Icebreaker "Jagoran": siffofin da kuma hoto

Babban shugabanci a cikin ci gaban da Arewa Sea Route ne don tabbatar da fitarwa daga ma'adinai raw kayan, da kuma don wannan aiki da kasar ta na bukatar wani sabon icebreaker shugaban. Aiwatar da zuba jari ayyukan a fagen albarkatun ma'adinai. (Goma sha daga gare su, suna hade da man fetur da kuma iskar gas, da kuma hudu more - tare da kwal da kuma tama karafa, ciki har da data kasance kuma mai yiwuwa - Norilsk, Dudinka, New Port Dickson, "Yamal LNG" da sauransu) Yana bukatar ci gaba da wucewa. Kuma saboda a cikin dogon lokaci, da mafi nan da nan, - kara zirga-zirga NSR, wanda a halin yanzu aiki mikakke icebreakers, na da hudu atomic da hudu dizal-lantarki. Su ne bai isa ba, saboda za a zamani kuma ya kamata icebreaker shugaban nan da nan.

A halin da ake ciki da kuma ayyuka

A cikin ruwan Arewa Sea Route ne, kamar yadda aka ambata, takwas jiragen ruwa: nukiliya "Vaigach", "Taimyr", "Yamal" da kuma "50 Years of Nasara", kazalika da dizal injuna "Captain Dranitsin", "Kapitan Khlebnikov", "Krasin" da kuma "Admiral Makarov". Port kayayyakin more rayuwa a cikin ci gaban da aka mayar da hankali gaba ɗaya a kan ci gaban da kuma man gas filayen, kuma fitowan na sabon zamani jiragen ruwa, abin da yake a nan gaba icebreaker shugaban, kuma shi ne gaba ɗaya saboda hakar ma'adinai. Irin wannan jirgin ruwa tare deadweight na fiye da mutum ɗari da dubu ton da kuma fiye da hamsin kamu, za a iya za'ayi shekara-zagaye kai tafiyar duk tare da teku hanya. Speed, wanda ya yi alkawarin zama wani icebreaker shugaban, shirya kudin-tasiri - for game da goma sha biyar kullin a thickest kankara.

Na farko zane da aka za'ayi "Krylovskiy SSC" da kuma CDB "dutsen kankara". Daga farkon, ya ci gaba da sabuwar nukiliya-powered icebreaker shugaban (Luka-110YA aikin). Shi ne iya samar da shekara-zagaye kewayawa da su bi duk na balaguro zuwa Arctic. A jirgin ya kamata ya zama babbar - fiye da biyu da ɗari mita dogon da arba'in m. Power shi a kan itatuwa, bisa ga sunan aikin, wanda aka shirya don game da 110 MW (kwafi na title: lk - kankara-wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi, 110 - ikon, na - nukiliya ikon shuka). A zahiri duk tare da NSR bukatar icebreakers, iya shawo kan kankara kauri da uku da rabi mita. Amma akwai wani aikin - lk-120 MW, begen mu Arctic jiragen ruwa, da kuma magana game da shi za a tattauna a kasa.

da tsare-tsaren

A yammacin ɓangare na Arctic kankara ne ba kamar yadda m - har zuwa uku mita, sabili da haka za a iya samar da icebreakers kewayawa a kowane lokaci na shekara, ko da idan suna da damar zuwa sittin wutar. A Gabas, duk hanya, da kankara halin da ake ciki ne quite daban-daban. Saboda haka, don tallafa shekara-zagaye kewayawa tare da Arewa Sea Route, rayuwa tsawo na data kasance makaman nukiliya-powered jiragen ruwa shirya (a baya aka shirya dubu ɗari hours, da kuma yanzu - ɗari da hamsin). Kuma a wannan lokacin da za a gina da kuma sa a cikin aiki da wani sabon ƙarni na duniya nukiliya biyu-daftarin inji, hade da icebreaker shugaban (Luka-110YA aikin). Irin tsare-tsaren wanzu har 2008, a lokacin da sabon icebreakers da za a sa a cikin aiki.

