Icebreaker "Kapitan Sorokin." zamani icebreakers

Masana kimiyya sun} iyasta cewa game da wani biyar daga cikin dukan surface duniya tamu aka rufe da kankara. Kuma yawan ne kusan 35 sau fiye da ƙara ruwa a duk cikin tabkuna da koguna. Domin motsi a kan sararin daskararre sarari da ake bukata musamman tasoshin - icebreakers. Su ne mai iko bangaren da Rasha jiragen ruwa. A tarihin wadannan kotuna yana da dama na shekaru. A nukiliya jirgin ne ba a kowace ƙasa a duniya! Duniya na farko icebreaker da makaman nukiliya ikon shuka da aka kaddamar kusan shekaru sittin da suka wuce a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Yau, dauke da makamai da Rasha jiragen ruwa ne 7 atomic jiragen ruwa.

icebreakers kamar "Captain Sorokin" ne mai iko da maneuverable. Abin da ayyuka ake yi da irin wannan jirgin ruwa, abin da yake da tarihi, zane fasali da kuma sa ran yiwuwa ga ci gaban da Arctic jiragen ruwa? Mun koya daga cikin labarin.

Tarihi icebreakers a Rasha

A farko fitina ga yunkuri na kankara da aka gina kusan shekara ɗari biyu da suka wuce, a Arewacin Amirka. Suna steamed kuma yana da yawa mukan cewa rage tasiri. A cikin karni na ƙarshe da suka muhimmanci kyautata.

Steam tasoshin babban iko - daya daga cikin na farko da aka Soviet icebreaker "Sibir" - zai iya zama a bude teku har zuwa makonni uku, da kuma sabon dizal-lantarki - ninka tsawon wannan, har zuwa kwana arba'in.

Ganin muhimmancin da Tarayyar Soviet kewayawa da arewacin hanya, ya wajaba a ba da rundunar tare da sabuwar fasahar. Kuma a shekarar 1959 da ruwa da aka kaddamar a duniya na farko nukiliya-powered icebreaker, wanda aka kira "Lenin". Its bayyanar shi ne sauƙin to kewaya ta hanyar da Northern hanya.

Yau, da Rasha rundunar hada icebreakers biyu iri: dizal lantarki tasoshin da kuma makaman nukiliya submarines

Ina amfani da icebreakers? yi jirgin ruwa

Icebreakers sun sanya wani muhimman hakkokin taimako ga nazari na Arewa Sea Route. Suna amfani da farko don tabbatar da free motsi waɗannan kwanoni domin su. Bugu da kari, su ana amfani da tabbatarwa da kuma fitarwa na gudanar da bincike expeditions, kazalika ga ceto na daban-daban cargoes a m yankunan na Arctic da Antarctic.

Don nasarar gudanar da wadannan ayyuka da wuya, kana bukatar wani musamman jirgin. Icebreaker yana da wani rarrabe zane da sa shi ya sa a kan hanya, inda wannan ba practicable ga sauran tasoshin. A musamman wannan yana zartuwa ga na musamman siffar da hanci da ganga-dimbin yawa jiki. Tare da wannan jirgin iya tafi a kan kankara ya karya ta hanyar your nauyi.

A sabon abu siffar tsananin (M-siffa) ba ka damar ja sauran tasoshin. Used dizal-lantarki ko nukiliya ikon shuka sa mai iko da maneuverable jirgin. shi ma damar domin cin gashin kansu da jirgin ruwa, bayan MOTA KE SHAN MAI a cikin m sararin kankara ne kusan ba zai yiwu.

Icebreaker "Kapitan Sorokin"

Babban rabo mai girma ya yi Soviet hunturu kewayawa a 1977-1978. An sa'an nan kaddamar a kan shahara icebreaker "Kapitan Sorokin." Ya, kamar sauran jiragen ruwa na irin wannan, an halitta su "Wärtsilä" Finnish masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa. Su aka gina domin Tarayyar Soviet, Finland da kuma Argentina. Sa'an nan "Captain Sorokin" kamar yadda wani gwaji da za'ayi a tashar jiragen ruwa na Dudinka kai jiragen ruwa "Pavel Ponomarev" da "Navarino". Saboda haka, a karon farko ta nuna yiwuwar shekara-zagaye Arctic kewayawa. Shi ne mai girma nasara, wanda a karon farko sanya shi icebreakers Tarayyar Soviet.

Shida da suka wuce, "Captain Sorokin" da aka umurci hadu a Gulf na zagaye duniya sailing regatta Volvo Ocean Race, to, wanda aka gama a St. Petersburg. A kan jirgin, da sauransu, sun 'yan jarida da kuma cameramen.

Yanzu, "Captain Sorokin" shi ne kuma a cikin aiki.

Sauran icebreakers na da irin wannan

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, da icebreaker "Kapitan Sorokin" - ba kawai jirgin ruwa na irin wannan, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na Rasha jiragen ruwa. A duk akwai huɗu da irin wannan jirgin ruwa. Suka kaddamar daya bayan daya a 1977-1981, bi da bi. Mai suna bayan da almara na iyakacin duniya hudu shugabannin - Sorokin, Nikolaev, Dranitsyna da Khlebnikov, - su ne shirin shawo na icebreaker jiragen ruwa.

