Historical hoto na Brezhnev, ya gyara aikinsa,. The siyasa hoto na Brezhnev (takaice)

Personal da siyasa hoto na Brezhneva L. I. zuwa yawa masana tarihi, da siyasa, manazarta da kuma talakawa} neman kyawawan shubuha. Samun mutumin da ikon da aka alama ta mafi girma tattalin arziki albarku na Tarayyar Soviet, amma a lokaci guda a lokacin wannan lokaci aza bango da ya kai ga rushewar iko. Za mu yi ƙoƙari mu haifa da sirri da kuma siyasa hoto na Brezhnev. A takaice daga cikin biography na dattaku da aka ba a kasa.

haihuwa

Kafin mu fara bayyana cikin tarihi hoto na Brezhnev, gajere kamata mayar da hankali a kan sada lokacin da rayuwar wannan siyasa, tun a hanyoyi masu yawa da suka halitta bar wani gagarumin bugu a kan samuwar hali. Halitta, ya kamata mu fara daga haihuwa.

L. I. Brezhnev aka haife shi a shekarar 1906 a kauyen Kamenka, wanda ya a Ekaterinoslav lardin, a kan ƙasa na zamani Ukraine. Mahaifinsa Ilya Y., kuma uwarsa - Natalia Denisovna Mazalova. Iyaye biyu sun ma'aikata, Rasha ta kasa.

Bugu da kari Leonida Ilicha, da iyali da biyu mafi yara - Faith da Yakubu ba, amma da suka kasance sunã haife kadan daga baya ya shahara ɗan'uwansa.

ƙaramin shekaru

Bayan samun digiri da kuma taƙaitaccen ake bukatar sa a cikin man niƙa Leonid Ilyich shiga Geodetic Technical School a birnin Kursk, bayan da a cikin 1927 ya yi aiki a matsayin surveyor da ƙasar surveyor a yankuna daban-daban na kasar, da kuma ta 1930 ya riga ya zama Mataimakin. shugaban yankin ƙasar management.

A shekara ta 1927, da bikin aure ya faru L. I. Brezhneva da kuma Victoria Denisova.

A shekarar 1931 ya shiga, da kuma shekaru hudu daga baya sauke karatu daga Cibiyar Engineering a Dneprodzerzhinsk shugabanci, inda ya yi karatu ne, a Sashen da yamma, a lokaci guda aiki a matsayin locksmith. A kan samu Brezhnev a cikin makarantar sakandare sana'a ya tafi da cika fuska. A shekarar 1931 ya kasance ashirin da biyar shekaru zama memba na jam'iyyar kwaminis.

Bayan samun digiri ya yi aiki a rundunar sojojin a cikin Trans-Baikal yankin, inda yake ciyar da su zama shugaban siyasa. Bayan ritaya daga sabis a 1936, ya zama darektan na kwaleji a Dneprodzerzhinsk.

A 1937, Brezhnev aka nada mataimakin shugaban kwamitin zartarwa na birnin Dneprodzerzhinsk. A lokaci guda ya koma sama a kan jam'iyyar tsani. Saboda haka, a cikin 1939, ya zama sakatare na lardin jam'iyyar kwamitin na Dnepropetrovsk yankin.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, Brezhnev aka girke a cikin Red Army. Da farko, ya yi aiki janyo ra'ayoyin jama'a da matakan, sa'an nan ya zama mai Birgediya Kwamishinan. By karshen yaki, ya aka nada Head siyasa Administration na 4th Ukrainian Front, tare da daraja na Major General.

Promotion jam'iyyar tsani

Bayan da yaki, Leonid Ilyich ya ci gaba da ci gaba up da aiki tsãni a jam'iyyar ofishin. Wannan lokaci da wani babba tasiri a kan hanyar kafa wani tarihi hoto na Brezhnev.

Tuni a shekarar 1946 da ya zama shugaban Zaporizhzhya Regional kwamitin, kuma a shekara da aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani irin matsayi na Dnipropetrovsk yankin kwamitin. A wadannan wurare, da ya samu a jihar awards ga postwar maimaitawa na yankin, ciki har da Order of Lenin.

A 1950, Leonida Ilicha jira wani gagarumin karuwa. Ya zama shugaban jam'iyyar na daya daga cikin Soviet jamhuriyoyin - Harshen Maldavian SSR, wanda ya riga da matsayi na farko echelon. A shekarar 1952, ya kuma an zabe shi a tsakiya na JKS. Amma bayan Stalin ta mutuwa, ya aka warware daga duk posts da kuma sanya shugaban sashen siyasa na Navy. A shekarar 1955, Brezhnev sake zama na farko sakataren jam'iyyar kungiyar na jamhuriyar - wannan lokaci a cikin Kazakh Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar. Sai a wannan lokaci akwai shag.