A sakamakon haka, da makaman nukiliya-powered "Siberia" An kyautata, da kuma na almara "Arctic" an haife shi a shekarar 1972, wanda aka cikakken m ta albarkatun, aka a watan Yuni 2016 maye gurbinsu da wani sabon "Arctic", ikon maye gurbin biyu icebreakers - da kuma ga teku-faruwa uku-mita kankara, da kuma yin aiki a cikin riverbeds. Duk da haka, da ƙaddamar ba ya nufin kammala dukkan aikin. A karshe, cikin icebreaker za a sa a cikin aiki a watan Disamba 2017, idan duk ke bisa ga shirin. Wannan ne mai matukar kyau jirgin, kuma sosai zama dole, amma ba wannan shugaba. A fasalin ne cewa icebreaker shugaban kankara passability iya kara zuwa uku da rabi mita. Bugu da kari, shi ya karu da kudi na hunturu, amma saboda pilotage za a bayar ba tare da keta sharuddan da isar da dukiya. Babu lokaci na shekara, ko kuma yanayin yanayi ba zai damu icebreaker lk-110YA ( "shugaban" - a aikin da code a cikin wannan hali). Development kasance aiki CDB "dutsen kankara" da kuma OKBM sunan Afrikantov (nukiliya shigarwa).

Ta yaya ne aikin

A shekarar 2015, duniya ga abin da makaman nukiliya-powered icebreaker shugaban, ko da yake kawai kasance a shirye don aikin. A watan Disamba na ce shekara da aka gudanar na biyar International Forum sadaukar da yanzu da kuma nan gaba na Arctic, kuma Krylov Research Center a kan gammonsa nuna alamar rahama model na nan gaba na jirgin. A da icebreaker, shugaban na aikin 10510. Its iya aiki da aka shirya a cikin mutum ɗari da ashirin da wutar, da kuma an gina shi zai zama takwas ko tara shekara. Yi sauri tare da wannan ba zai yiwu ba, muna bukatar a dace kayayyakin more rayuwa da kuma kaya jiragen ruwa. A shekarar 2015 an kammala na farko zane, da kuma a shekara ta 2016 da kuma tsara Technology. Yanzu shirya zane takardun. Ta hanyar wannan aikin, sabon icebreaker shugaban za a maimaita ta a cikin wani iri-iri na datsa matakan.

Sa'an nan Kubinka ya na duniya forum "Army 2016", inda model aka gabatar a sake ba, amma daban-daban daga asali. Design aikin canja siffar da yawa. Nukiliya icebreaker aikin "Jagoran" da ake ci gaba da wasu kamfanoni masu yawa. Da farko, CDB "dutsen kankara" - manyan developer da Krylovskiy SSC dole yarda da su kowane wata na ra'ayi zane. A wannan yanayin, da na waje ya canza muhimmanci. A shekara ta 2017, da m aiwatar da ci gaban fara.

bit yi

A zane, wanda zai yi wani nukiliya icebreaker Jagoran (Project 10510) ne na musamman, shi ne iya samar da wayoyi ta hanyar da kankara, ko da daga manyan girma dako da kuma motocin dakon, daga waɗanda ake yanzu ta amfani da Arewa Sea Route ba zai iya. Wani sabon kalma a cikin tarihi na Shipbuilding masana'antu za su shiga abin da jirgin ruwa zai ba su da wani daga cikin wannan giciye-hakarkarinsa a core (firam), wanda ya samar da wani na kwarai permeability a cikin kankara, wanda ba zai iya aikata wani abu daga wannan aji icebreaker. Designers sun lasafta kuma sami sabon fasaha mafita cewa icebreaker shugaban, wanda layout photo da aka sanya a farko da kuma a karshen mu review, zai iya shawo kan ko uku da rabi da kuma hudu mita a kankara kauri da kuma ko duk biyar, bayar da damar gudanar domin jirãge tashar nisa na fiye da hamsin mita.

Kuma bisa ga "bakin ciki" da kankara (mita biyu!), Yana zai faru ba tare da rage gudun goma sha huɗu kullin. Da iko, ya shirya goma da suka wuce, riga ya zama alama kasa. Daya ɗari da ashirin wutar kamata a yi a kalla shugaban icebreaker shugaban, 110 MW zanen riga dauke quite talakawa ikon domin irin wannan mai colossus. Bayan jerin al'ada icebreaker lk-60 guda biyu-mita kankara ne motsi a gudun kawai biyu nodes, kuma zai iya karya ta hanya ba fadi fiye da talatin da shida mita. Propellers a kan sabon jirgin za a yi na Graphene abu, kuma bã su da wani analogues a duniya. Wannan musamman samfurin invulnerable zuwa kankara, wanda canja siffar for ganiya dangane da gudun da icebreaker, wanda ke nufin cewa jirgin ruwan gudun ba a rasa ba, amma za su saya sassauci. A cikin fall na 2017 da bincike - lamba, gwaji da kuma hadadden - an riga an kammala, da kuma gwaje-gwaje sun shige. mulkin kai da jirgin ruwa shirya watanni takwas (tsawon lokaci na tafiya ba tare da kiran a wata tashar jiragen ruwa), da kuma tsawon aiki - har shekara arba'in. Shugaban icebreaker Jagoran (Project 10510) shirya shiga sabis a 2024.