Tasoshin irin wannan ne biyu maikashi dizal lantarki jirgin. Icebreaking baka, transom kuma sanye take da wani helipad damar kara da tasiri na Arctic kewayawa.

Ambaci a cikin art

Sha'awa, da icebreaker "Kapitan Sorokin" ya zama shahararren ba kawai domin ta Arctic tafiya. A shekarar 1979, a kan shi aka yin fim shirin Yuri Vizbora. A fim da aka kira "Murmansk-198" da aka sadaukar domin da wuya aikin na seafarers hidima a icebreakers.

Har ila yau, "Captain Sorokin" da aka ambata a cikin song Yu Vizbora kira "ake yin dusar ƙanƙara mujiya".

Icebreakers a Rasha a yau

Modern Rasha rundunar hada icebreakers da makaman nukiliya da kafuwa da kuma dizal lantarki tasoshin. A cewar 'yan rahotanni, a duk akwai 44 jirgin-to-amfani. Biyar daga cikinsu - nukiliya. A shekarar 2007, an kammala da izini wani jirgin da ake kira "50 Years of Nasara". Abin lura shi ne cewa wannan shi ne mafi girma a icebreaker a duniya. An halin daban-daban idan aka kwatanta da sauran tasoshin, hanci siffar, wanda damar mafi m karya ta kankara. Yana hidima, yafi zuwa bi tafiyar a cikin sanyi Arctic tekuna. Amma kuma amfani da wani icebreaker, da kuma aiwatar da fasinja yawacen duniya ta ruwa. A zubar da jirgin da fasinjoji - pool, sauna, gidan cin abinci, library.

Ya kamata a lura musamman da iko Soviet icebreaker "Arktika" (daga baya sake masa suna "Leonid Brezhnev"). Ya undoubted muhimmancin ta'allaka ne da cewa, ya na da matukar farko kai da Arewa iyakacin duniya.

Yanzu nukiliya icebreakers taimaka a shekara kai game da biyar ton miliyan na kaya.

Saboda haka, da zamani Rasha icebreaker - shi ne mai hade da ikon da maneuverability, gudu da kuma aminci. Jagoranci hanya ta cikin daskararre Arctic Sea, ya} unshi jajircewar da ikon da m jiragen ruwa.

festival icebreakers

Domin saba'in da tunawa da cika shekara Nasara grand festival aka sadaukar da Great Patriotic War, wanda ya samu halartar kasar da ya fi iko icebreakers. Shi ne kawai daya daga irinsa da aka gudanar a cikin ruwan Big Neva. All baƙi na Maritime festival iya yardar kaina ziyarta gabatar da kotu.

Daga cikin su shi ne icebreaker "Kapitan Sorokin," kuma sanannen "Ivan Kruzenshtern», kullum sakewa ruwa sarari tsakanin babban birnin kasar da kuma arewacin Baltic Sea. Shi ne ma zai yiwu to sha'awan da imbin "St. Petersburg" da "Moscow". Strong jiki da kuma girman wadannan motocin da damar su wuce sauƙi, ta hanyar kankara zuwa daya mita m, kuma a tare da manyan jirãge, da kuma duba ga wreck a wani babba zurfin.

Masu ziyara zuwa festival sun iya shaida mafi ƙarfi icebreakers Rasha jiragen ruwa. Kuma a karshen wannan biki shi yiwuwa a kalla wani ban mamaki, m spectacle - wani farati da jiragen ruwa a karkashin goyon bayan wata live ƙungiyar makaɗa - "Maritime Waltz".

icebreakers gaba

Da yake jawabi na zamani icebreakers, ba za mu iya duba cikin makomar wadannan tasoshin. A ranar, da ci gaba da kuma gina sabon jirãge zama m bukata. A karshe count, da Rasha, rundunar jiragen bukatar a shida zamani nukiliya-powered jiragen ruwa. To, ta yaya zai zama da icebreaker na nan gaba?

A na gaba shekaru bakwai, an shirya zuwa gina uku nukiliya-powered icebreaker iko na gaba, riga tsara ta uku. Ayyukan icebreakers na da irin wannan alkawari don cimma mafi girma gudun, ƙarfi da mulkin kai. A halin yanzu underway tana aiki a kan wani sabon jirgin "Arctic" tsara ta uku. Kamar yadda lissafin, da icebreaker za a iyo a cikin bude har zuwa shekaru bakwai.

An zaci cewa wannan jirgin zai zama mafi girma a kan duniyar tamu, irinta kuma musamman a cikin da yawa sigogi. Da kafa wannan jirgin ruwa da bude wani sabon shafi na a cikin tarihi na icebreaker jiragen ruwa. Yana iya zaci cewa nasara a Shipbuilding zai ba da damar zuwa karatu a mafi daki-daki cikin Arctic da kuma gano wuraren da aka ba a baya tsara.