Igwa "Rapier": fasaha bayani dalla-dalla, gyare-gyare, da kuma hotuna

Da zarar ya bayyana a fagen yaƙi, da tank ya zama mafarki mai ban tsoro na dogon lokaci infantryman. A farko daga cikin wadannan inji sun kusan invulnerable, da kuma kokawa da su ne kawai ta hanyar digging anti-tanki ramuka, da kuma haifar da cikas na gaba barrage.

Sa'an nan ya zo da anti-tanki bindigogi, da ikon wanda ta yau nagartacce ne m. Ko yayin da tankuna sake bayan ya karu makamai, zai daina ji tsoron mafi yawan wadannan makamai. Kuma a nan a kan wani scene akwai anti-tanki bindigogi. Su suke ajizai biyayya da kuma amfani da tsauraran matakan, amma motocin dakon nan da nan suka fara girmama su.

Kada na bukatar anti-tanki bindigogi a yau?

Mutane da yawa talakawa mutane sun gaskata cewa a cikin zamani fagen fama da wannan "tsaoho" makamai da ba wurin ce: Armor halin yanzu tankuna ba ko da yaushe karya ko da tarawa harsasai, abin da za mu sa ran daga wasu irin bindigogi! Amma wannan ra'ayin ba gaba ɗaya na gaskiya. Akwai wasu daga cikin samfurori, wanda suke iya isar da wani yawa matsaloli ko da sosai "m" inji. Alal misali, anti-tanki gun "Rapier" mafi Soviet samar.

A makami ne don haka ban sha'awa shi ne cewa shi ya kamata magana game dabam. Abin da muke a yanzu kunna.

Fage a kan

Around tsakiyar 50s na karshe karni da ya bayyana cewa, babban antitank makamai a gaggawa bukatar na kara fama ikon. A dalilin ya bayyanar da Amirkawa suna da nasu ayyukan da nauyi tankuna. A wannan lokacin da na ke kan CA makamai gun D-10T da BS-3 (duka biyu - 100 mm). Dabaru na gaskiya, ya zaci cewa, su yi iya zama kasa.

A mafi sauki hanyar ƙara da size ... amma wannan hanya ya kai ga halittar babbar, nauyi da kuma jinkirin-motsi bindigogi. Kuma a sa'an nan, Soviet injiniyoyi yanke shawarar koma smoothbore manyan bindigogi, wanda ba a yi amfani da nan tun 1860 a Rasha! Me ya sa su a ta dauki wannan mataki?

Kuma abu ne babban gudun, to wanda dole ne a tarwatsa makamai sokin harsashi a cikin ganga. Wani kuskure a cikin yi na karshen leads ba kawai don wani m drop a daidaito, amma kuma kara hadarin halakar dukan makamai. Tare da m ganga halin da ake ciki ne quite kishiyar. Its main amfani ne da uniform sawa.

zabi na wahala

Amma abin da yake canza rifling sami? Bayan duk, a da kudi dako kula da directional kwanciyar hankali, kyale su gudanar da tasiri wuta a tsawon nisa! Kuma an yanke shawarar sake samun a archives na Gunners. Sai ya juya daga cewa ba za ka iya amfani da feathered projectiles for smoothbore bindigogi. Yanzu (a wancan lokacin) fasahar damar yin shi ba kawai feeler (ya zo daidai da ciki diamita na gun), amma kuma ya bayyana. Kawai sa, da harsashi bude ruwan wukake bayan barin waje da ganga (as RPG-7).

A farko-gwajen da na farko samfurin

A farko-gwajen sun nuna cewa saboda wasu sahu alamar maƙiyi tankuna bukatar a kalla a 105-mm gun. A Railway lokaci m samu wani rahoton cewa Birtaniya zane kama zamo gun da yau, iyalinsu unprecedented yi. Cif zanen na aikin - V. Ya. Afanaseva - alkawarin "cim da kuma cimma" fafatawa a gasa, a cikin mafi guntu yiwu lokaci. A talented zanen ya ba kawai aka rasa da majalisa ta zauna lokaci, amma kuma bayar da damar kafa wani sabon makami a gida tankuna. Don wannan karshen, shi ne dan kadan miƙa hadaya ballistics, rage da harsashi daidai to 1000 mm.

Kamar wancan ne aka haife cikin "tsare" - anti-tanki gun, wani photo wanda ya sha nanata ba, a wannan labarin.

Da aka yi amfani a cikin halittar?

Don ƙarin saurin da aikin, mun dauki wani karusa daga D-48 cannons, dan kadan gyaggyarawa da tsarin. Amma filin gwaje-gwaje nan da nan ya nuna cewa shi ma ya hlipok ga sabon kida. Dole na yi Redo wannan ɓangare daga karce. New gwaje-gwaje gun tare da girmamawa da kuma aka sa a cikin sabis. An sani a matsayin wani kayan aiki ma'auni 105 mm "T-12". "Rapier" zamani samfurin sun fi mayar bambanta daga shi.

