ba shi ne mafi girma a kawo nesa kusa a duniya. Sin ya dauki take a Puerto Rico.

2. Square Kilometer Array (Ska)

Idan aikin na rediyo interferometer kammala samu nasarar, da Ska Observatory zai zama 50 sau fi da damar da most data kasance nesa. Tare da su antennae shi zai rufe wani yanki na game da 1 murabba'in kilomita. Bisa ga tsarin kama da kawo nesa kusa Alma aikin, amma a size yana da yawa m ga Chilean shuka. Don kwanan wata, akwai biyu tatsuniyoyinsu: gina nesa da 30 antennae a cikin 200 m da kuma gina 150 90-mita nesa. A cikin wani hali, da masana kimiyya ta yi ciki da Observatory zai yi game da rashin saurin kilomita 3,000.

Ska za a located kai tsaye a cikin kasashen biyu - Afirka ta Kudu da kuma Australia. The aikin zai kudin game da $ biliyan 2. A Naira Miliyan Xari da aka raba ta a tsakanin 10 ƙasashe. By 2020, aikin da aka shirya don kammala.

1. An musamman manyan Turai nesa kusa (E-ELT)

A 2025, masu cikakken ƙarfi na gani nesa kusa za a saki, wadda za ta fi girman TMT ta kamar yadda mita 10, kuma za a located in Chile a saman dutsen Cerro Armazones, a tsawon 3060 m. Yana zai zama mafi girma a Tantancewar kawo nesa kusa a duniya.

Its main kusan 40-mita madubi zai hada kusan 800 motsi sassa, da kuma wani rabin mita a diamita kowane. Tare da wadannan girma da kuma na zamani Na'urar kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta, E-ELT za su iya samun Duniya-kamar taurari, da karatu da abun da ke ciki na atmospheres.

The most nuna kawo nesa kusa a duniya kuma za ta yi nazarin aiwatar da planetary samuwar da sauran muhimman hakkokin al'amurran da suka shafi. kudin da aikin ne game da biliyan 1 Tarayyar Turai.

The most sarari kawo nesa kusa a duniya

Space nesa da ake bukata a cikin irin wannan girma a matsayin ƙasa, kamar yadda saboda da rashin tasirin da yanayi, da suka iya nuna kyakkyawan sakamako. Saboda haka, a cikin wannan harka, mafi alhẽri ya ce "mafi m," da kuma ba da "babbar" kawo nesa kusa a duniya. "Hubble" - a sarari kawo nesa kusa, shahara a ko'ina cikin duniya. Its diamita ne kusan biyu da rabi mita. A wannan yanayin, da ƙuduri na na'urar don dozin sau fiye da idan ya kasance a duniya.

A wuri na "Hubble" a shekara ta 2018 ta zo da wani karin iko kawo nesa kusa, "Dzheyms Vebb". Its diamita 6.5 m, kuma madubi za a hada da dama sassa. Sanya, a kan ra'ayin da suka kafa, "Dzheyms Vebb" zai zama a cikin Lagrange batu L2, a Duniya ta m inuwa.

ƙarshe

Yau mun hadu da dozin daga cikin mafi m nesa a duniya. Yanzu da ka san abin da ya tabbatar da nazarin sararin samaniya da kuma high-tech giant iya tsara, kazalika da nawa kudi da aka kashe a gina wadannan nesa.