Figures

Bugu da kari ga shugaban icebreaking jirgin ruwa, ci gaba da za a ci gaba da abin da aka tattauna a baya a wannan labarin - shi ne mai nukiliya-powered icebreaker, shugaban 110 MW. Hijira daga 600 ton ne na 55, tsawon - iyakar 206, da kuma fadin - 40 mita, zurfin - 20 mita, sludge - 13, da kuma aiki m - 11 mita. Su za a sanye take da uku propellers. By da ruwa mai tsarkakẽwa zai tafi a gudun 24 kullin da karya da kankara kauri har zuwa 3.5 mita. Irin wannan icebreaker bukatar wani ƙungiya daga mutane 127.

Kuma don kwatanta, shugaban icebreaker shugaban halaye (Project 105110). Kawar da yafi hakan - 71380 ton, tsawon 209 m, nisa na 47.7. Laka daga wannan jirgin ruwa ne guda - 13 mita. Amma da reactor tsarin ne yafi m. Raktora za a yi biyu - RITM-400, duka biyu zafi fitarwa na 350 MW. A jirgin ruwa iko, kamar yadda aka ce a sama, 120 MW. A cewar icebreaker cruising iyaka ba iyaka, mulkin kai kayan abinci - watanni takwas. Ban sha'awa lambobin correlating jirgin ruwa patency kudi da kuma kankara: kauri daga 4.3 m - 2 kumburi, kamar yadda a wani kauri of 2 m - 15 kullin. Da nisa daga cikin tashar, wanda paves icebreaker - 51 mita.

A sosai saman

Domin kafa irin wannan icebreakers riga soma wani yanke shawara da gwamnatin Rasha, inda da kudade a kallafa warware wasu kungiyoyi - Ma'aikatar Industry Rasha, Rasha ma'aikatar sufuri, da ma'aikatar kudi da jihar Corporation "Rosatom". Serial yi zai fara bayan shekarar 2020. A na farko zane ga yau a shirye yake, da kuma gina icebreakers fara 110 MW. A kai-shugaban icebreaker ne sau biyu a matsayin mai iko kamar yadda a yanzu a karkashin gini - shestidesyatimegavattnyh, kamar yadda ya bayyana riga a watan Mayu 2015, Dmitry Rogozin. ci gaban zamani za a iya shawo kan a shirya domin shine fasaha tsari, sa'an nan da na farko zane, bayan da aikin ne a zahiri da kuma karshe aiki.

Kuma bayan shekaru biyu, a karshen watan Yuni 2017, a St. Petersburg bude International Maritime Tsaro Show, inda Aleksey Rahmanov, shugaban kasar Shipbuilding Corporation, magana mai yawa game da al'amurra da cewa zai kawo yi na aikin icebreaker 10510 "Jagoran". Ya kuma lura da cewa Ma'aikatar Industry an kudade da aikin kawai a cikin na farko aikin, saboda fasaha al'amurran tukuna aiki isa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa da samuwar wani kudi makirci domin ta yi ya ba tukuna fara. deadlines icebreaker a aiki da aka a baya ya koma ga wani shekara. Yana aka farko kamata ya yi shi a 2023, da kuma yanzu da ake kira 2025 th.

Yadda ya faru

A mafi alamar irin icebreakers ga foreseeable nan gaba duk kwararru Mai gani ne ga Rasha nukiliya icebreaker aikin 10510 "Jagoran", ciki har da LC-110YA da LC-120YA). Babban aiki na wannan wani jirgin ruwa - don samar da shekara-zagaye kewayawa tare da dukan tsawon na Arewa Sea Route da za su gudanar da wani balaguro zuwa Arctic. Mutane da yawa da kafofin watsa labaru sun lura da cewa, Rosatomflot yi wa'adi ga gina irin wannan jirgin da 2023 a Severodvinsk ko St Petersburg, da nufin yin haka zai ba da shirin sotsekonomrazvitiya da Rasha Arctic, da kuma a lokacin har zuwa shekarar 2020 za a kudi, da kuma a cikin tsawon lokaci.