A akwati a cikin sabon gun da aka yi na daya-yanki juna. Tsawon - 6510 mm. A zanen kaya ya zaɓi ya yi amfani da aiki-amsawa jinsunan muzzle birki. A breech sanye take da wani a tsaye sandan ƙofar. Da harbe-harben da aka za'ayi kai tsaye daga ƙafafun, da karin kam (da tarewa dakatar) ba bukata.

Don taimaka maka zato, abin da yake iya a gun "Rapier", da halaye na wanda za mu takaice fentin, bayar a look at tebur.

Ka lura da cewa wannan shi ne - ba na zamani gun "Rapier". Yana siffofi da sabuwar siga da ta fi tsanani.

Halaye na ammonium

Ga anti-tanki gun harsasai - na farko harka. Ko phenomenally dogon zango da kuma abin dogara makami jũya a cikin wani "kabewa", idan kana amfani da m, substandard bawo ga shi. Kuma gun "Rapier", wanda ya nuna wasan kwaikwayon halaye na mu mafi girma - mafi kyau shaida.

Harsasai ga sabon makamai kuma kawo wata matsala, domin suna da ci gaba, sãbuwa. Babban irin - sokin kuma tarawa. Don hallaka maƙiyi ma'aikata ta amfani da wani misali high-fashewar irin harbi. Nazarin lissafi aka yi amfani da koyon sokin projectiles. A da yawa daga cikin matsalolin tsĩrar da su launin gashi na karshen, a matsayin kwarewa a cikin halittar wani abu kamar cewa kawai bai wanzu ba, kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa smoothbore 100mm gun ya ba tukuna aka yadda ya kamata ƙware da m masana'antu.

A wahala shi ne cewa dako da unopened ruwan wukake da isasshen sauran tabbaci da kara tashar ba tare da kafa wani backlash. nan da aka soma kamar jefar da dama Concepts, amma babu wanda ya gamsar da dukan bukatun zanen kaya. Oddly isa, amma aikin da aka yanke shawara cewa an miƙa shi hadaya a farko da kuma ƙaryata "saboda m." Wannan sake tabbatar da cewa mafi sauki - shi ne sau da yawa da mafi m.

A sabon bayani

A core a wannan harka da aka tambayi yi bakin maraging karfe. Tip-divider harsashi - daga mafi al'ada niƙe karfe takardar, amfani da su yi wasu sassa na wutsiya stabilizer. Feathering "kibiyoyi" daga musamman simintin aluminum gami, kuma daga baya gano cewa aluminum anodizing bukatar kara. Tracer guga man a cikin ciki na wutsiya da aka kara gyarawa zuwa threaded dangane da core.

Yawa aikin ya kasance wani abu bel harsashi: a karshen zaunar a kan sau uku zaɓi, da abubuwa na wanda aka nasaba obtyuriruyuschim jan zobe. Da zaran dako ya fita daga ganga tashar nata irin sojojin kawai tearing da band, da kuma "Arrow", bude launin gashi rushes da tankuna. A nesa na 750 mita da sabawa ba fiye da 2.5 digiri a kan kwance line na gani.

Features na sauran iri Shots

Tarawa misali da high-m Shots da irin wannan shiri. A cikin hali ma da dako jiki rigidly shiga zuwa ga raya hannun riga, wadda aka a haɗe zuwa feathering. A bambanci babu obtyuriruyuschego bel da diamita kama da wadanda ga akwati. Domin tarawa bawo amfani bushing da biyar ruwan wukake feathering, da kuma a yanayin saukan high-m harbi - shida.

Tarawa da kuma high-m Shots sa ba don haka high bukatar a hannun riga, amma saboda ya aikata daga cikin talakawa (plated lacquer) na karfe. Sabot projectiles wannan irin Fitted fita na musamman a high quality-tagulla hannun riga da cewa ba sa fita kamar yadda makamai. "Tsare" - gun a lokacin tsada sosai, don haka masana suna neman wata hanya ta kara yawan sabis rayuwa.

Finalization na bawo

Amma tare da tallafi na daban-daban na Shots matsaloli sun kawai fara, kamar yadda suke dukan bukatar tsanani bita. A musamman, da sokin projectiles tsinkãyi daidai tsaye shirya yadudduka da makamai, amma su sun jimre da slanted nisa kasa tabbatacce. A dako ko alamar a makamai a karkashin wasu m kwana, ko kuma kawai ricochet. Landfills sun kakkarye da dama, sun soke zama tankuna, yayin da masana sun samu wani bayani karbuwa.