Tun da 1956, Leonid Ilyich yi aiki a sakatariyar kwamitin tsakiya, kuma a shekarar 1957 an zabe shi a Fadar Shugaban kasa da wannan jiki.

Daga shekarar 1960 zuwa shekarar 1964, Leonid Ilyich aiki a matsayin shugaban da Presidium Koli. Saboda haka ya crept zuwa sosai saman da ikon a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, shan ta uku mafi muhimmanci post a kasar. The siyasa hoto na Brezhnev ke ƙara zama bayyananne shaci.

Khrushchev ta kau daga ikon

A key taron cewa ya rinjayi tarihi hoto na Brezhnev, ya kau a 1954 na farko sakataren CPSU, cewa shi ne ainihin shugaban kasa Nikita Khrushchev daga kan mulki.

Khrushchev bai ji dadin yawa soyayya Soviet mutane, kuma a cikin jam'iyyar kwaminis shugabannin kusan ko da yaushe tun da ya je ikon da aka quite karfi adawa da Nikita Sergeyevich. Intraparty adawa wakilan bai son Khrushchev ta matsayi a kan garambawul na jama'a, kazalika da ya gaza tattalin arziki manufofin. Brezhnev bai asali mallakar wannan kungiya na jam'iyyar jami'an, da kuma ko da a shekarar 1957, da goyan bayan Nikita Sergeyevich, a lokacin da unsuccessfully kokarin cire daga jihar shugabanci.

Amma da tsakiyar 60s da halin da ake ciki canza. The adawa da Khrushchev, saboda ta unconvincing siyasa da kuma kasawa a cikin tattalin arziki da aiki, kuma da ƙarfafa. Da bukatar wani canji na jagorancin jihar ya zama sane da, da kuma Leonid Brezhnev. A wannan haske, da siyasa hoto na Brezhnev sa'an nan ya nuna da ikon amsa da bukatun musamman canje-canje, maimakon bin fili kafa da kuma ossified hanya.

A initiators na hadin kai da motsa Khrushchev ya: memba na jam'iyyar Presidium N. V. Podgorny, darektan na KGB V. E. Semichastny, da kuma a baya aka gudanar da wannan matsayi na sakataren A. N. Shelepin. Brezhnev, ko da yake ya shiga cikin 'yan maƙarƙashiya, amma bai kai a wannan yanki na aiki. Ko da yake, a cewar wasu kafofin, an nuna cewa Leonid Ilyich Semichastny jiki cire Khrushchev, ya samu wani ƙi.

Shugabannin jam'iyyar, zargin da Nikita Sergeyevich voluntarism, dilettantism, da kuma gaza waje da kuma tattalin arziki siyasa, samarwa da farko sakataren jam'iyyar ko dai aikin yarda da ya yi murabus daga dukkan posts ko barin abin kunya. Khrushchev ya zabi tsohon.

Alƙawari zuwa ga post na farko sakataren

An kuma yanke shawarar raba post na farko da sakataren jam'iyyar kwaminis da kuma shugaban kwamitin ministoci, baya mai karfi a wannan hannuwanku. A farko post ya aka nada L. I. Brezhnev, da kuma na biyu - A. N. Kosygin.

Da farko, shugabannin jam'iyyar da aka la'akari da wadannan biyu Figures a matsayin sassaucin ra'ayi, da kuma watakila ma wucin gadi, amma kamar yadda ya juya daga baya, da dukan epoch a cikin ci gaban da kasar da aka dangantawa da ayyukan. Historical hoto na Brezhnev hade da wannan lokaci.

da gwagwarmayar siyasa

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, saman jam'iyyar jami'an sun dauke gano L. I. Brezhneva ya jagoranci jihar a matsayin wucin gadi, don haka dole ne ya dawwama a wuya gwagwarmaya tare da abokan adawar a cikin jam'iyyar inji ya tabbatar da hakkin ya jagoranci kasar. Da ikon da za su gudanar da irin wannan gwagwarmaya kawo wasu Paint a tarihi hoto na Brezhnev.