Duk da haka, a watan Afrilu 2017 da ma'aikatar cigaban tattalin arzikin da ya tsoma baki tare da wani tsari don wani sosai gyara na shirin, ban da kudade na tamanin biliyan rubles, wanda aka shirya da su zuba jari a yi da jirgin ruwa. Zai yiwu wannan shawarar ne m: su shiga a irin wannan babbar aikin da bai kamata ba kawai a jihar. A kasar na da yawa masu zaman kansu babban birnin kasar, wanda shi ne mai amfani ga halittar kankara-wato Ubangiji Yesu Kristi, bude zagaye kewayawa tare da Arewa Sea Route.

Maritime Tsaro Nuna

Godiya ga International Maritime Tsaro Show, da kuma duk na anti-Rasha takunkumi, da yawa waje wakila sosai a hankali matsahi na saba da aikin na wani sabon icebreaker. Akwai shugabannin sojan ruwa sojojin na kasashe daban-daban, sakataren Navy da kuma babban adadin waje masana'antun, mafi yawa Turai. Sun kasance sũ ne mai sha'awar da tsare-tsaren da ake nasaba da mu sojojin ruwa, da kuma, bisa manufa, cewa wani abu na sha'awa ba su mutu, har abada.

Arctic theme - duk musamman. Duk da ayyukan na Rasha icebreakers aka sosai karatu kasashen waje baƙi, amma ga icebreaker "Jagoran" a rabin da ban sha'awa sun nuna mamaki. Manyan isasshen nukiliya icebreakers "Siberia", "Ural", "Arctic" za a sa a cikin aiki daga 2019 har 2021-th, kuma suka duk da rabin da damar - 60 MW. Kuma wannan - shugaba, shi da ɗari da ashirin da wutar za su iya rip up da kankara tare da kusan babu hani - akalla mita biyar lokacin farin ciki.

gwani, ra'ayin da aka

domin icebreaking tasoshin ga Yunƙurin, amma saboda jiragen ruwa management - da kuma makaman nukiliya da kuma wadanda ba na nukiliya - zo da bukatar ƙarfafa, - cewa Rasha masana zo ga wannan ra'ayi. A kasar mu, ba shakka, akwai wasu albarkatu da gina karfi icebreaker rundunar motoci, kuma lalle dã a cika da'awa a cikin Arctic, a matsayin sufurin kaya a can ne kullum girma. Duk da haka, da gina Arctic tasoshin dole ne magance ba kawai da jihar kudi. A cewar masana, shi wajibi ne don ci gaba da wannan yanki da kuma janyo hankalin kamfanoni masu zuba jari zuwa gina sabon icebreakers.

A girma daga kayayyakin tare da NSR (Northern Sea Route) for 2016 ya game bakwai da rabi ton miliyan, kuma tare da zuwan da icebreaker, samar da shekara-zagaye kewayawa, ya za su yi girma har zuwa tamanin miliyan. Riga ta 2024 sufuri wa'adi wuce arba'in ton miliyan. Babban kaya - mai, liquefied iskar gas, karafa, da kwal. Hukumomi tsunduma a hako ma'adinai da kuma aiki na ma'adanai, da farko sha'awar bayyanar wannan aji icebreaker. Yana yi musu alkawari, babban riba, don haka bari kuma zuba jari.

Arctic albarkatu

The shirya cigaban Arctic albarkatun daga shekara zuwa shekara qara kwarara daga kaya tare da NSR. A zamanin bunkasa masana'antu yana da nasaba sama duk da nazarin sabon yankunan da yankunan arziki a albarkatu, da farko na dukkan - man fetur da kuma iskar gas. Wannan aiki da aka faruwa na dogon lokaci, da kuma sakamakon da aka da Norilsk masana'antu, Kola Mining, Nenets da Yamalo-Nenets masana'antar mai da gas, kazalika da yawa wasu manyan abubuwa tare hanya daga Kola zuwa da Chukotka Larabawa.

Ko a yau, da Arctic - shi ne tamanin cikin dari na iskar gas samar, goma sha kashi samar da man fetur, tasa'in da biyar cikin dari na nickel hakar da xari bisa dari - apatite. All ma'adanai cewa ba mu da wadannan yankuna, kuma ko da wuya a lissafa. Cargo zirga-zirga a cikin Arctic ne gaba ɗaya da alaka da fitarwa daga wadannan kayayyakin, da kuma cewa da yawa da miliyoyin tons. Yana bukatar ba kawai kankara-hutu, amma kuma kayan da jirãge a isa yawa, tare da mafi aji, misali - Arc-7. A yawan kankara-hutu dole a ninka a kalla, saboda duk abin da aka yanzu aiki riga gudu daga sabis na garanti na karshe lokaci.