New abubuwa a cikin zane

Sai da na ɗauki kawai ƙara zuwa da shiri na "albarku" karin core na sosai m gami. Da zarar wannan bangare an gabatar (yin la'akari kawai 800g), Ya sanya daga tungsten carbide, da harbe-harben nan da nan ya nuna dama sakamakon: da za a shiga da wani gangaren makamai inganta ta 60%!

Ba da da ewa duk wadannan halaye da aka gwada a yi. Igwa "Rapier" fama amfani da wanda ya fara a lokacin da ya faru a cikin Golan Heights, ya nuna kyakkyawan sakamako a shigar azzakari cikin farji.

Kara ci gaba da wannan aiki

Bada jimawa ba, wani sabon gun, da kuma kusantar da hankali ga Soviet motocin dakon. Suna sha'awar da ikon da low-recoil smoothbore gun da haske nauyi. na farko samfurori da aka tattara a cikin wani sauri, wanda nan da nan sanya wani m alama a kan soja.

Ana shigar a kan shasi na tanki T-54, da sabon 100 mm igwa "Rapier" ƙulli koyo manufa (kuɗin da aka biya gidaje guda T-54) dama ta hanyar, da kuma tare da haddi nisa. Na tumaki, wanda taka rawar da matukan jirgin, kusan kome ba bar.

A shekarar 1960 modified zuwa so jihar gun "Rapier" ya fara zuwa Dutsen a kan shasi samu (a kan tushen da T-55). Da ewa ba bayan, duk da gwaje-gwaje da aka kammala D54, a matsayin sabon smoothbore gun nuna da cikakkar magabaci. Ba kamar da "dakaru" gyare-gyare da cewa tank bawo a kan wannan jerin ne ba a muzzle birki. Just watanni shida tank gun "Rapier" (photos na wanda za a iya gani a wannan abu) aka sa a cikin sabis a karkashin alama ce 2A20 "stiletto."

Gaskiyar cewa ya ba musamman zama dole a ya zamo kamar na 100 mm. Ganin cewa a cikin Soviet tankuna ba ta kasance haddi size da kuma nauyi, da kuma muzzle birki ƙwarai kara habaka da ya dace, ta kafuwa a cikin gida tank gini aka aikata kawai a lokuta inda duk wasu hanyoyin da aka yi kokarin warwarewa kuma bai ba da ake so sakamakon.

sabon gyare-gyare

A farkon 1970s gun "Rapier" an modified sake. A sakamakon aikin da masanan kimiyya da injiniyoyi ya zama wani kayan aiki na T-12A (2A29). Metallurgists da chemists sun gano hanyar samar da karin robust kututturan cewa ta atomatik ya kafuwar ga gwaji na sabon, inganta ammonium.

Sake, da karusa da aka gaba daya redesigned, sakamakon abin da ya kasance kusan gama kashe vibration lokacin da harbi, m kudi ya tashi da kusan rabi. Yana da aka ɓullo da kuma soma da gani ga dare harbi, kazalika da hadaddun radar, tsara duka biyu da dare kuma rãna a lõkacin da ganuwa ne matalauta (ƙura hadari, misali). Azahiri wannan canji ne mai sauqi ka bambanta, a matsayin muzzle birki gun kama wani gishiri shaker.

Lokaci guda tare da gyara 2A29 soma wani sabon gaba daya subcaliber dako tare da wani aiki da rabo kafa daga rai guda yanki na tungsten gami. munition taro ya karu kadan, amma da harbe-harben da kewayon karu da kimanin 30%. Bayan wani sabon edition da Littattafan domin fama ƙungiya bindigogi. Yana ce cewa harbi inganta tarin harsasai daga haihuwa "Rapier" 2A19 ne tsananin haramta, kamar yadda yake zai yiwu katsewa na ganga.

Tun shekara ta 1971, a cikin jerin tafi sabunta tank "Rapier" karkashin T-12A - 2A20M1 "stiletto."

ƙarshe

Don kwanan wata, wannan makami ne muhimmanci daga ranar. An yi imani da cewa "Rapier" igwa iya ba da tabbacin kwari shigar azzakari cikin farji daga cikin makamai na zamani da tankuna, amma a wani yanayi da shi ne quite jimre da su nauyi.

Saboda haka, a lokacin da Yugoslav rikici aka yi amfani da duk jam'iyyun da kyau sosai sakamakon. Masana sun lura cewa wannan kayan aiki ne manufa domin iko haske sulke da motocin da makiya (wanda shi ne mafi tsananin fiye da m BMP sau biyu). Bugu da kari, da bindiga "Rapier" (photo sama), kusan lalle iya buge mafi NATO tankuna a gefen da kuma tsananin. Wannan ya nuna cewa "haihuwa lady" shi ne har yanzu ma da wuri don zuwa gado.