A 1967, mun tsananta da rikitarwa tsakanin Brezhnev da kuma jam'iyyar kungiyar, wanda hada da Shelepin, sau bakwai, Podgorny da Egorychev. Wannan rukuni na jam'iyyar 'yan yanke shawarar ya lokaci don matsawa da "wucin gadi" na farko, da sakataren kuma saka a cikin sa Shelepin. A saboda wannan dalili, kasar gona ya zama palpable a cikin nau'i na da jawabai a jam'iyyar tarurruka da tausayin zargi na daban-daban yanke shawara na gwamnati. Amma Leonid Ilyich wannan lokaci da karfi isa kuma, sabanin Khrushchev, ya iya hana hadin kai.

A 1967, A. N. Shelepin aka fitar daga sakataren sakatariya na kwamitin tsakiya da kuma zuwa matsayin da shugaban na All-Union kwadago, da Egorycheva canja daga matsayin farko sakataren Moscow reshe na jam'iyyar kwaminis da aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga post na mataimakin. Ministan noma, kuma daga baya ya aiko da wani jakadan Denmark. V. M. Semichastny daga post na shugaban KGB aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga majalisar ministocin kasar na Ukrainian SSR. A wurin da aka nada wani amintaccen mutum ya Brezhnev - Yu. V. Andropov. Har ila yau a wannan lokaci shi ne har yanzu da manufa da dama mutane kusa da Leonid Ilyich, a saman gwamnatin posts. Wannan Chernenko K. W., Tikhonov, N. A., Tsvigun SK, lye, NA et al. The ayyukan da yawa daga cikinsu da aka da dangantaka da birnin Dnipropetrovsk, wanda ya ba da lokaci zuwa ce daga baya cewa Tarayyar Soviet gwamnati kafa "Dnipropetrovsk kabila".

A karshe daga cikin manyan masu hamayya da Brezhnev ta fagen siyasa da aka shafe NV Podgorny. Haka ya faru, a 1977, lokacin da saboda da tabarbarewar kiwon lafiya Leonida Ilicha ji tsoron cewa Podgorny, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban Presidium Koli, za a iya encroach a post na babban sakataren. A wannan batun, sai aka sallami karkashin inuwar na ja da baya.

garambawul

Da yake jawabi game da tarihi hoto na Brezhnev da sake fasalin, shi ne wajibi ne don bayyana cewa ko da yake a lokacin mulkinsa don wani lokaci, kuma Muka ɗauke da reformist siyasa, amma shi ba a yi qaddamar, Leonid Ilyich. Babban engine na bidi'a ya A. N. Kosygin, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin shugaban kwamitin ministoci. Wannan post yayi daidai da na yanzu matsayi na shugaban gwamnatin ko firaministan kasar a wasu kasashen. Ba tare da ya ambaci wannan dattaku ne ba zai yiwu ba ga tara cikakken tarihi hoto na Brezhnev. Domestic siyasa na babban magatakardan MDD, a maimakon haka, aka yi niyya ga adana daga cikin tsofaffin gwamnatin, ko da yake a karkashin matsin lamba daga tattalin arziki dalilai Leonid Brezhnev kuma an tilasta wa dan lokaci yarda da bada shawarwari Kosygin.

Ko da yake Kosygin, sabanin Shelepin, ba a kai tsaye adawa da Brezhnev, amma shi ya kasance m cewa da yawa daga cikin matakai da ake gane ta da sakatare janar a cikin korau.

Tattalin arziki da canje-canje, a shekarar 1965, wanda ya tafi a tarihi karkashin sunan Kosygin, kwaskwarimar shi ita don kawar da yankin shiryawa jikinsu, rage yawan hari a fadada cin gashin na mutum Enterprises. Babban Manuniya na Enterprises sun zama su riba da kuma yadda ya dace.

Fadada na mulkin kai na kamfanonin da ba son jam'iyyar nomenclature, karkashin jagorancin L. I. Brezhnev. Historical hoto na shugaban a matsayin lokaci halin da fairly ra'ayin mazan jiya views. Ba abin mamaki da jama'a da manufofin da cewa lokaci, da bambanci ga Khrushchev narke, ya kira neo-Stalinism, da kuma tattalin arziki events a kasar - stagnation. Tun da farkon 70-ies na gudana sake fasalin Kosygin fara wind saukar, hanyoyin da tsananin gwamnatin management na tattalin arzikin ya fara da za a aikata a matsayin da.

Ƙin kawo canji kaddara tattalin arziki auka na Tarayyar Soviet a nan gaba.

Ci gaban tattalin arziki da Tarayyar Soviet

A lokaci guda ya kamata a lura da cewa shi ne a cikin Brezhnev lokacin da misali daga mai rai daga 'yan ƙasa a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya kai unprecedented Heights. Saboda haka mutane da yawa, pozhivshie a cikin waɗannan kwanaki da nostalgia na stagnation a matsayin "zinariya shekaru".

Amma babban misali na rai iya kawai za a samu ta hanyar "cin bãya" daga waɗanda reserves cewa an tara a cikin Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin da suka gabata lokaci saboda da wuya aikin da wakilan da na kowa mutane. Haka kuma, shi ya kasance karkashin Brezhnev gwaji na kudaden shiga da aka fitarwa na man fetur don samar, gagarumin hannun jari na wanda ya fara da za a ci gaba a Siberia. Muddin har karshen 70s da farashin da hanya ya kasance high, yana yiwuwa ya tabbatar da karfi tattalin arziki yi. Amma a lokaci guda, wannan al'amari daura da tattalin arzikin to farashin man, tun farkon 80s da rushewar darajar baki zinariya ya kasance daya daga cikin abubuwan da gudummawar da rushewar tattalin arziki.

Har ila yau korau aukuwa na Brezhnev zamanin ya overproduction a wasu sassa na tattalin arziki da kuma karancin a wasu.

kasashen waje da manufofin

A farkon ya sarautar Brezhnev fuskanci Czechoslovak tawaye, wanda aka directed a kan Tarayyar Soviet, da ainihin iko da kasar. Ya dauki wani mataki a yanke shawarar aika Soviet sojojin a cikin Czechoslovakia murkushe tawaye. Kamar haka ya ya iya ci gaba da tasiri na Tarayyar Soviet a Gabashin Turai.

A lokaci guda farkon 70s alama an daidaita dangantakar da Amurka. The shugaban kasar Amurka ko kai ziyara Moscow.

A halin da ake ciki canza bayan shekarar 1979, a lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet aika sojoji zuwa Afghanistan. Wannan ya kai ga cewa dangantaka tsakanin USSR da yamma suna ƙunci tare da kara, da kuma Tarayyar Soviet da aka gabatar a yawan takunkumi.

'yan shekarun nan

A karshe shekaru ransa a L. I. Brezhneva aka lura da gagarumin kiwon lafiya matsaloli. Ya sha wahala da dama zuciya harin da shanyewar jiki da cewa zai shafi iyawarsa ta tunani. Bayan haka, ya yi addictions to kwayoyin maganin barci, ba tare da wanda ba ya iya barci.

Tun da marigayi 70s, Brezhnev bai iya kai jihar da kuma gwamnatin kasar a gaskiya wuce a hannun ciki da'irar, yayin da Leonid Brezhnev zauna sakatare janar har mutuwarsa.

mutuwa

Mutu L. I. Brezhnev a watan Nuwamba shekarar 1982, a daya daga cikin cottages. Kamar yadda ƙaddara da wani likita, da mutuwa ne saboda sakamakon bugun zuciya. So gade wa babban sakataren bai ba su suna ba, don haka ƙasar ta jiran wani sabon gwagwarmayar iko.

Leonid Brezhnev aka binne shi a kan Red Square.

Janar halaye

Bari mu yi kokarin fayyace siyasa hoto na Brezhnev. A takaice, za mu yi magana game da manyan turakun da ya biography cewa za ta taimaka wa kwanta a jiwuwa hoto.

Leonid Brezhnev wani mutum daga ra'ayin mazan jiya ra'ayoyi, da tsohon makaranta. A fannoni da dama, ya kasance m to Stalin ta siyasa, ko da yake a hukumance rehabilitate shi bai yi kuskure. A daidai wannan lokaci, wani lokacin da aka lura da cewa, ya ya iya sake duba ta a baya ra'ayoyi, da kuma sassauci a canza halin da ake ciki. Amma tare da shekaru, wannan ikon zama m Brezhnev zama kasa da kasa, kuma zuwa karshen bin adana na haihuwa domin, ko da waje canje-canje, inda ya bayyana sarai.

Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa, domin cimma muradinta na Brezhnev ya son dauka ayyuka da cewa su ne sharply a rashin daidaito da kullum yarda norms na halin kirki.

Amma dole ne mu gane da cewa tarihi hoto na Brezhnev, bisa ga algorithm, kõma sama a gaba, zai yi aiki ba don sake, kamar yadda ya quite mai haske da kuma rigima adadi a cikin tarihin kasar.